제조기업의 환경혁신에 대한 원인요인과 촉진요인

최종민 한국경영과학회 2015 經營 科學 Vol.32 No.3

This research empirically investigated the influence factors on the activation of environmental innovations (EI) in Korean manufacturing firms. In this study, external factors (compulsory demand, government regulation, normative pressure and imitative pressure) and internal factors (environmental resources, top management support, integration of environmental tasks, capabilities of environmental personnel, and environmental strategy/environmental management systems) were totally considered. The results of a multiple regression analysis showed that influence factors such as top management support, environmental resources and integration of environmental tasks have a significant and positive impact on levels of EI. However, the effects of external factors were not statistically significant. We also examined whether capabilities of environmental personnel as well as environmental resources, which are directly related with degrees of EI, have a moderating impact on relationships between other internal factors and levels of EI. With a subgroup analysis, the moderating role of abilities of environmental personnel were empirically confirmed. Through a multiple regression analysis, the direct effects of external factors on the adoption or construction of internal factors were demonstrated. The effects of government regulation, normative pressure and imitative pressure on internal factors were significant and positive. It was also found that external factors have indirect effects on EI through internal factors. Finally, the results of multiple regression analyses indicated that EI positively influences the achievement of environmental competitive benefits, and environmental competitive advantages can improve the organizational performance of a firm.

환경요인이 서체 판독성에 미치는 비정형적 영향에 관한 연구

임학래 한국디자인문화학회 2019 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.25 No.3

The purpose of this study is to empirically verify the impact of environmental factors on legibility of typefaces with experiments. It attempts to explore the characteristics of atypical effects of environmental factors on typeface legibility by delving into not only the innate legibility of typefaces, or the forms of letters, but the degrees of extraneous legibility perceived differently according to varying environmental factors. The study of typeface legibility can be largely divided into two: one is to investigate letterforms; and the other is to examine the environment in which letters are read. The study defined ‘legibility’ as the degree of ease in which forms of individual letters or words are discernable and recognizable, and derived key environmental factors to find out the impact of varying degrees of them on typeface legibility. To delineate the properties of the effects environmental factors exerted on legibility, a conjoint analysis was applied as the design of the experiment to measure the effects of the degree of three environmental factors – ‘contrast, angle, and pollution’ – on typeface legibility. To be concrete, picture cards that adopted five different levels of individual environmental factors were presented and arranged in order from the highest to the lowest legibility perceived by the participants of the experiment, thereby allowing the assessment of relative importance by different environmental factors. The experiment results disclosed that environmental factors have a direct influence over changes in typeface legibility. Such changes in legibility vary depending on different typefaces and even the same typeface may take extremely irregular patterns according to changes in environmental factors. The researcher paid attention to the causes behind how changes in environmental factors may exert atypical changes of typeface legibility and attempted to offer practical and academic implications by identifying the mechanism of how environmental factors may influence typeface legibility. Furthermore, it is expected that the outcomes of this research may stimulate a shift from the current research that revolve around letterforms to environmental factor-oriented ones that take account of operational environmental changes. 이 연구는 실험을 통해 환경요인이 서체 판독성에미치는 영향을 검증하는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 서체즉, 글자의 형태가 지닌 고유의 판독성이 아닌, 환경요인의 변화 강도에 따라 다르게 지각되는 서체 판독성의 변화 정도를 살펴, 궁극적으로는 환경요인이 서체 판독성에 미치는 비정형적 영향의 특성을 살펴보려 한다. 서체 판독성 연구는 환경요인의 관점에서 글자 형태에 관한 연구와 글자를 읽는 환경에 관한 연구로 구분할 수 있다. 이 연구에서 서체 판독성은 낱글자나 낱말의 형태를 분별하여 알아보기 쉬운 정도로 규정하였고, 주요 환경요인을 선정하여 환경요인의강도를 변화시켜 서체 판독성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 환경요인이 서체 판독성에 미치는 영향의 특성을밝히기 위해 컨조인트 분석(Conjoint Analysis)을 사용해 실험을 설계하여 ‘대비, 각도, 오염’의 3가지 환경요인의 작용 강도가 서체 판독성에 미치는 영향을측정하였다. 구체적으로 개별 환경요인의 강도를 5단계로 적용한 그림카드를 제시하여 실험 참여자가 판독성이 높다고 지각한 순서대로 순위를 배열하도록하여 환경요인별 상대적 중요도와 작용 강도별 가치가 평가될 수 있도록 하였다. 실험 결과, 환경요인은 서체 판독성 변화에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 서체 판독성 변화는 서체별로 다를 뿐만 아니라, 동일한 서체라도 환경요인과 그 변화 강도에 따라 매우 불규칙한양상을 보였다. 연구자는 환경요인이 서체 판독성의비정형적 변화에 미치는 원인임에 주목하고, 환경요인이 서체 판독성에 미치는 영향의 메커니즘을 파악하여 실무적, 학문적 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다. 또한, 이 연구의 결과는 서체 판독성 관련 연구가 현재의글자 형태 중심 연구에서 사용 환경 변화를 고려한환경요인 중심 연구로 확장하는 데 중요한 계기가 될것으로 기대한다.

우리나라 제조기업의 환경경영시스템 도입에 대한 영향요인 연구

최종민(Jong-Min Choe) 한국경영과학회 2014 經營 科學 Vol.31 No.2

This research empirically investigated the influence factors on the adoption of environmental management systems (EMS) in Korean manufacturing firms. In this study, the external factors (cause factors), the internal factors (facilitating factors) and the firm specific characteristics were integrally considered. In the factor analysis, the third item (regional society) of the external factors and the first item (environmental law) of government regulation were confounded with the items of the other factors. Thus, the confounded items were removed. In the second factor analysis, no items were replicated. The results of a multiple regression analysis showed that the influence factors such as government regulation, normative pressure, top management support, environmental strategy and employees’ recognition, and ratio of large shareholders have a significant impact on the construction of EMS. However, the effects of the other firm specific characteristics were not statistically significant. We also examined whether both the number of environmental personnel and the allocation of environmental resources, which are directly related with the adoption of EMS, have a moderating impact on the relationships between other internal factors and the construction of EMS. With a subgroup analysis, the moderating roles of the number of environmental personnel were empirically confirmed. Through a multiple regression analysis, the direct effects of the external factors on the adoption or construction of the internal factors were demonstrated. The effects of government regulation, normative pressure and imitative pressure on the internal factors were significant and positive. Finally, in this study, the fact that the adoption of EMS can improve the environmental performance of a firm was also empirically found.

글자 판독성에 영향을 미치는 환경요인 분석

임학래(Lim, Hak Lae),안병학(Ahn, Byung Hak) 한국디자인문화학회 2017 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.23 No.2

활자와 인쇄 매체 발명 이후 글자의 쓰임이 확장함에 따라 글자에 대한 연구는 글자꼴뿐만 아니라 글자의 판독성과 글자의 판독 가능성을 좌우하는 환경에 대한 연구로 점차 확장하고 있다. 그러나 글자의 판독성은 글자가 쓰이는 다양한 주변 환경의 영향을 받기 때문에 예측 가능한 모든 환경요인을 규명한다는 것은 연구의 범위, 기간, 비용을 고려할 때 현실적으로 불가능하다. 이러한 문제에서 착안한 이 연구는 32개 국가 200편의 해외 선행연구에서 밝혀낸 글자의 판독성에 영향을 미치는 환경요인을 조사, 분석, 분류, 목록화하여 서체 판독성 연구를 위한 기초 자료를 만드는 것이다. 해외 선행연구를 대상으로 한 이유는 국내의 경우 글자에 대한 연구가 아직 글자꼴에 따른 형태 판독성 자체에 치우친 경향이 큰 반면, 판독성에 영향을 미치는 환경요인에 대한 연구는 매우 부족하기 때문이다. 이런 이유로 관련 연구가 풍부한 해외 선행연구를 중심으로 종합 분석하여 글자 판독성에 영향을 미치는 예측 가능한 환경요인을 입체적이고 종합적으로 정의하고자 했다. 가장 먼저 정확도와 보편성을 높일 수 있는 키워드를 찾기 위해 페르소나 기법을 차용한 환경설계를 통해 키워드를 도출하였고, 시범 검색을 통한 키워드 보완 과정을 거쳐 연구 대상을 구체화했다. 이를 통해 글자 판독성에 영향을 주는 환경요인을 다룬 200편의 해외 선행연구를 찾았고, 이 중 명확한 요인을 가졌다고 판정한 119개의 연구에서 규정한 환경요인을 추출하였다. 추출한 환경요인들은 11개의 대표 환경키워드로 재분류하였고, 이를 분석하여 환경요인 연구의 경향성을 정리하였다. 또한, 키워드끼리의 상호 인접도를 측정하고 이를 시각화함으로써 복합 환경요인에 대한 연구 접근 가능성을 높였다. 그 결과, 글자의 판독성에 영향을 주는 환경요인을 제시한 연구사례 목록 200편과 함께 이를 분석하여 얻은 환경 키워드 11개, 키워드 인접도 분석을 통해 얻은 부가 연구 문제 등을 제시하였다. 이 연구는 글자꼴에 대한 연구와 글자 형태에 따른판독성 연구에 치우쳐 온 국내 연구의 한계를 인지하고, 판독 환경요인이라는 변수를 연구사례를 통해 구체적인 근거와 함께 제시한 데 가치가 있다. 이 연구의 결과가 본 연구자가 계획하는 후속 연구인 ‘서체 판독성 표준화 표기체계 구축 연구’를 위한 중요한 선행 근거 연구로 쓰일 것을 확신한다. According to expanding of using the letter since the type and the print media was invented, the research of the letter gets expanding to the research on the environment which controls the legibility and the possibility of reading letter, not only the letter shape. However, the legibility is influenced by the various surrounding environment which the letter is used for, it is impossible to establish all the predictable environmental factors for considering the range, period, and expense. This research derived from these issues (investigated from the overseas preceding researches out of 200 cases from the 32 countries) is to research, analyze, and categorize the environmental factors that affect on the legibility and make a basic data for the legibility research of handwriting. The reason to aim the overseas preceding researches is there’s a lack of researches about the environmental factors, while there’s a tendency of bias on the form of legibility itself following the shape of letter. For these reasons, related research to comprehensive analyze to focus on an abundant foreign preceding researches, and to justify predictable environmental factor that influences to the letter legibility with stereoscopic and comprehensive way. At first, to find the keywords that able to increase accuracy and generality, extracted the keywords through the environmental design derived from persona technique, then it structured the research object through the process of keyword supplementation with the test search. It found 200 cases of foreign preceding researches of being studied environmental factors which influences on legibility through this process, then extracted prescribed environmental factors from 119 case researches which were decided to have an obvious factor. The extracted factors were reclassified with the 11 major environmental keywords. And, it is arranged by analyzing the tendency of environmental factors. Also, as measuring an adjacent interaction between keywords and visualizing, it could increase the possibility of research for approaching the complex environmental factors. For the result, it was able to suggest the list of 200 study cases of suggesting environmental factors which influences to the letter legibility, 11 of the environmental keywords analyzed from it, and the additional research problems obtained from the analyzing keyword of adjacent. This study has a value to recognize the limit of the domestic research that only concentrated in the legibility research by the form of letter about letter shape, and to be suggested a variable of legibility environmental factor through the study case specifically by reason. It is sure to be used in an important preceding study for following research, ‘A Research on Standardizing Legibility Specification’ that the researcher plans.

Environmental Factors Influencing Tree Species Regeneration in Different Forest Stands Growing on a Limestone Hill in Phrae Province, Northern Thailand

Lamthai Asanok,Dokrak Marod 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2016 Journal of Forest Science Vol.32 No.3

Improved knowledge of the environmental factors affecting the natural regeneration of tree species in limestone forest is urgently required for species conservation. We examined the environmental factors and tree species characteristics that are important for colonization in diverse forest stands growing on a limestone hill in northern Thailand. Our analysis estimated the relative influence of forest structure and environmental factors on the regeneration traits of tree species. We established sixty-four 100-m2 plots in four forest stands on the limestone hill. We determined the species composition of canopy trees, regenerating seedlings, and saplings in relation to the physical environment. The relationships between environmental variables and tree species abundance were assessed by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), and we used generalized linear mixed models to examine data on seedling/sapling abundances. The CCA ordination indicated that the abundance of tree species within the mixed deciduous forest was closely related to soil depth. The abundances of tree species growing within the sink-hole and hill-slope stands were positively related to the extent of rocky outcropping; light and soil moisture positively influenced the abundance of tree species in the hill-cliff stand. Physical factors had a greater effect on tree regeneration than did factors related to forest structure. Tree species, such as Ficus macleilandii, Dracaena cochinchinensis, and Phyllanthus mirabilis within the hill-cliff or sink-hole stand, colonized well on large rocky outcroppings that were well illuminated and had soft soils. These species regenerated well under conditions prevailing on the limestone hill. The colonization of several species in other stands was negatively influenced by environmental conditions at these sites. We found that natural regeneration of tree species on the limestone hill was difficult because of the prevailing combination of physical and biological factors. The influence of these factors was species dependent, and the magnitude of effects varied across forest stands.

성별에 따른 범죄두려움에 미치는 영향 요인 분석

정의롬 한국치안행정학회 2024 한국치안행정논집 Vol.21 No.1

최근 10년 동안 범죄발생 건수는 감소하였음에도 불구하고 국민들은 범죄피해를 당할 수 있다는범죄두려움이 높은 것으로 조사되고 있다. 범죄두려움에 관한 연구는 국내뿐 아니라 국외에서도 꾸준히 연구가 되고 있다. 범죄두려움에 관한 연구가 지속적으로 수행되고 있는 것은 수많은 연구결과가 상이하기 때문이다. 특히 남성이 여성보다 더 많은 범죄피해를 경험함에도 불구하고 여성이 더욱 높은 범죄두려움을 가지는 것으로 조사되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 남성과 여성이 가지는 범죄두려움에 미치는 영향요인을 개인적 요인과 환경적 요인으로 구분하여 실증적으로 검증하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 목적에 따라 한국형사·법무정책연구원의 전국범죄피해조사 2차 데이터를 활용하였다. 연구결과, 남성은 일반적인 상황에서 느끼는 범죄두려움의 요인은 개인적 요인인 직접적인 범죄피해를 제외하고 모두 통계적으로 유의미하게 조사되었으며, 여성은 일반적인 상황에서 느끼는 범죄두려움의 요인은 환경적 요인의 지역유대와 비공식통제를 제외하고 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 조사되었다. 그리고 범죄유형에 따른 구체적 범죄두려움의 결과, 남성은 일반적 범죄두려움과 같은 결과로 조사되었으며, 여성은 개인적 요인과 환경적 요인의 모든 요인이 통계적으로 유의미하게 조사 되었다. 마지막으로 일반적 범죄두려움과 구체적 범죄두려움을 통합한 전체 범죄두려움의 결과에서는 남성은 개인적 요인인 직접적인 범죄피해가 제외되었으며, 여성은 개인적 요인과 환경적 요인의 모든 요인이 통계적으로 유의미하게 조사되었다. 즉, 남성과 여성의 범죄두려움에 미치는 영향 요인을 차이가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 남성과 여성의 범죄두려움을 감소시킬 수 있는 치안정책의 자료를 제공하고자 한다. Even though crime has decreased over the past 10 years, it has been found that people have a high fear of crime and that they may become victims of crime. Research on fear of crime is being conducted consistently not only domestically but also abroad. The reason that research on fear of crime is continuously conducted is because the results of numerous studies are different. In particular, although men experience more crime damage than women, women are found to have a higher fear of crime. Accordingly, this study sought to empirically verify the factors influencing men's and women's fear of crime by dividing them into personal factors and environmental factors. To achieve the purpose of this study, secondary data from the National Crime Victimization Survey of the Korea Institute of Criminology and Justice were utilized. As a result of the study, all factors related to the fear of crime felt by men in general situations were found to be statistically significant except for direct crime damage, which is a personal factor, while the factors contributing to fear of crime felt by women in general situations were environmental factors, local ties and informality. It was found to be statistically significant except for the control. And as a result of the specific fear of crime according to crime type, men's results were the same as the general fear of crime, and women's factors, both personal and environmental, were found to be statistically significant. Finally, in the results of overall fear of crime, which combines general and specific fear of crime, direct crime damage, which is a personal factor, was excluded for men, and all personal and environmental factors were found to be statistically significant for women. In other words, it was found that there were differences in factors affecting the fear of crime between men and women. Based on these research results, we would like to make policy recommendations that can reduce men and women's fear of crime.

환경소양 요인별 수준에 따른 환경행동 실천 경험의 차이

김윤경,강지훈,이동영 대한지구과학교육학회 2023 대한지구과학교육학회지 Vol.16 No.1

This study investigates learners' environmental literacy, classifies the results by factors of environmental literacy, and then investigates the differences in the students' environmental behavior practice experiences according to the classification by factor. The study was conducted with 47 6th grade students from D elementary school located in P metropolitan city as the subject of final analysis, and environmental literacy questionnaires and environmental behavior practice experience questionnaires were used as the main data. As a result of the study, the learners were classified into three groups according to the factors of environmental literacy, and they were respectively named as the “High environmental literacy group”, “low environmental literacy group”, and “Low Function and Affectif group”. A Word network was formed using the descriptions of environmental behavior practice experiences for each cluster, and a Degree Centrality Analysis was performed to visualize and then analyze. As a result of the analysis, “High environmental literacy group” was confirmed, 1) recognized the subjects of environmental action practice as individuals and families, 2) described his experience of environmental action practice in relation to all elements of environmental literacy, and had a relatively pessimistic view. “low environmental literacy group”, and “Low Function and Affectif group” were confirmed 1) perceive the subject of environmental behavior practice as a relatively social problem, 2) the description of the experience of environmental behavior practice is relatively biased specific factors, and the “Low Function and Affectif group” is particularly focused on the knowledge element. And 3) it was confirmed that they were aware of climate change from a relatively optimistic perspective. Based on this conclusion, suggestions were made from the perspective of environmental education. 본 연구는 학습자들의 환경 소양을 조사하여 환경 소양의 요인별로 그 결과를 분류한 후, 요인별 분류에 따른 학생들의 환경행동 실천 경험에 대해 어떤 차이 가 있는지를 알아보기 위한 연구이다. 연구의 실행은 P 광역시에 위치한 D 초등학교 6학년 학생 47명의 학 생들을 최종 분석의 대상으로 진행되었으며, 환경소양 검사지와 환경행동 실천 경험에 관한 설문지를 주요 데이터로 사용하였다. 연구의 결과 학습자들은 환경소 양 요인에 따라 세 군집으로 분류되었으며, 각각 고 환 경소양군, 저 환경소양군, 저기능정서군으로 명명하였 다. 각 군집별로 환경행동 실천 경험에 대한 기술 내용 을 활용하여 언어 네트워크를 형성하고, 중심도 분석을 실시하여 시각화한 후 분석하였다. 분석한 결과 고환경소양군은 1) 환경행동 실천 주체를 개인과 가족으로 인식하고, 2) 환경행동 실천 경험을 환경소양의 모든 요소와 연관지어서 기술하였으며, 3) 기후변화에대해 비교적 비관론적 관점으로 인식하는 것을 확인하였다. 저 환경소양군과 저기능정서군은 1)환경행동 실천 주체를 비교적 사회적 문제로 인식하고, 2) 환경행동 실천 경험에 대한 기술이 비교적 편향되어 있으며,특히 저기능정서군은 지식 요소에 집중되어 있다. 그리고 3) 기후변화에 대해서는 비교적 낙관론적인 관점으로 인식하고 있는 것을 확인하였다. 이 같은 결론을바탕으로 환경교육의 관점에서 시사점을 주는 제언을하였다.

Environmental and Microbial Factors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Model Establishment: A Review Partly through Mendelian Randomization

( Zesheng Lin ),( Wenjing Luo ),( Kaijun Zhang ),( Shixue Dai ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2024 Gut and Liver Vol.18 No.3

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex condition resulting from environmental, microbial, immunologic, and genetic factors. With the advancement of Mendelian randomization research in IBD, we have gained new insights into the relationship between these factors and IBD. Many animal models of IBD have been developed using different methods, but few studies have attempted to model IBD by combining environmental factors and microbial factors. In this review, we examine how environmental factors and microbial factors affect the development and progression of IBD, and how they interact with each other and with the intestinal microbiota. We also summarize the current methods for creating animal models of IBD and compare their advantages and disadvantages. Based on the latest findings from Mendelian randomization studies on the role of environmental factors in IBD, we discuss which environmental and microbial factors could be used to construct a more realistic and reliable IBD experimental model. We propose that animal models of IBD should consider both environmental and microbial factors to better mimic human IBD pathogenesis and to reveal the underlying mechanisms of IBD at the immune and genetic levels. We highlight the importance of environmental and microbial factors in IBD pathogenesis and offer new perspectives and suggestions for improving experimental animal modeling. Our goal is to create a model that closely resembles the clinical picture of IBD. (Gut Liver 2024;18:370-390)

환경갈등의 발생원인과 구조분석-계룡산자연사박물관 건립사례를 중심으로

최진하,이진헌 한국환경정책학회 2004 環境政策 Vol.12 No.2

This study were purposed to do the causing factors and structure analysis about the environmental conflicts generated during the construction of Natural History Museum at Gyeryong-Mountain. We surveyed 95 persons who were Government Officers and environmental NGO's in Chungnam-do, with questionnaire on August 2003.We analyzed factor I, II, and III from 25 environmental conflict causes. The explanatory power were 33.1% at factor I, 23.6% at factor II and 14.5% at factor III, respectively. Factor I included 12 conflict causes, which has the communality of ‘Administrative Procedures. Factor II included 5 conflict causes, which has the communality of ‘Environment-Economy'. Factor III included 5 conflict causes, which has the communality of ‘Political Factor'. Chronbach's α were 0.9271 at factor I, 0.9316 at factor II, and 0.8710 at factor III, respectively.The responses of females, 20 ages and NGO's were very negative at all factors, such as ‘Administrative Procedures Factor', ‘Environment-Economy Factor', and ‘Political Factor'. Their response were significantly different between 20 ages and 50 ages(p<0.05), and between Government Officers and NGO's(p=0.000). The multiple regression model of conflict level with factor I, II and III was Y=4.526 - 0.466(factor I) - 0.272(Factor II) - 0.118(factor III)(R=0.478).We concluded that the first major factor was ‘Administrative Procedures Factor', and next were ‘Environment-Economy Factor' and ‘Political Factor' at conflict causes generated during the construction of Natural History Museum at Gyeryong-Mountain. And also depending to be NGO's 20 ages-female, their response were negative.

Green Environmental Friendly Challenges towards Malaysia Port

K.B. Loke,M.Z. Danial 국제이네비해양경제학회 2020 International Journal of e-Navigation and Maritime Vol.14 No.1

Malaysia announced to reduce emission during the 15th Conference of Parties in Copenhagen 2009 by 6th Malaysia Prime Minister YAB Dato’ Sri Mohd Najib Tun Abdul Razak. While, one of the major energy consumption and emission producers are port systems. Therefore, port must minimise emission and pollution, to become green and environmental friendly. Thus, this study looked for the external environmental factors that influencing port become green. The external environmental factors determined using PESTEL analysis; there are political, economic, social, technology, environment, and legal. Next, the priority dominant external environmental for main factors and sub-factors identified using AHP analysis (Analytic Hierarchy Process). Questionnaires used to collect data from expert, and generated from literature review and pilot test. The initial results showed that the first priority main factor is economic, the second priority main factor is technology, and the third priority main factor is environment. At the same time, the results also highlighted that the first priority sub-factor is economic growth, the second priority sub-factor is reduce pollution, and the third priority sub-factor is research and development. The CR (Consistency Ratio) value is less than 0.1 and indicated that the data is considered acceptable. The advance and green technology and system revolution require financial support, and the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) highlighted that people will looking for environmental protection while economic output per capita achieving certain turning point. Thus, the economic growth is significant contributed and influenced Malaysia Port to become green and environmental friendly.