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Erythromycin과 Chlortetracycline의 배추의 초기생장 억제 효과
최현지(Hyeon Ji Choe),이윤정(Yun-Jeong Lee),김송엽 (Song Yeob Kim),쇼흐라 하젤(Chohra hadjer),칸타라즈 비말라즈(Kantharaj Vimalraj),이용복(Yong Bok Lee) 한국토양비료학회 2021 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2021 No.11
농경지에 사용되는 가축분 퇴·액비에서 Erythromycin (Ery)과 Chlortetracycline (CTC)을 포함한 다양한 수의학 항생물질이 종종 검출된다. 이러한 항생 오염물질이 농업토양에 유입되어 축적됨으로써 농작물의 성장과 발달에 악영향을 미치는 것으로 예상되지만, 지금까지 이와 관련된 연구는 매우 미흡하다. 본 연구에서는 Ery와 CTC가 배추(Brassica campestris)의 초기생장에 미치는 영향을 구명하고, 두 가지 항생제 처리에 반응하여 발현되는 식물체 유전자를 비교·분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 따르면, Ery 또는 CTC 처리배지에서 생장한 어린 배춧잎의 엽록소 함량과 광합성 효율이 대조구에 비해 낮았다. 투과전시 현미경(Transmission electron microscopy, TEM)으로 잎을 분석한 결과, Ery 및 CTC 처리에 의한 반응으로 비정상적인 형태의 색소체가 발견되었다. 또한 Ery과 CTC 처리에 의해 배춧잎 중 엽록체가 정상적으로 발달하지 않았으며, RBCL과 LHCB1.1을 포함한 광합성 관련 유전자 발현 정도가 낮았다. 이를 통해 Ery과 CTC가 Tetrapyrrole 생합성 경로와 1차 뿌리 성장에 관여하는 유전자 발현을 저해시키는 것을 밝혀내었다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 보면, Ery과 CTC가 식물의 초기생육뿐만 아니라 생리대사 메커니즘과 연관된 주요 유전자의 발현을 억제하여 성장과 발달에 악영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.
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Kim, T.H.,Kim, S.D.,Kim, H.Y.,Lim, S.J.,Lee, M.,Yu, S. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2012 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.227 No.-
Recently, the occurrence of antibiotics in sewage treatment plant effluent, as well as drinking water, has raised concern about their potential impacts on the environment and public health. Antibiotics are found in surface and ground waters, which indicate their ineffective removal by conventional wastewater treatment processes. Therefore, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have received considerable attention for the removal of antibiotics. This study was conducted to evaluate the degradation and mineralization of antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole and chlortetracycline) using an electron beam, ozone and UV, and the change of toxicity. Also, the electrical energy consumption based on the EE/O parameter (the electrical energy required per order of pollutants removal in 1m<SUP>3</SUP> wastewater) was used to quantify the energy cost associated with the different AOPs (electron beam, ozone and UV) for the degradation of antibiotics. The results showed that an electron beam effective for the removals of both sulfamethoxazole and chlortetracycline in aqueous solutions. However, degradation of the target compounds by ozone and UV showed different trends. The oxidation efficiency of each organic compound was very dependent upon the AOP used. Algal toxicity was significantly reduced after each treatment. However, based on the electrical energy, the electron beam was more efficient than ozone and UV. Electron beam treatment could be an effective and safe method for the removal of antibiotic compounds.
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In Vitro Development and Transfer of Resistance to Chlortetracycline in Bacillus subtilis
Menghong Dai,Junjie Lu,Yulian Wang,Zhenli Liu,Zonghui Yuan 한국미생물학회 2012 The journal of microbiology Vol.50 No.5
The present criteria and rules controlling the approval of the use of probiotics are limited to antibiotic resistance patterns and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria. There is little information available in the literature regarding the risk of the usage of probiotics in the presence of antibiotic pressure. In this study we investigated the development and transfer of antibiotic resistance in Bacillus subtilis selected in vitro by chlortetracycline in a stepwise manner. Bacillus subtilis was exposed to increasing concentrations of chlortetracyclineto induce in vitro resistance to chlortetracycline, and the minimal inhibitory concentrations were determinedfor the mutants. Resistant B. subtilis were conjugated with Escherichia coli NK5449 and Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 using the filter mating. Three B. subtilis tetracycline resistant mutants (namely, BS-1, BS-2, and BS-3)were derived in vitro. A tetracycline resistant gene, tet (K),was found in the plasmids of BS-1 and BS-2. Three conjugates (BS-1N, BS-2N, and BS-3N) were obtained when the resistant B. subtilis was conjugated with E. coli NK5449. The conjugation frequencies for the BS-1N, BS-2N, and BS-3N conjugates were 4.57×10-7, 1.4×10-7, and 1.3×10-8,respectively. The tet(K) gene was found only in the plasmids of BS-1N. These results indicate that long-term use of probiotics under antibiotic selection pressure could cause antibiotic resistance, and the resistance gene could be transferred to other bacteria. The risk arising from the use of probiotics under antibiotic pressure should be considered in the criteria and rules for the safety assessment of probiotics.
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Jia, Yuefa,Liu, Jia,Cha, Sangwon,Choi, Soobin,Park, Yun Chang,Liu, Chunli THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING 2017 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY -S Vol.47 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Magnetically recyclable Au-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/nanocube ZnFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> (Au-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/NC ZFO) composite photocatalysts have been successfully prepared by a hydrothermal method. It was revealed that Au-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/NC ZFO composite with 25% mass percentage of Au-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> exhibited a significantly enhanced photocatalytic efficiency toward chlortetracycline (CTC) degradation as compared to the binary TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/NC ZFO composite. The enhanced performance can be attributed to the addition of Au nanoparticles, which act as electron traps aiding the electron-hole separation and increasing the light absorption through the surface plasmon resonance effect. The synthesized catalyst showed good stability after three cycles and could be easily separated by a magnet and reused.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A new type ternary Au-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/nanocube ZnFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>. </LI> <LI> The Au-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/nanocube ZnFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> shows superior photocatalytic activity. </LI> <LI> The chlortetracycline can be removed by Au-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/nanocube ZnFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>. </LI> <LI> Cycle degradation tests show the catalyst was highly active, stable and recoverable. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Magnetically separable Au-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/nanocube ZnFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> composite exhibit an outstanding photocatalytic activity in degradation of chlortetracycline (CTC) under visible light irradiation.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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최동미,정지윤,장문익,임무혁,박건상,홍무기 한국분석과학회 2005 분석과학 Vol.18 No.3
A selective method of high performance liquid chromatography with UV detector has been applied to determine 4 tetracycline antibiotics in the animal food, simultaneously. The targets were chlortetracycline (CTC), doxycycline (DC), oxytetracycline (OTC), and tetracycline (TC) that are used routinely in veterinary medicine for prevention and control of disease. Food samples were beef, pork, chicken, milk, whole egg, flatfish (Limanda yokohamae), jacopever (Sebastes hubbsi), seabream (Chrysophrys major), eel (Anguilla japonica) and lobster (Hommarus americanus). After extracting food samples with 20% trichloroacetic acid and McIlvaine buffer, they were purified by a C18 SPE cartridge with 0.01M methanolic oxalic acid solution. The concentrated residue was re-dissolved in methanol, filtered, cleaned up and analyzed on a C18 column. The mobile phase was a mixture of 0.01M oxalic acid and acetonitrile with a gradient ratio from 85:15 to 60:40. The UV wavelength was 365nm. The overall recoveries were ranged from 71% to 98% and the limit of detections were 0.022 for CTC, 0.012 for DC and OTC and 0.009 mg/kg for TC at signal/noise > 3, respectively. As results, CTC, DC and TC were not detected in all selected food samples, however, OTC was detected in meat and fishes. The determined level of OTC was 0.04ppm for pork, 0.17ppm for flatfish and 0.05 and 0.08ppm for jacopever, that were within the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) in the food.
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Optimization of HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry for chlortetracycline using response surface analysis
Hyokwan Bae,Hee-Suk Jung,Jin-Young Jung 대한환경공학회 2018 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.23 No.3
Chlortetracycline (CTC) is one of the most important compounds in antibiotic production, and its distribution has been widely investigated due to health and ecological concerns. This study presents systematic approach to optimize the high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for analyzing CTC in a multiple reaction monitoring mode (479 → 462 m/z). One-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) test with response surface analysis (RSA) was used as optimization strategy. In OFAT tests, the fragmentor voltage, collision energy, and ratio of acetonitrile in the mobile phase were selected as major factors for RSA. The experimental conditions were determined using a composite in cube design (CCD) to maximize the peak area. As a result, the partial cubic model precisely predicted the peak area response with high statistical significance. In the model, the (solvent composition) and (collision energy²) terms were statistically significant at the 0.1 α-level, while the two-way interactions of the independent variables were negligible. By analyzing the model equation, the optimum conditions were derived as 114.9 V, 15.7 eV, and 70.9% for the fragmentor voltage, collision energy, and solvent composition, respectively. The RSA, coupled with the CCD, offered a comprehensive understanding of the peak area that responds to changes in experimental conditions.
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Chlortetracycline(CTC)의 사료 첨가가 돼지의 생산성과 호흡기 병변에 미치는 영향
권영방,이원형,이완규,강종구,정영철,김성훈,한병우,Kwon, Young-bang,Lee, Won-hyung,Lee, Wan-kyu,Kang, Jong-koo,Jung, Young-chul,Kim, Sung-hoon,Han, Byung-woo 대한수의학회 2000 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.40 No.2
The effects on CTC (T1) and CTC, Sulfathiazole and Penicillin Combination (T2) medication in feed through one life cycle of pigs, namely, weaning, mating, farrowing, lactation, growing, finishing and slaughter, were tested under local condition. In sow phase, productivity and the number of microflora in urine before and after medication of CTC were studied and average daily gain and feed conversion rate were checked during growing and finishing period. All pigs reached at 155 days old were slaughtered for pathological examination. 1. Litter size, farrowing rate and survival rate at birth were improved by CTC medication from weaning to 21th day after mating and mortality of piglet at weaning, 25 days after farrowing, was reduced in the CTC medication group, but no siginificant. 2. The number of microflora in the sow urine was changed with the medication at 200ppm of CTC in feed. In particular, the number of E coli, Samonella and Staphylococci were reduced by CTC medication. 3. The average daily gain and feed conversion rate of grower and finisher pigs was improved significantly in both treated groups, most in the high level CTC (T1) medicated group and was lowest in the control group. 4. The number of infected lungs was reduced not significant by both treatments (as % pneumonic lesions Co 66.7%, T1 47.1%, T2 31.4%) and the severity of lung lesions was significantly reduced by both high level of CTC and CTC combination medication in feed. 5. Although there were no statistical differences in atrophic rhinitis based on turbinate scores among the 3 groups, the number of mild and moderate (Grade 2 and 3) infections was higher in the control group (9/36) than in the treated groups (T1 2/34 & T2 4/35).
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정미선,윤영은,김진욱,홍영규,김성철,이용복 한국응용생명화학회 2020 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.63 No.1
Antibiotics have been identified as a new type of environmental contaminant because of their increased use in farm animal production systems. Those drugs that animals are not absorbed mostly are excreted in the feces and urine and contaminates soils. However, the effects of antibiotics on crop plants are still largely unknown. In this study, we determined the effects of chlortetracycline (CTC), a veterinary drug released into the agricultural field by grazing animals or through manure application, on the growth and physiology of Brassica campestris seedlings. Differently from animals, Brassica campestris seedlings have accumulated 5–10-fold higher CTC during cultivation rather than excretion. Morphologically, CTC delays seed germination and inhibits seedling growth such as shortening primary root length and decreasing chlorophyll level. At the molecular level, CTC accumulation in plants downregulated the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes and decreased the production of hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2). Since H2O2 is one of the signaling components involved in the regulation of root growth, exogenous application of H2O2 partially restored the growth and physiology of CTC-treated seedlings. These results suggest that application of CTCcontaining manure or compost to soil delays seed germination and inhibits plant growth.
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