Performance Analysis of Korean WADGPS Algorithms with NDGPS Data

Youngsun Yun,Doyoon Kim,Chulsoo Pyong,Changdon Kee 한국항공우주학회 2005 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.6 No.1

To provide more accurate and reliable positioning and timing services to Korean nationwide users, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of Korea is implementing Korean NDGPS (Nationwide DGPS), which is operational partly. And it also has a plan to construct WADGPS (Wide Area Differential GPS) system using sites and equipments of the NDGPS reference stations. For that, Seoul National University GNSS Laboratory is implementing and testing prototypes of WRS (Wide-area Reference Station) and WMS (Wide-area Master Station). Until now, because there are not enough installed WRSs to be used for computing wide area correction information, we cannot test algorithms of WMS with the data processed actually in WRSs. Therefore to evaluate the performance of the algorithms, we made a MATLAB program which can process RINEX (Receiver INdependent Exchange) format data with WADGPS algorithm. Using that program which consists of WRS, WMS and USER modules, we processed the data collected at NDGPS reference stations, which are saved in RINEX format. In WRS module, we eliminate the atmospheric delay error from the pseudorange measurement, smooth the measurement by hatch filter and calculate pseudorange corrections for each satellite. WMS module collects the processed data from each reference stations to generate the wide area correction information including estimated satellite ephemeris errors, ionospheric delays at each grid point, UDRE (User Differential Range Error), GIVE (Grid Ionosphere Vertical Error) and so on. In USER part, we use the measurements of reference stations as those of users and estimate the corrected users' positions and protection levels (HPL, VPL). With the results of estimation, we analyzed the performance of the algorithms. We assured the estimated UDRE /GIVE values and the protection levels bound the corresponding errors effectively. In this research, we can expect the possible performance of WADGPS in Korea, and the developed modules will be useful to implementation and improvement of the algorithms.

A Fault Detection and Exclusion Algorithm using Particle Filters for non-Gaussian GNSS Measurement Noise

Youngsun Yun,Doyoon Kim,Changdon Kee 한국항해항만학회 2006 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2 No.-

Safety-critical navigation systems have to provide ‘reliable’ position solutions, i.e., they must detect and exclude measurement or system faults and estimate the uncertainty of the solution. To obtain more accurate and reliable navigation systems, various filtering methods have been employed to reduce measurement noise level, or integrate sensors, such as global navigation satellite system/inertial navigation system (GNSS/INS) integration. Recently, particle filters have attracted attention, because they can deal with nonlinear/non-Gaussian systems. In most GNSS applications, the GNSS measurement noise is assumed to follow a Gaussian distribution, but this is not true. Therefore, we have proposed a fault detection and exclusion method using particle filters assuming non-Gaussian measurement noise. The performance of our method was contrasted with that of conventional Kalman filter methods with an assumed Gaussian noise. Since the Kalman filters presume that measurement noise follows a Gaussian distribution, they used an overbounded standard deviation to represent the measurement noise distribution, and since the overbound standard deviations were too conservative compared to the actual distributions, this degraded the integrity-monitoring performance of the filters. A simulation was performed to show the improvement in performance of our proposed particle filter method by not using the sigma overbounding. The results show that our method could detect smaller measurement biases and reduced the protection level by 30% versus the Kalman filter method based on an overbound sigma, which motivates us to use an actual noise model instead of the overbounding or improve the overbounding methods.

KASS Message Scheduler Design

Yun, Youngsun,Lee, Eunsung,Heo, Moon-Beom,Nam, Gi-Wook The Institute of Positioning 2016 Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Vol.5 No.4

The Korea Augmentation Satellite System (KASS), which is under development in Korea as a Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) is expected to broadcast SBAS messages to air space in Korea according to the international standards defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA). Around 13 SBAS messages are broadcast in every second to transmit augmentation information which can be applicable to a wide area in common. Each of the messages requires a different update interval and time-out according to the characteristics, purpose, and importance of transmitted information, and users should receive and combine multiple SBAS messages to calculate SBAS augmented information. Thus, a time to take acquiring first SBAS position by users differs depending on broadcasting various SBAS messages with which order and intervals. The present paper analyzes the considerations on message scheduling for broadcasting of KASS augmentation information and proposes a design of KASS message scheduler using the considerations. Compared to existing SBAS systems, which have a wide range of service area, a service area of the KASS is limited to Korea only. Thus, the numbers of ionosphere grid points and satellites to be augmented are expected to be smaller than those of existing SBAS. By reflecting this characteristic to the proposed design, shortening of broadcast interval of KASS message is verified compared to existing SBAS and a measure to increase a speed of acquisition of user navigation solution is proposed utilizing remaining message slots. The simulation result according to the proposed measure showed that the maximum broadcast interval can be reduced by up to 20% compared to that of existing SBAS, and users can acquire KASS position solution faster than existing SBAS.

A Particle Filter Approach to DGNSS Integrity Monitoring —Consideration of Non-Gaussian Error Distribution—

YUN, Youngsun,KIM, Doyoon,KEE, Changdon THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIEN 2008 Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical Vol.50 No.170

<P>For more accurate and reliable aviation navigation systems which can be used for civil and military aircraft or missiles, researchers have employed various filtering methods to reduce the measurement noise level, or to integrate sensors such as global navigation satellite system/inertial navigation system (GNSS/INS) integration. Most GNSS applications including Differential GNSS assume that the GNSS measurement error follows a Gaussian distribution, but this is not true. Therefore, we propose an integrity monitoring method using particle filters assuming non-Gaussian measurement error. The performance of our method was contrasted with that of conventional Kalman filter methods with an assumed Gaussian error. Since the Kalman filters presume that measurement error follows a Gaussian distribution, they use an overbounded standard deviation to represent the measurement error distribution, and since the overbound standard deviations are too conservative compared to actual deviations, this degrades the integrity monitoring performance of the filters. A simulation was performed to show the improvement in performance provided by our proposed particle filter method, which does not use sigma overbounding. The results show that our method can detect about 20% smaller measurement biases and reduce the protection level by 30% versus the Kalman filter method based on an overbound sigma, which motivates us to use an actual error model instead of overbounding, or to improve the overbounding methods.</P>

rHama : Pregel과 R을 통합한 대용량 그래프 처리 프레임워크

윤영선(Youngsun Yun),박기성(Kisung Park),한용구(Yongkoo Han),이영구(Young-Koo Lee) 한국정보과학회 2014 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2014 No.6

항행 및 항법 : 기준국 배치에 따른 한국 위성기반 보강 시스템 UDRE 성능 영향 분석

윤영선 ( Youngsun Yun ) 한국항행학회 2015 韓國航行學會論文誌 Vol.19 No.3

SBAS 기준국의 배치는 시스템 성능에 영향을 미치는 가장 중요한 요소 중 하나이므로 기준국 배치가 주어진 성능 요구사항을 만족시킬 수 있는지 시스템 개발 초기에 신중하게 분석하여야 한다. 특히 한국형 SBAS로 개발이 진행 중인 KASS의 기준국은 대한민국 내에 설치될 예정이므로 기준국의 개수와 영역이 제한될 수밖에 없으며 이는 넓게 기준국을 배치할 수 있는 타 SBAS 시스템과 구별이 되는 부분이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 한계로 인한 GPS 및 GEO에 대한 UDRE와 δUDRE 성능 영향을 시뮬레이션을 통하여 분석하였으며 그 결과 UDRE 성능은 기준국이 얼마나 넓게 분포하는지에 크게 영향을 받으며 특히 GEO UDRE에 미치는 영향이 매우 심각한 것을 확인하였다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 기준국 배치 영향으로 인한 시스템 성능 위험을 최소화하기 위한 KASS 설계 및 개발 고려 사항을 제시한다. Since the distribution of SBAS reference stations is one of the most important factors that affect the system performance, the effects of the distribution should be analyzed carefully from the beginning of the program to develop the system conforming to given performance requirements. The reference stations of KASS, the Korean SBAS, are planned to be installed only inside South Korea, which limits the number and area of those. It differentiates KASS from others that have much larger sites. In this paper, the author analyzes the performance impact on UDRE and δUDRE for GPS and GEO due to the limitations by a series of simulations, which showed that the UDRE performance depends on the diversity of the reference station distribution and the impact on the GEO UDRE is significant. The paper concludes by providing KASS design and development considerations to minimize the possible performance risks due to the limitations of KASS reference station distribution.

KARI IMT 시스템의 GBAS 보정정보 검증시험

윤영선(Youngsun Yun),임준후(Joonhoo Lim),조정호(Jeongho Cho),허문범(Moon-Beom Heo) 한국항공우주학회 2011 韓國航空宇宙學會誌 Vol.39 No.2

한국항공우주연구원애서는 GBAS 기준국의 무결성 감시 알고리즘 개발을 위한 데이터 제공 및 시험을 위하여 무결성 감시 테스트베드를 구축하였다. 개발된 알고리즘의 정확한 구현 및 시험을 위해서는 기반이 되는 시설 및 소프트웨어의 기본 기능이 국제 표준에 부합하게 구현되어 있어야 하므로, 본 논문에서는 현재 구축된 테스트베드의 GBAS 기준 국으로서의 기본 기능에 대한 검증시험을 수행한다. 이를 위해 국제적으로 신뢰받고 있는 프로그램인 PEGASUS와의 비교를 통하여 GBAS 보정 정보의 타당성을 확인하였으며, 이를 적용한 사용자 측면에서의 거리 영역 및 위치 영역에서의 데이터 분석을 통하여 시스템의 무결성 및 가용성 성능을 확인하였다. Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) has implemented an integrity monitor testbed (IMT) to provide archived GPS data and test results for integrity monitoring algorithm development. To verify that the system is implemented based on international standard requirements, this paper represents the basic functional verification test results of the implemented testbed as a GBAS reference station. It compares the IMT generated GBAS message fields with those of PEGASUS, which is a baseline toolset accepted by international GBAS experts, to show the validity of the correction information. It also verifies the integrity and availability of the system through analysis on GBAS user data in the range and position domain.

GBAS 기준국의 코드 반송파 발산 검출성능 평가를 위한 통계시험

윤영선(Youngsun Yun),김주경(Joo Kyoung Kim),조정호(Jeongho Cho),허문범(Moon-Beom Heo),남기욱(Gi-Wook Nam) 한국항공우주학회 2012 韓國航空宇宙學會誌 Vol.40 No.9

GBAS 기반의 정밀 접근 서비스를 제공하기 위해서 항행 서비스 제공 주체는 GBAS 시스템의 성능이 국제 표준에 정의된 요구 조건을 만족하는지를 확인하여 사용 승인을 획득하여야 한다. 특히 항공기 안전에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 무결성 성능의 검증을 위해서는 무결성 위협요인 정의와 검출기법 분석 및 구현된 시스템의 검출성능 평가 등의 작업이 시스템 제작자에 의하여 수행되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 GBAS 무결성 위협요인 중 코드 반송파 발산 현상에 대응하기 위하여 KIMS 소프트웨어에 구현된 검출기법들의 검출 성능 확인 통계시험 결과를 기술한다. 성능 확인을 위하여 개발된 분석 및 통계시험 절차를 소개하며, 절차에 따른 분석 결과 및 시험 시나리오 제작 방법, 수행된 시험의 결과를 분석하였다. 시험 결과 KIMS 소프트웨어에 구현된 검출기법들은 예측된 최소 검출가능 오차와 같은 크기의 발산이 발생하였을 때, 각 기법에 할당된 고장검출실패율 요구 조건을 만족하며 위협요인을 검출해 낼 수 있는 것을 확인하였다. In order to provide precision approach service based on GBAS, air navigation service providers should validate the GBAS system performance against international standard requirements and receive approval. The GBAS manufacturer should define integrity threat, analyze the integrity monitors and evaluate performance of the implemented monitors to verify integrity performance which is critical to the aircraft safety. This paper describes a statistical test result to evaluate performance of the code carrier divegence monitors implemented in KARI Integrity Monitor System software. The paper introduces analysis and test procedure which is developed for the performance evaluation and describes the analysis, the test scenario generation and the test results. The results show that the implemented monitors can detect the expected minimum detectable errors with satisfying the probability of missed detection requirements.

소셜 네트워크에서 프리겔 기반의 효율적인 링크 예측 기법.

윤영선 ( Youngsun Yun ),홍지혜 ( Jihye Hong ),한용구 ( Yongkoo Han ),이영구 ( Young-koo Lee ) 한국정보처리학회 2013 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.20 No.2

링크 예측 기법은 소셜 네트워크 분석 중 한 방법으로서 그래프 내에서 추가적으로 발생하는 링크를 어떻게 예측하여 네트워크에 추가하는 가에 대한 문제이며 소셜 네트워크의 친구 추천 서비스, 상관 관계 분석, 테러리스트 네트워크 모니터링 등 여러 분야에서 사용되고 있다. 그러나 데이터가 대용량화 됨에 따라 모든 데이터를 메모리에 적재하지 못하거나 최단경로 알고리즘의 반복 수행 등 많은 수행시간을 요구하기 때문에 분산 처리 환경이 필요하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 프리겔 기반의 모든 노드들 간의 최단경로를 찾는 알고리즘의 반복 수행을 제거하여 수행속도를 향상시킨다. 다양한 데이터셋에 따른 수행 시간을 측정하여 제안하는 기법의 우수성을 보인다.

주름관에서의 압력강하와 마찰손실 측정에 관한 실험적 연구

윤영선(Youngsun Yun),강준원(Junone Kang),김현정(Hyungjung Kim),유재석(Jaisuk Yoo) 대한기계학회 2006 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2006 No.11

The data for friction factor of the pipe correlated by Reynolds number and relative roughness has been reported well as a Moody chart. However, the results for corrugated shapes have been not investigated sufficiently. In this research, therefore, the pressure drop and friction factor are obtained. Flexible metal tubes with corrugations for the measurement are made of stainless steel plates. The kinds of tubes for the measurement are 5 annular types and helical types. The pressure drop and the velocity of the flow are obtained by micromanometer & digital pressure sensor, supplying a dry air at several steps. Then the pressure drop was calculated for each tube, using the obtained data. The result showed that the pressure drop is strongly influenced by the viscous dissipation of kinetic energy due to the circulation of flows, rather than a viscous friction loss. The pressure drop increased consistently as the Reynolds number increases.