생약재 첨가 사료를 투여한 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)의 비특이적 면역반응, 혈액성분 및 항병력 효과

정승희,이주석,한형균,전창영,이해영 한국어병학회 2002 한국어병학회지 Vol.15 No.1

본 연구는 식물성 생약재의 열수추출이 농도별로 첨가된 사료를 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)에 경구 투여한 다음 비특이적 면역반응 및 질병 저항성의 향상여부를 알아보고자 하였다. 실험에는 약쑥과 삼지구엽초를 7:3(w/w)의 비율로 열추출한 후, 0%, 0.1%, 0.5% 및 1%의 농도로 첨가하여 만든 2종류 혼합생약재(2-혼합구)와 약쑥, 삼지구엽초, 연교, 구절초, 박하, 지유, 삼백초, 상백피, 팔각의 9종류 생약재가 동일한 농도로 열수추출한 후 제작한 9종류 혼합생약재(9-혼합구)를 사용하였다. 이들 농도별 첨가사료를 넙치(평균 10.3±2.5g)에 12주 동안 경구 투여하면서 혈청내 라이소자임 활성, 혈청의 Escherichia coli에 ??살균능력 및 혈액학적 변화를 조사하였다. 그리고 최종 투여 12주 후에 넙치 에드와드병의 원인균 Edwardsiella tarda의 생균 공격실험을 실시하여 상대생존율(RPS)로써 저항성 향상효과를 살펴보았다. 2-혼합구 0.1%는 비특이적 면역활성을 크게 증가시켰으며, 상대생존율이 67%로 높게 나타나 가장 효과적인 질병 저항성 향상효과를 보였다. 따라서 2-혼합구 0.1%는 넙치 체내 비특이적인 면역기구를 자극함으로써 어체의 자연저향성을 증강시켜 세균성 질병의 감염에 대한 방어력을 상당히 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 9-혼합구 0.1% 및 0.5%는 비록 비특이적 면역활성은 증가시키지 못하였으나, 상대생존율은 각각 53%를 나타내어 질병 저항성을 일부 향상시키는 효과가 있었다. Effects of medicinal herb extract on nonspecific immune responses, hematology and disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus were evaluated. Wormwood, Artemisia asiatica NAKAI and barrenwort, Epimedium koreanum NAKAI were mixed at a ratio of 7 : 3 (w/w) for 2-herbs extract and wormwood, barrenwort, Korean forsythia, Forsythia koreana NAKAI, chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum KITAMURA, peppermint, Mentha arvensis L. var, piperascens MALINV., great burnet, Snaguisorba afficinalis L., Lizard tail. Saururus chinensis BAILL., mulberry, Morus alba L., and star anise, Illicium varum HOOK, f, at the same weight for 9-herbs extract. Two-herbs of 9-herbs extract were prepared by heating after adding 10㎖ of distilled water per g of the herb mixtures. Fish (10.3±2.5g) were fed the experimental diets supplemented with the 2-herbs or 9-herbs extract at the different concentrations of 0%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% per kg diet for 12 weeks. Lysozyme and bactericidal activities of serum, and hematological characteristics were examined during experimental period. After feeding test period, all experimental groups were challenged with E. tarda. Lysozyme activity from the fish fed the diet supplemented with 0.1% or 0.5% of 2-herbs extract was significantly higher than the control. But there was no difference both in bactericidal activity and hematology among each group. Sixty seven % of relative percent survival values (RPS) in the group fed the diet supplemented with 0.1% of 2-herbs was higher than the other group and the control. These results suggest that supplenmentation of 0.1% of 2-herbs extract to a commercial diet may enhance disease resistance in olive flounder. Although both 0.1% and 0.5% 9-herbs extract did not improve non-specific immune reponses, they could enhance disease resistance of 53% RPS, respectively.

土壞 및 植物體 중 窒酸態 窒素 簡易測定 方法 探索

鄭英祥,梁在義,韓連奎,崔文憲 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1996 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.-

Feasibility of simple rapid methods to determine nitrate concentration in soil and plant sap in siltu was assessed using Merckoquant strip method and Cardy NO_(3)- sensor. The saturated extract of a soil was sampled readily in field by a simple apparatus which consists of a syringe, a vial and a hand vacuum pump with a vacuum valve. The simple measurement methods for saturated extract were tested for soil samples obtained from the thirty three farm vinyl houses around Chuncheon, Kang-weon-Do and Kuri, Kyeonggi-Do. The methods were tested for soil and plant sap samples grown under different fertilization in a vinyl house at Kangweon National University. The main treatments were with or without organic fertilizer, and subtreatments were four nitrogen levels ; 0, 100, 200 and 400kg/ha for lettuce and 0, 150, 300 and 500k9/ha for cucumber. The Cardy sensor method showed a high confidence for soil and plant sap nitrate measurement. The Merckoquant strip method was also reliable, but checking electrical conductivity was recommended for better reliability. The soil nitrate concentration above 10mmo1/L was not desirable for lettuce yield, and 15mmo1/L for cucumber. The respective electrical conductivities of saturated extracts were 3 to 4ds/m at these concentrations. The soil nitrate concentration could be monitored by Amberlite IRN-150 Resin-bag. A good correlation was obtained between the soil nitrate concentration and the nitrate absorbed by the resin bag. Therefore, use of the resin bag could be recommended to monitor nitrate in soil, minimizing soil destruction.

축구선수의 Detraining과 Retraining이 혈청지질 및 호르몬농도에 미치는 영향

정정화,박재현,채종훈,성혜련,황지인,윤미숙,노금선,윤종관,윤영학,노순덕,정경숙,박일규,김은희,박현태,박상갑 대한스포츠의학회 1999 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of detraining and retraining on serum lipid and hormones in soccer players. Subjects were seven male high-school soccer players. V˙O_2max was determined for each subjects by administering a treadmill test(initial speed: 90m/min, grade: 5%, increasing speed per 3 min: 30m/min). Serum lipid(T-C, TG, HDL-C LDL-C) and hormones(epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormones, cortisol) were assayed pre and post detraining in 10, 20, 30 days after retraining. The repeated ANOVA was used to determine significant differences. The 0.05 level of significance was as critical level for the study. The results of the study were as follows: 1. V˙O_2max(ml/min) were 3576.3±204.2ml/min pre detraining, 3234.1±198.9 ml/min post detraining. There are significant(p<.05) difference between pre and post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, V˙O_2max(ml/min) were 3601.4±170.9 ml/min. There were significantly(p<.05) increased in retraining periods. 2. V˙O_2max(ml/kg/min) were significantly(p<.05) decreased from 62.3±2.9 ml/kg/min to 55.9±4.7 ml/kg/min in detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, V˙O_2max(ml/kg/min) were 62.4±3.4ml/kg/min, 62.7±2.3ml.kg/min, 67.3±7.2ml/kg/min respectively. There were significantly(p<.05) increased in retraining periods. 3. T-C were significantly (p<.05) increased from 166.6±8.5mg/dl to 175.3±10.3 mg/dl in detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, T-C were 160.1± 3.2mg/dl, 156.7±3.7mg/dl, 140.3±9.0mg/dl. There were significantly(p<.05) decreased in retraining periods. 4. HDL-C were 61.4±6.6mg/di pre detraining, 5.3±6.6mg/dl post detraining. There are significant(p<.05) difference between pre and post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, HDL-C were 56.9±7.1mg/dl, 56.4±9.2mg/dl, 57.7±9.1mg/dl respectively. There were no significant difference in retraining periods. 5. The hormones(epinephrine. norepinephrine, growth hormone, cortisol) were changed as same patterns. Epinephrine were 26.0±7.0[g/ml pre detraining, 24.6±3.2pg/ml post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, epinephrine were 26.9±5.6pg/ml, 30.6±6.2pg/ml, 29.4±5.6pg/ml respectively. There were no significant difference in retraining periods. In conclusion, HDL-C, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol were decreased, T-C, LDL-C and TG were increased in detraining. But HDL-C, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol were increased, T-C, LDL-C and TG were decreased in retraining.

학습장애를 가진 초등학교 남학생의 자아상 개념과 우울-불안 특성 조사

신성웅,김봉수,성덕규,정영,유희정,조수철 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2001 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.12 No.1

학습장애를 가진 86명의 초등학교 남학생과 52명의 정상적인 초등학교 남학생의 자아상과 우울,그리고 상태-특성 불안에 관하여 피어스-해리스 자아상 척도, 소아우울척도(이하 CDI), 상태-특성불안 척도(이하 STAI)를 이용하여 조사하였다. 피어스-해리스 자아상 척도의 총점에서는 두 군 사이에 차이가 발견되지 않았으나, 지적 및 학업 상태 항목과 신체적 외모, 행복과 만족 소척도에서는 두 군 사이에 의미 있는 차이가 관찰되었다. 소아우울척토의 총점과 그 소척도 중 부적합함, 무쾌감증, 부정적인 자기 존중 항목에서 학습장애 아동이 정상 아동보다 더 높은 점수를 나타내었다. 상태불안은 정상 아동보다 학습장애 아동에서 높게 보고되었으나 특성 불안에 대해서는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 정상 아동에서는 나이에 따른 자아상과 우울척도, 불안척도의 의리 있는 변화가 관찰되지 않았으나, 학습장애 아동에서는 피어스-해리스 자아상 척도와 그 소척도의 대부분이 통계적으로 의미 있게 감소하였고, 소아우울척도의 부정적 감정과 무쾌감증, 부정적 자기 평가, 상태 불안, 특성 불안 등은 연령과 의미 있는 양의 상관관계를 나타내어서 학년이 올라갈수록 자아상은 저하되고 우울과 불만은 느끼는 강도와 범위가 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 두 군 모두에서 소아우울척도는 피어스-해리스 자아상 척도의 총점과 그 소척도들과 의미 있는 역의 상관관계를 나타내었고, 상태불안과 특성불안과는 정의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 조사 결과 학업과 관련된 자아상의 문제와 자신이 남들과 당당히 맞설 수 있는 자신감의 문제가 학습장애에서 더 많이 나타났고, 나이가 들수록 자아상이 저하되며 불안과 우울은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 회귀분석 결과 학습장애 아동의 자아상을 설명하는 변수들로는 나이와 자아상 척도의 행동문제, 지적 및 학업상태, 불안, 인기도, 행동과 만족, 그리고 소아우울척도의 부적합함, 대인관계문제, 부정적 자기-존중 및 상태 불안인 것으로 드러나서 학습 장애 아동의 자아상은 학업 문제와 자신을 또래와 비교하여 겪는 스트레스로 인해 부정적인 영향을 받는다는 것이 확인되었다. 결론적으로 학습장애를 가진 초등학교 남학생은 정상 초등학교 남학생보다 자아상이 낮고 우울과 불안을 더 많이 느끼며, 이런 차이는 학년이 올라갈수록 커졌다. 학습장애에서 우울증과 불안 장애가 많이 동반되기 때문에 임상에서 학습장애 아동을 치료할 때 정서 장애의 동반 여부를 확인하고 이를 적극적으로 치료하는 것이 중요한 과제이다. 중심단어 : 학습장애 ㆍ 자아상 ㆍ 상태-특성 불안 ㆍ우울증. We investigated the self-concept, subjective depression, and state-trait anxiety of the school boys with learning disabilities (abbr. LD, n=86) and compared them with normal boys (n=52) using Piers-Harris Self-Concept Inventory, Child Depression Inventory (abbr. CDI), and State-Trait Anxiety In-ventory (abbr. STAI). With regard to Piers-Harris Self-Concept Inventory total scores, there was no significant difference between two groups, but normal boys showed higher scores in intellectual and school status, physical appearance, and happiness-satisfaction subscales than patients with LD. The male patients with LD showed significantly higher ratings in CDI total scores, and CDI subscales - ineffectiveness, anhedonia, negative self-esteem than normal children. The patients with LD reported significantly higher state anxiety, but not trait anxiety. Correlation analyses revealed that self-concept decreased over time, and depression-anxiety increased across grades in the patients with LD, but not in normal children. Especially, negative mood, anhedonia, negative self-esteem subscales of CDI, and state-trait anxiety showed significant positive correlation with grades. In both groups, CDI scores were inversely correlated with Piers-Harris Self-Concept and positively with State-Trait anxiety. In conclusion, self-concept problems which were related with school achi-evement and self-esteem were more abundant in the patients with LD than normal children, self-image problem, depression and anxiety increased across grades. According to regression analysis, age, behavior subscale, intellectual - school status, anxiety, popularity, happiness- satisfaction, CDI-ineffectiveness, interpersonal problem, negative self-esteem, and state anxiety could explain the self-concept in the patients with LD, not in normal children. So, the self-concept of the patients with LD were found to be related to the school achievement and stress when comparing with peers. In conclusion, elementary school boys with LD showed lower self-concept, higher depression and anxiety, and these differences increased across grades. Since the patients with LD have concomitant depression and anxiety disorders, it is important that comorbidity with emotional problems should be explored and managed properly. KEY WORDS : Learning disability ㆍ Self-concept State ㆍ trait anxiety ㆍ Depression.

소학교령기(1895-1905) 관·공립소학교교육의 성격에 대한 고찰

이성은,김정효,정희숙,이해지,허선영 한국초등교육학회 2004 초등교육연구 Vol.17 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 국가 주도의 기초 공교육의 효시가 된 소학교령기(1895-1905) 관, 공립소학교교육의 성격을 탐구함으로써, 우리나라 초등교육기원에서 보여지는 특성을 재조명하려는 데에 있다. 이를 위해 소학교령기의 사회적 상황과 교육적 요구, 초등학교의 교육목적, 교육내용 및 방법, 학습자계층과 교원양성과 처우에 대해 알아봄으로써, 당시 초등학교교육의 성격이 어떠했는지 규명하였다. 연구결과, 이 당시 관, 공립소학교는 사회 통합적이라기보다는 구국적 국민계몽교육의 성격을 띠었으며, 보편적 아동교육 이라기보다는 혁신적 근대교육을 상징하였고, 현실안주적 보통교육 이라기보다는 미래지향적 교육의 성격을 띠었다. 결론적으로 다양한 시대상황적 한계에도 불구하고 교육개혁의 의지는 대단하였던 것으로 평가되어졌다. The purpose of this study was to search for the nature of public primary school education in beginning period Enlightenment in Korea(1895-1905) in terms of the aims, the educational contents and methods, and the learner and teacher. For the purpose, the contemporary governmental documents, the newspapers, and other historic materials were collected and analyzed and the school sites were visited. The nature of public primary school education in beginning period of Enlightenment, was revealed as follows: First, it was not for the social consensus, but for the enlightenment of the people against nationalism. Second, it was not universal child education, but innovational elite education, Third, it did reflect not the present need, but the future need. In conclusion, it can be said that their intention of establishment of modem primary school has been underestimated and that their effort for educational reform should be reevaluated. But the research result suggests that public primary school education needs the balance not only between national needs and individual needs, but also between present needs and the future need.

석면폐증 1례

이영수,장태원,유호대,정만홍,이용환,서지영,허 방,이재성 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.1

Asbestosis is the disease of pulmonary fibrosis caused by the inhaled asbestos fibers, and could be diagnosed clinically, in the case of exposure history to asbestos is proved, by clinical symptoms of dyspnea or dry cough, physical examonation findings, and the radiographic features. But many othder inorganic dusts would show similar findings in the chest radiogram and sometimes the exposure history is obscure, so for the exact diagnosis of asbestosis lung biopsy is needed. In Korea, there have been some reports of survey in the workplace where asbestos is handled or of asbestos related diseases. This is a case report of asbestosis with accompanying pleural plaques, who had the occupational exposure to asbestos for 30 years and the consistent clinical, radiographic and pathological findings in the lung tissue obtained by the videoscope assisted thoracoscopic biopsy(VATS).

어린이 김치 표준화에 대한 연구 : 어린이 김치에 적합한 고추가루 The Proper Red Pepper Powder for Children's Kimchi

송영옥,빈성미,문정원 부산대학교 김치연구소 1996 김치의 과학과 기술 Vol.2 No.-

This study is a continuous work for the standardization of children's kimchi preparation. In order to find out the proper red pepper powder for children's kimchi, four kinds of red pepper powder(A, B, C, D) sold in Kyungsang province were used as samples. The proximate composition, color value, capsaicinoids concentration and sugar content in four kinds of the red pepper powder were determined, and sensory evaluation of kimchi prepared with those was carried out for different fermentation times. Moisture contents of red pepper powder A, B, C and D were in the range of 11.59∼13.48%. Lipid and ash contents of samples were in the range of 7.59∼8.39% and 4.34∼7.45%, respectively. In comparision of color values measured by a Hunter colorimeter, red pepper powder A showed the highest value for a and b values. Also A showed the brightest color as measured in ASTA color and L value. Capsaicin concentration of D and dihydrocapsaicin concentration of C were found to be the highest among the samples. The capsaicin equivalent was in the order of D>C>A>B. The content of total sugar was in the order of B>A>D>C. In the sensory evaluation of children's kimchi prepared with four kinds of red pepper powder, the color and total acceptability of kimchi prepared with A were found to be the best. The results of sensory evaluation between kimchi prepared with A and school supplied kimchi showed that the former was better. And the composition of A red pepper powder was as follows: capsaicin equivalent 24.15㎎%, total sugar content 15.79% and ASTA color value 178.2.

치과용 자성재의 안정성 개선에 관한 연구 : I. 치과용 자성재의 전기화학적 부식에 대한 스퍼터링 도금의 효과 I. Effects of Sputtered Film Deposition on the Electrochemical Corrosion of Dental Magnetic Materials

고영무,최한철,정재헌,정효수,최성욱 대한치과기재학회 1999 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.26 No.4

In order to investigate the various properties of dental magnetic materials studies on corrosion behavior, decreasing rate of magnetic flux density, amount of elements released, mean average surface roughness values and the changing of mean surface microhardness values for dental application were done. To increasing the corrosion resistance of dental magnetic materials, surfaces of Sm-Co and Nd-Fe-B based magnetic materials were plated with gold(Au), platinum(Pt), titanium(Ti), chromium(Cr) and cobalt(Co), and then electrochemical corrosion test were performed in 4 kinds of electrolyte solution(0.9% NaCl, 1% lactic acid, 0.05% HCl and modified Fusayama's artificial saliva). The results were as follows: 1. In Sm-Co and Nd-Fe-B based magnetic materials, the pitting corrosion of experimental group was higher than that of the control group, the experimental group was less corrosive than control hroup. 2. The amount of elements released from experimental group was more significantly decreased than that of control group. 3. Decreasing rate of magnetic flux density of experimental groups was significantly lower than that of control group after corrosion test. 4. The mean average surface roughness value of one(Sm-Co based magnetic materials not plated) of the control group was much increased in modified Fusayama's artificial saliva after first corrosion but that of the other(Nd-Fe-B based magnetic materials not plated) was much increased in 0.05% HCl solution. 5. The decreasing rate of surface microhardness values of experimental groups were lower than that of control group after corrosion, 6. Intergranular corrosion started first from the grain boundary of the control group and they advanced gradually to general corrosion, and the pitting corrosion occurred locally at area of existing pits in experimental group.

황 첨착 활성탄에 의한 구리제거

김영환,박정훈,김정섭,유현철,이봉섭,곽명화,우성훈,박승조 東亞大學校 環境問題硏究所 2005 硏究報告 Vol.27 No.1

This study was carried out to remove copper ion in case of activated carbon impregnated sulphur(ACS) dose and different pH using activated carbon impregnated sulphur that prepared from activated carbon at sulphur dioxide atmosphere. Removal copper ion concentration was increased as increasing the ACS dose when copper ion concentration was 10 mg/L. Optimum dose of ACS 13.3 g ACS/L and maximum removal efficiency was 93%. The results obtained from adsorption experiment in the condition of ACS optimum dose when the pH was 3, 4, 5 respectively was pH 5 was excellent.

DESMOPLASTIC AMELOBLASTOMA의 치험 1례

김성국,신홍인,박희경,장현중,김영미,김진수 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1996 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.18 No.1

Ameloblastomas are benign epithelial neoplasm of the jaw comprising approximately 1-3.3% of all odontogenic cysts and tumors. Although most are microscopically benign, they are generally considered to be locally aggressive and destructive, exhibiting a high rate of recurrence. Treatments of them contain the conservative treatments on unilocular types and radical treatments on multilocular types. Classifications based on the histologic features of ameloblastoma generally included the follicular, plexiform, acanthomatous, basal cell, uncystic types. However, recantly a new and unusual variant has been added by Eversole et. al in 1984, the histologic features of which are characterized by marked stromal desmoplastic proliferation. This is a case report of desmoplastic ameloblastoma in the anterior maxilla of 63 year-old female treated by block excision. THis provides a brief review of the literature because of the rarity and unusual radiographic-histologic features of desmoplastic ameloblastoma.