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노치권(외 6명) 신라대학교 자연과학연구소 2012 自然科學論文集 Vol.22 No.-
To study fauna of Silla University located in Mt. Baek-yang, we conducted six surveys from 29 May 2011 to 28 April 2012. We found five phyla 41 orders 197 species of animals inhabiting in this area: four phyla 27 orders 163 species of invertebrates and in vertebrates one order six species of fishes, three orders nine species of amphibians and reptiles, six orders 14 species of aves, and four orders five species of mammals. Of these species, some Korean endemic species were included: a fish of Rhodeus uyekii in a pond near main gate of this university, a frog of Rana coreana in a creek near a dormitory, and a rabbit of Lepus coreanus and a water deer of Hydropotes inermis in a grass region near a main stadium. A kind of hawk, Falco tinnunculus as a natural monument (animal) of no. 323-8, was observed on a building of medical and life science. A blue frog of Hyla japonica as a variation was found near a spring resort. Therefore, this area is considered an ecologically important area having a high animal diversity.
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Evaluation of neck injury on occupants in low speed rear-end collision with braking system
Han A Lee,Dong Hyun Kim,Dong Hyun Hwang,Ye Eun Song,Dae Eun Kim,Seo Hyun Kim,Lee Yong Song,Dohyung Lim,Han Sung Kim 대한인간공학회 2015 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.10
Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the braking system, which affects neck of occupants directly and vehicle kinematics refers to low speed rear-end collision. Background: Since whiplash injury is the most significant injury caused by low speed rear-end collision, we particularly examined the incidence of injury in the neck when the collision happens. Although many research have previously analyzed degree of injury occurred in various collision, which were either presence or absence of seat belt, seatback angle etc., research about the influence of braking system in collision is limited. Therefore, we focused on the influence of braking system to drivers, particularly their neck, when low speed rear-end collision happens. Method: Experiments were conducted using a sled which was simulated the low speed rear-end collision. Eleven male volunteers (average age: 25.0±1.7years; height: 173.3±2.5cm; weight: 70.1±2.9kg) participated in the experiment. Two conditions were given: 1) unaware occupant without braking, 2) unaware occupant with braking. The 3D motion captured data were collected from the results of dynamic sled tests and analyzed by calculating effective impact speed and two criteria of neck injury which include neck injury criteria (NIC), shear and tensile force on the occipital condyle. Results: The average peak effective impact speed increased in collision without the braking system as compared with the braking system (P<0.005). However, the NIC peaks showed no significant differences between with and without the braking system. The shear and tensile force on the occipital condyle increased during collision with the braking system as compared without the braking system. Conclusion: When low speed rear-end collision happened, both shear force and tensile force were measured significantly higher when a braking system was activated. Also effective impact speed, which relates to the incidence of injury, tended to be higher when a braking system was activated. These results reveal that both the braking system and vehicle kinematics are considerable factors affecting neck injury of occupants when low speed rear-end collision happens.
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0.35 um CMOS 공정을 이용한 플라이백 컨버터용 피크검출기의 집적회로 설계
한예지(Ye-Ji Han),송한정(Han-Jung Song) 한국산학기술학회 2016 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.17 No.7
본 논문에서는 플라이백 DC-DC 컨버터에 사용되는 출력전압 정보를 보다 정확하게 감지하는 피크검출기를 집적회 로로 설계하였다. 제안하는 피크검출기의 회로는 하나의 op-amp와 세 개의 트랜지스터로 이루어져 있다. 제안하는 회로는 단순한 구조로 이루어져 있기 때문에 제안하는 회로는 출력전압을 감지하는 과정에서 지연시간을 최소화 할 수 있다. 회로에 서 op-amp와 몇 개의 트랜지스터를 사용함으로써, 제안하는 피크검출기가 종래의 커패시터와 다이오드로 설계된 피크검출기 를 대신해 칩의 집적화가 가능해지고, 플라이백 컨버터의 모듈을 구성하는 소자가 트랜지스터로 대체되고 칩의 면적이 줄어 들어 가격을 줄일 수 있다. 제안하는 회로는 0.35 um CMOS 공정을 이용하여 칩으로 제작하여 측정하였고, 칩 측정결과 모의실험결과와 잘 일치함을 보였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 사인파의 입력신호를 출력신호가 최대 0.3 ∼ 3.1 %의 오차 범위 내에 서 피크전압을 유지하는 것을 확인하였다. 칩 측정결과 모의실험결과와 잘 일치함을 보였다. 제안하는 회로의 결과를 통하여 종래의 피크검출기 회로의 좋지 않은 레귤레이션을 향상시키기 위하여 높은 플라이백 컨버터의 동작을 보일 수 있다. 플라이 백 컨버터의 출력전압을 정확하게 감지하여 안정적인 컨버터 동작을 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. In this paper, a high-precision peak detector circuit that detects the output voltage information of a fly-back converter is proposed. The proposed design consists of basic analog elements with only one operational amplifier and three transistors. Because of its simple structure, the proposed circuit can minimize the delay time of the detection process, which has a strong impact on the precision of the regulation aspect of the fly-back converter. Furthermore, by using an amplifier and several transistors, the proposed detector can be fully integrated on-chip, instead of using discrete circuit elements, such as capacitors and diodes, as in conventional designs, which reduces the production cost of the fly-back converter module. In order to verify the performance of the proposed scheme, the peak detector was simulated and implemented by using a 0.35 m MagnaChip process. The gained results from the simulation with a sinusoidal stimulus signal show a very small detection error in the range of 0.3∼3.1%, which is much lower than other reported detecting circuits. The measured results from the fabricated chip confirm the simulation results. As a result, the proposed peak detector is recommended for designs of high-performance fly-back converters in order to improve the poor regulation aspect seen in conventional designs.
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( Joo Han Song ),( Korean Interstitial Lung Diseases Research Group ),( Kyung Soo Chung ),( Song Yee Kim ),( Eun Young Kim ),( Ji Ye Jung ),( Young Ae Kang ),( Young Sam Kim ),( Se Kyu Kim ),( Joon Ch 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease characterized by abnormal accumulation of lipoproteinaceous material within the alveoli. This study aims to compare clinical and laboratory features and therapeutic approach of PAP over the years. Methods: A total of 78 patients with PAP from 13 university hospitals registered in Korean Interstitial Lung Disease Research Group were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups, based on the year of diagnosis: group A withpatients diagnosed from 1993 to 2007 (n= 41) and group B diagnosed from 2008 to 2013 (n = 37). We compared group A and B using the data on demographics, smoking status, diagnostic methods, symptom at presentation, pulmonary function tests, and occupation and exposed dusts. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 41 years (range, 15-81) in group A and 48 years (range, 15-68) in group B (p=0.349). Male to female ratio was similar. In recent years, less number of patients received BAL and/or TBLB (90.2% vs 75.7%; p=0.085), while surgical lung biopsy (SLB) was performed in similar numbers (43.9% vs 45.9%; p=0.856). Although not significant, the incidence of PAP in never smoker was increased after 2008. A history of dust exposure was seen in 43.6% (39.0% vs. 48.6%; p=0.392). Thirty-five (44.9%) patients underwent whole lung lavage (WLL), which was used less in recent years (58.5% vs. 29.7%; p=0.011). Oxygenation (PaO2: n=23, p=0.016; DLco: n=13, p=0.089) markedly improved after WLL. Anti-GM CSF antibody treatment was used for 1 patient in group A (2.4%) and 3 patients in group B (8.1%; p=0.341). Overall survival was 96% (n=75). Conclusions: PAP is increasing in Korea. Dust exposure seems an important predisposingfactor. WLL is a safe procedure and yields dramatic improvements in oxygenation in PAP.
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( Myungjin Song ),( Jisoo Choi ),( Bora Yoon ),( Ah Young Leem ),( Joo Han Song ),( Song Yee Kim ),( Eun Young Kim ),( Ji Ye Jung ),( Young Sam Kim ),( Se Kyu Kim ),( Joon Chang ),( Moo Suk Park ) 대한내과학회 2016 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1
Purpose:?The aims of this study were to assess frequency of stress induced cardiomyopathy (SCMP) and predictors for incidence of SCMP in patients who admitted to medical ICU. We also explored the predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with SCMP.?Method:?It is a retrospective cohort study. A total of 338 patients admitted to medical ICU and underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) between January 2015 and December 2015 were enrolled. Definition of SCMP was defines as follows: 1) transient hypokinesis, akinesis of the left ventricular mid segments with or without apical involvement or the regional wall motion abnormalities extend beyond a single epicardial vascular distribution; 2) absence of obstructive coronary disease; 3) new EKG abnormalities or modest elevation in cardiac troponin; 4) absence of pheochromocytoma, myocarditis. Logistic regression model was used to analysis predictors for incidence of SCMP and predictors of in-hospital mortality in SCMP respectively. Cox regression model was used to analysis the influence of SCMP to mortality.?Results:?Of the 338 patients, SCMP was observed in 42 patients (12.4%). Compared to 296 patients without SCMP, patients with SCMP had lower frequency of DM (19% vs 29.2%, p=0.01), COPD (4.8% vs 16.9%, p=0.04) and higher prevalence of using mechanical ventilator (MV, 90.5% vs 71.9%, p=0.03), and lower ejection fraction (EF, 38.0±15.6 vs 61.7±11.8, p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, lower BMI (odd ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.99; p=0.04) and lower EF (odd ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.92; p<0.01) were associated with development of SCMP. In a Cox regression model adjusted with several confounders (age, DM, malignancy, liver cirrhosis, shock, acute kidney injury, use of MV) SCMP showed trend to increase of 60-day mortality (p=0.052). Among 42 patients with SCMP, acute kidney injury(AKI) was the only risk factor for predicting in-hospital mortality (odd ratio, 8.19; 95% CI, 1.35 to 47.75; p=0.02).?Conclusions:?Our study showed that prevalence of SCMP was 12.4% and trend to increase of 60-day mortality of critically ill patients. In patients with SCMP, AKI was the only risk factor for predicting in-hospital mortality.
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( Joo Han Song ),( Song Yee Kim ),( Kyung Soo Chung ),( Eun Young Kim ),( Ji Ye Jung ),( Young Ae Kang ),( Moo Suk Park ),( Young Sam Kim ),( Se Kyu Kim ),( Joon Chang ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2013 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.116 No.0
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine cut-off value for forced expiratory volume in one second/forced expiratory volume in six second (FEV1/FEV6) as an alternative for FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) in the detection of airway obstruction. Methods: In this study, spirometric examinations which took place during fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES V) were used. The pre-bronchodilator data from subjects who performed spirometry adequately aged above 40 years were analysed. Receiver operator characteristic(ROC) curves were used to determine the FEV1/FEV6 ratio that corresponded to the optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity. Results: Total 5,956 spirometry data were included in this study. Among them 2,623 were male and 3,333 were female. The data from the this study indicate that FEV1/FEV6 <75% can be used as a valid alternative for the FEV1/FVC <70% cut-off points for the detection of airway obstruction. The statistical analysis demonstrated very good agreement between the two criteria. For the diagnosis of airflow limitation, new criteria of FEV1/FEV6 sensitivity and specificity were 94.4 and 95.9%, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that forced expiratory volume in one second/forced expiratory volume in six seconds <75% can be used as valid alternatives to forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity <70% as fixed cut-off point for the detection of an obstructive spirometric pattern in Korean adults above 40 years old.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine cut-off value for forced expiratory volume in one second/forced expiratory volume in six second (FEV1/FEV6) as an alternative for FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) in the detection of airway obstruction. Methods: In this study, spirometric examinations which took place during fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES V) were used. The pre-bronchodilator data from subjects who performed spirometry adequately aged above 40 years were analysed. Receiver operator characteristic(ROC) curves were used to determine the FEV1/FEV6 ratio that corresponded to the optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity. Results: Total 5,956 spirometry data were included in this study. Among them 2,623 were male and 3,333 were female. The data from the this study indicate that FEV1/FEV6 <75% can be used as a valid alternative for the FEV1/FVC <70% cut-off points for the detection of airway obstruction. The statistical analysis demonstrated very good agreement between the two criteria. For the diagnosis of airflow limitation, new criteria of FEV1/FEV6 sensitivity and specificity were 94.4 and 95.9%, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that forced expiratory volume in one second/forced expiratory volume in six seconds <75% can be used as valid alternatives to forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity <70% as fixed cut-off point for the detection of an obstructive spirometric pattern in Korean adults above 40 years old.
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( Joo Han Song ),( Ho Sun Lee ),( Song Yee Kim ),( Kyung Soo Chung ),( Eun Young Kim ),( Ji Ye Jung ),( Young Ae Kang ),( Moo Suk Park ),( Young Sam Kim ),( Se Kyu Kim ),( Joon Chang ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2013 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.116 No.-
Backgrounds: Protein loss in critically ill patients correlates with morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the effects of protein provision on the clinical outcome in medical ICU. Methods: A total 236 adult patients with mechanical ventilation (MV) admitted to ICU of university hospital between January 2012 and July 2013 were included in this study. Patients with serum creatinine of >2.0 mg/dl and ICU admission duration of <3 days were excluded. Median age and body mass index (BMI) were 67 years and 22.1 kg/m2. Daily protein or energy requirements and the actual amounts prescribed were measured for 10 consecutive days from ICU admission. Results: Measured nitrogen balance within 3 days of ICU admission was -6.6 g/day (-28.2-10.3). Delivered energy and protein were 18.28 kcal/kg/day (4.73-37.25) and 0.76 g/kg/day (0.03-1.66), respectively, during ICU admission. The 28-day mortality using the Cox proportional hazard model showed a significantly decreased hazard ratio of death with increased protein provision (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.35, p=0.021) and APACHE II score >20 (HR 1.90, p=0.033) with the adjustment by age and BMI. Similar finding was observed in the 60-day mortality. Also, more patients with protein provision >0.7 g/kg/day weaned MV within 14 days of admission (p=0.035). Conclusion: In severely critical ill patients, increased provision of protein was associated with lower mortality rates by day 28 and 60 from ICU admission. Therefore, optimal protein provision in the early period of ICU care may improve clinical outcomes.Backgrounds: Protein loss in critically ill patients correlates with morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the effects of protein provision on the clinical outcome in medical ICU. Methods: A total 236 adult patients with mechanical ventilation (MV) admitted to ICU of university hospital between January 2012 and July 2013 were included in this study. Patients with serum creatinine of >2.0 mg/dl and ICU admission duration of <3 days were excluded. Median age and body mass index (BMI) were 67 years and 22.1 kg/m2. Daily protein or energy requirements and the actual amounts prescribed were measured for 10 consecutive days from ICU admission. Results: Measured nitrogen balance within 3 days of ICU admission was -6.6 g/day (-28.2-10.3). Delivered energy and protein were 18.28 kcal/kg/day (4.73-37.25) and 0.76 g/kg/day (0.03-1.66), respectively, during ICU admission. The 28-day mortality using the Cox proportional hazard model showed a significantly decreased hazard ratio of death with increased protein provision (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.35, p=0.021) and APACHE II score >20 (HR 1.90, p=0.033) with the adjustment by age and BMI. Similar finding was observed in the 60-day mortality. Also, more patients with protein provision >0.7 g/kg/day weaned MV within 14 days of admission (p=0.035). Conclusion: In severely critical ill patients, increased provision of protein was associated with lower mortality rates by day 28 and 60 from ICU admission. Therefore, optimal protein provision in the early period of ICU care may improve clinical outcomes.
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