C++ 컴파일러에서 중간코드의 검증과 분석을 위한 역컴파일러의 설계 및 구현

배성균 ( Sung-kyun Bae ),김영근 ( Young-keun Kim ),이양선 ( Yang-sun Lee ) 한국정보처리학회 2006 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.13 No.1

C++ 언어는 객체지향 프로그래밍 언어로, 기존의 C++ 프로그램은 각각의 플랫폼에 따른 컴파일러를 통해 목적기계의 코드(object code)로 변환되므로 실행되는 플랫폼에 의존적인 단점이 있다. 이러한 단점을 보완하는 방법으로 스택기반의 가상기계와 가상기계의 입력형태인 중간코드를 이용하는 기법이 있다. EVM(Embedded Virtual Machine)은 ANSI C, ISO/IEC C++ 언어와 SUN사의 Java 언어 등을 모두 수용할 수 있는 임베디드 시스템 기반의 가상기계이며, EVM에서 실행되는 중간코드인 SIL(Standard Intermediate Language)은 객체지향 언어와 순차적인 언어를 모두 수용하기 위한 명령코드의 집합으로 설계되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 C++ 컴파일러를 통해 생성된 SIL 코드가 올바른지 검증하고 원시코드의 분석을 용이하게 하기 위해서 SIL 코드를 어셈블리 코드와 유사한 형태의 재 표현된 C++ 프로그램으로 역컴파일하는 시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다.

객체지향 C++ 컴파일러에서 가상기계 코드의 실행과 분석을 위한 역컴파일러의 설계 및 구현

배성균(Sung-Kyun Bae),김영근(Young-Keun Kim),권혁주(Hyeok-Ju Kwon),이양선(Yang-Sun Lee) 한국멀티미디어학회 2006 한국멀티미디어학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2006 No.1

EVM(Embedded Virtual Machine) 은 ISO/IEC C++ 와 SUN사의 Java 등의 객체지향 언어를 수용할 수 있는 임베디드 가상기계 솔루션이며, SIL(Standard Intermediate Language)은 EVM의 종간언어로 객체치향 언어와 순차적인 언어를 위한 연산 코드 집합을 갖고 있다. 기존의 객체지향 C++ 컴파일러는 C++ 프로그램을 목적기계의 코드로 변환하여 실행한다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 연구팀은 EVM을 개발하면서 목적기계의 코드가 아닌 플랫폼에 독립적인 스택기반의 가상기계 코드를 생성하는 C++ 컴파일러를 개발하였다. 본 논문에서는 C++ 컴파일러가 생성한 중간 언어인 SIL 코브를 3-주소 코브 형태의 재 표현된 C++ 프로그램으로 변환하는 역컴파일러(Decompiler) 시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다. 역컴파일러가 생성한 C++ 프로그램의 실행을 통해 SIL 코드가 올바르게 생성되었는지를 확인할 수 있으며, 최적화된 SIL 코드의 생성을 위한 시뮬레이션을 제공한다. 또한 프로그램에 담겨진 의미를 어셈블리 형태를 지닌 SIL 코브에 비해 소스 레벨로 쉽게 분석할 수 있다는 장점이 있다.

악성흑색점흑색종 19예에 대한 임상 및 병리 조직학적 연구

홍원진 ( Won Jin Hong ),장홍선 ( Hong Sun Jang ),이상희 ( Sang Hee Lee ),이상은 ( Sang Eun Lee ),정기양 ( Kee Yang Chung ),노미령 ( Mi Ryung Roh ) 대한피부과학회 2016 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.54 No.10

Background: Lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) is a subtype of melanoma that typically develops on sun-damaged skin. LMM is estimated to comprise 4∼15% of melanomas, but the prevalence is known to be relatively lower in the Korean population than in the Caucasian population. Objective: To review the clinico-pathologic features and treatment outcomes of Korean patients with LMM. Methods: Nineteen patients diagnosed with LMM during 2003∼2015, in the Yonsei University Health System, were included in this study. The age and sex of the patients, lesion location, thickness (Breslow), stage, treatment methods, BRAF, NRAS, and KIT mutation status, and survival rates were analyzed. Results: Among the 19 Korean patients, 11 were male and 8 were female. The median age was 59.2 years. The most common site was the cheek (47.4%), followed by the scalp, eyelid, nose, forehead, lip, and neck. At the time of diagnosis, 13 patients were in localized stages (5 patients, stage 0; 3 patients, stage I; and 5 patients, stage II) and 6 patients were in advanced stages (3 patients, stage III; and 3 patients, stage IV). Patients in the localized stages showed better overall survival (OS) than those in the advanced stages (p=0.012). Nine patients were treated with a wide excision, and 6 using Mohs micrographic surgery. Three patients received high-dose interferon-α therapy; 6, chemotherapy; and 4, radiotherapy. Two patients in stage 0 were treated with topical ingenol mebutate. Two patients had BRAF V600E mutation; 1, NRAS G12R mutation; and 1, KIT mutation. Median OS of the patients was 40.8 months. Conclusion: Our analysis provides additional information about clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of LMM in Korean patients. (Korean J Dermatol 2016;54(10):769∼775)

Experimental and Numerical Study on Slamming Impact

Sun Hong Kwon,Young Jun Yang,Hee Sung Lee 한국해양공학회 2013 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.27 No.1

This paper presents the results of experimental and numerical research on the slamming phenomenon. Two experimental techniques were proposed in this study. The traditional free drop tests were carried out. However, the free drop tests done in this study using an LM guide showed excellent repeatability, unlike those of other researchers. The coefficients of variation for the drop test done in this experiment were less than 0.1. The other experimental technique proposed in this study was a novel concept that used a pneumatic cylinder. The pneumatic cylinder could accelerate the specimen over a very short distance from the free surface. As a result, high rates of repeatability were achieved. In the numerical study, the development of in-house code and utilization of commercial code were carried out. The in-house code developed was based on the boundary element method. It is a potential code. This was mostly applied to the computation of the wedge entry problem. The commercial code utilized was FLUENT. Most of the previous slamming research was done under the assumption of a constant body velocity all through the impact process, which is not realistic at all. However, the interaction of a fluid and body were taken into account by employing a user-defined function in this study. The experimental and numerical results were compared. The in-house code based on BEM showed better agreement than that of the FLUENT computation when it cames to the wedge computation. However, the FLUENT proved that it could deal with a very complex geometry while BEM could not. The proposed experimental and numerical procedures were shown to be very promising tools for dealing with slamming problems.

HBV : Serial Changes in Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein Levels before and after Entecavir Therapy in Nucleoside-Na?ve Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

( Sung Wook Yang ),( Jung Wha Chung ),( Sang Soo Lee ),( Sukho Hong ),( Seong Min Chung ),( Eun Sun Jang ),( Jin Wook Kim ),( Sook Hyang Jeong ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1

Background: Serum level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) can elevate in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) without evidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the response of AFP levels to oral nucleos(t)ide analog is not elucidated yet. In this study, we retrospectively assessed the prevalence of high serum AFP levels in CHB patients who were treated with entecavir (ETV), and patterns of AFP changes during the entecavir therapy. Methods: A total of 110 CHB patients who started ETV as an initial antiviral therapy were enrolled in this retrospective study. Pre-treatment clinical , biochemical and virologic parameters were evaluated in relation to the serial AFP levels. Results: The mean baseline AFP value was 41.2 ng/dL. Before ETV therapy (range: 1.3-840 ng/dL). Among the 110 patients, fourty-six (41.8%) showed high pre-treatment AFP values (>10 ng/dl). In the high AFP group, Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, albumin and prothrombin time (PT) were significantly higher compared to normal AFP group (P=0.021, 0.005, 0.000, 0.001 and 0.004, respective). Only baseline albumin level was significant predictor of high AFP level in multivariate logistic regression analysis (P=0.043, HR=0.00). In high AFP group, The cumulative normalization rates of AFP levels were 26.1%, 73.9% and 91.3% at 18, 36 and 72 weeks, respectively. Serum DNA level was significantly correlated to the time to AFP normalization in a Kaplan-Meier analysis (P=0.039). Conclusions: AFP frequently elevates in CHB patients who undergoes oral nucleoside analog therapy, and baseline albumin level was significantly associated with high AFP level. Normalization of AFP is delayed and about 1/3 shows high AFP levels up to 3 years of ETV therapy. Baseline DNA level was associated with delayed AFP normalization after ETV therapy.

Hydrogen Plasma Characteristics for Photoresist Stripping Process in a Cylindrical Inductively Coupled Plasma

Yang, Seung-Kook,Cho, Jung Hee,Lee, Seong-Wook,Lee, Chang-Won,Park, Sang-Jong,Chae, Hee-Sun The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2013 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.13 No.4

As the feature size of integrated circuits continues to decrease, the challenge of achieving an oxidation-free exposed layer after photoresist (PR) stripping is becoming a critical issue for semiconductor device fabrication. In this article, the hydrogen plasma characteristics in direct plasma and the PR stripping rate in remote plasma were studied using a $120{\Phi}$ cylindrical inductively coupled plasma source. E mode, H mode and E-H mode transitions were observed, which were defined by matching the $V_{rms}$ and total impedance. In addition, the dependence of the E-H mode transition on pressure was examined and the corresponding plasma instability regions were identified. The plasma density and electron temperature increased gradually under the same process conditions. In contrast, the PR stripping rate decreased with increasing proportion of $H_2$ gas in mixed $H_2/N_2$ plasma. The decrease in concentration of reactive radicals for the removal of PR with increasing $H_2$ gas flow rate suggests that NH radicals have a dominant effect as the main volatile product.

δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, N concentration, C/N, and Ca/Al of <i>Pinus densiflora</i> foliage in Korean cities of different precipitation pH and atmospheric NO₂ and SO₂ levels

Yang, Hye In,Park, Hyun-Jin,Lee, Kwang-Seung,Lim, Sang-Sun,Kwak, Jin-Hyeob,Lee, Seung-Il,Chang, Scott X.,Lee, Sang-Mo,Choi, Woo-Jung Elsevier 2018 Ecological Indicators Vol.88 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Forest decline due to atmospheric pollution is a consequence of long-term chronic exposure, and thus chemical proxies that are sensitive to the pollution are helpful in estimating the impact of atmospheric pollution on forest health. In this study, we explored changes in the isotopic and elemental compositions of needles of red pine (<I>Pinus densiflora</I>) with varying precipitation pH and concentrations of NO<SUB>2</SUB> and SO<SUB>2</SUB> across 18 cities to identify isotopic and chemical signatures that are sensitive to acid deposition. The cities had different intensity of traffic and industrial activities, and thus were expected to have varying levels of atmospheric pollution. The pine needles were analyzed for carbon (δ<SUP>13</SUP>C) and nitrogen (δ<SUP>15</SUP>N) isotope ratios, N concentrations, C-to-N ratio (C/N), and calcium-to-aluminum ratio (Ca/Al). Analysis of variance, simple linear correlation, and redundancy analysis were used to investigate the variations in foliar chemistry with atmospheric variables. Neither NO<SUB>2</SUB> nor SO<SUB>2</SUB> concentration was correlated with foliar δ<SUP>13</SUP>C, δ<SUP>15</SUP>N, N concentration, and C/N; whereas precipitation pH was correlated with the foliar parameters, suggesting that foliar chemistry is more sensitive to total acidifying materials than to individual pollutant. The foliar δ<SUP>13</SUP>C decreased with lowered precipitation pH, reflecting the increased <SUP>13</SUP>C-depleted CO<SUB>2</SUB> that was co-emitted with acidifying materials from fossil fuel combustion. Foliar δ<SUP>15</SUP>N decreased and foliar N concentration increased with lowered precipitation pH, indicating tree uptake of <SUP>15</SUP>N-depleted N from acid deposition. Accordingly, the C/N ratio also decreased with lowered precipitation pH. However, there was no relationship between foliar Ca/Al and precipitation pH; rather. Our result suggests that δ<SUP>13</SUP>C, δ<SUP>15</SUP>N, N concentration, and C/N of pine needle samples are associated with the level of precipitation pH and thus pine needles could be used as bio-indicators of the impacts of total acidifying pollutants on forest.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> δ<SUP>13</SUP>C, δ<SUP>15</SUP>N, N, and C/N of foliage were correlated with precipitation pH. </LI> <LI> δ<SUP>13</SUP>C, δ<SUP>15</SUP>N, N, C/N of foliage were correlated with neither NO<SUB>2</SUB> nor SO<SUB>2</SUB>. </LI> <LI> Foliar Ca/Al was correlated with SO<SUB>2</SUB> but not with pH or NO<SUB>2</SUB>. </LI> <LI> Foliar δ<SUP>13</SUP>C, δ<SUP>15</SUP>N, N, and C/N can be used as indicators of precipitation pH. </LI> </UL> </P>

Effect of Three Amino Acid Residues at the Carboxyl Terminus in Unacetylated α-Tropomyosin on Actin Affinity

Sun Ju Jung,Sang Min Seo,Kye Hong Suh,Jae Sub Yang,Young Joon Cho 한국생명과학회 2001 Journal of Life Science Vol.11 No.1

Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Treated with Direct-Acting Antivirals

( Sun Hong Yoo ),( Jung Hyun Kwon ),( Hee Yeon Kim ),( Chang Wook Kim ),( Chan Ran You ),( Sang Wook Choi ),( Se Hyun Cho ),( Joon-Yeol Han ),( Do Seon Song ),( U Im Chang ),( Jin Mo Yang ),( Sung Won 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is decreased in patients achieved sustained viral response (SVR) after antiviral therapy based on pegylated interferon. However, the increasing risk of HCC development and recurrence in the patients who achieved SVR with all-oral DAA agents is controversy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the de-novo HCC development after antiviral therapy based on all-oral DAA agents in CHC patients without a history of previous HCC. Methods: A total of 963 CHC patients who were treated with interferon free regimen in the 8 affiliated hospitals of the Catholic University of Korea between March 2015 and March 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. De-novo HCC was defined as the newly development of HCC after DAA regimens but no prior HCC history before the DAA treatment. Results: Of the 963 patients, a total of 574 patients received DAA treatment who were followed up for at least 12 weeks with no history of previous HCC. The overall median follow-up period from the start of antiviral therapy was 10.4 months. SVR was achieved in 548 of the 574 (95.5%) patients. De-novo HCC was detected in 5 of 574 (0.87%) patients during the follow-up period. A univariate analysis showed that liver cirrhosis (p = 0.006) and a higher level of serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) at the time of end treatment response (ETR) (p = 0.010) were significantly associated with HCC development. However, a multivariate analysis indicated a higher level of serum AFP at the time of ETR (p = 0.044, HR 11.80, 95% CI: 1.07-130.44) was the independent risk factor for HCC development. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that there still exists a risk of newly HCC development in patients treated with all-oral-DAA agents for CHC. Also, serum AFP at the time of ETR was associated with HCC development and it may be a useful biomarker for the prediction of HCC development after all-oral-DAA agents for CHC.

Fatal poisoning cases due to benfuracarb or furathiocarb ingestion

Sang Ki Lee,Ja Youl Yang,Ki Wook Kim,Mee Jung Park,Yoo Sin Park,Hee Sun Chung,Young Chan Yoo 환경독성보건학회 2005 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.- No.-