Evaluation of a Dual-Cooled Annular Fuel Heat Split and Temperature Distribution

YANG, Yong Sik,SHIN, Chang Hwan,CHUN, Tae Hyun,SONG, Kun Woo Atomic Energy Society of Japan 2009 Journal of nuclear science and technology Vol.46 No.8

<P>The heat flux and fuel temperature of an annular fuel rod was analyzed using a newly developed program, DUO_THERM. The dual-cooled annular fuel rod has both inner and outer coolant channels. The heat fluxes to inner and outer claddings can change during irradiation because of the variation in the gap conductances of the inner and outer sides. The heat flux is a very important design factor affecting fuel integrity and safety. However, in an annular fuel design, the prediction of heat flux is very complicated because it is closely connected with size changes of two gaps, which are different from each other during irradiation. A burnup increase and power change can cause pellet and cladding radial deformation and eventually change the gap width. Because an annular fuel has two gaps at both sides and their heat resistances are very large, an imbalance of the gap width can lead to heat flux asymmetry. Therefore, a pellet and cladding dimensional change including densification, swelling, creep, and thermal expansion must be considered in the calculation of heat flux and temperature. By using the DUO_THERM program, the changes in heat flux and temperature during an operation were evaluated with respect to a reference design of an annular fuel. The results of the evaluation showed that the heat flux of an annular fuel was greatly affected by the inner and outer gap conductance changes. The heat flux of the inner cladding was maximum at zero burnup, but that of the outer cladding was maximum at the burnup of the outer gap closing. In addition, the maximum fuel temperature location was changed by gap conductance asymmetry.</P>

한우, 칡소 및 제주 흑우 Calpain-Calpastatin 유전자 다양성

이승환,김승창,조수현,최봉환,Aditi Sharma,임다정,당창권,장선식,김재환,고문석,양보석,강희설 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2013 농업과학연구 Vol.40 No.2

The aim of study was to investigate genetic diversity for the calpain/calpastatin gene in three Hanwoo breeds [(Brown (n=62), Brindle (n=81) and Jeju Black (n=30)]. Random samples from three breeds of Hanwoo were selected and genotyped for the 7 SNPs of calpain/calpastatin using TaqMan method. Allele frequencies were investigated for CAPN1/CAST gene. Allele frequency of CAST2 SNP was 0.75, 0.59 and 0.22 for Brown, Brindle and Jeju black, respectively. The CAST3 revealed allele frequency of 0.59 and 0.57 in Brown and Jeju Black, while it showed very low allele frequency (0.07) in Brindle. In particular, favorable allele (G allele) for the CAPN1-2 SNP which was shown a strong association with tenderness in Taurine and Indicine cattle revealed 16% and 17% higher allele frequency in Brown Hanwoo (0.82) comparing Brindle (0.66) and Jeju Black Hanwoo (0.65). AMOVA demonstrated that among population variance occupied only 10% of total variance and among individual variance was 0%, while within individual variance was 90% of total variance. This result showed that population effect contributed very small portion of genetic to these three Hanwoo breeds, while within individual variance contributed large portion of genetic diversity within these Hanwoo breeds. In conclusion, three Hanwoo breeds (Brown, Brindle and Jeju black) showed a genetically homogeneous based on the 7 SNPs of CAPN1/CAST gene and it came from same ancestor to form modern Hanwoo breed.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

대조 추출물분획이 치은 섬유아세포의 생물학적 활성화에 미치는 영향

양창호,이용무,조기영,배기환,정종평 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1994 藥學論文集 Vol.10 No.-

Final goal of periodontal treatment is to reconstruct the destructed periodontal tissue as well as to remove the necrotic pathologic elements. The purpose of this study is to investigate on the effect of Zizyphi extract to the inhibitory ability on collagenolytic activity of P gingivalis, biologic activity of gingival fibroblasts and on the collagen and protein synthesis of gingival fibroblasts. Gingival fibroblast from giniva of first bicuspids from patient for orthodontic treatment were used and cultured. For the measurement of inhibitory ability of collagenolytic activity, crude enzyme was extracted and used on the basis of modified Ono's method. On the inhibition of collagenolytic enzyme from herbal extracts, collagenokit CLN-100 were used. The cellular activity of gingival fibroblast, were studied using MTT solution and measured optical density on 570mm by ELISA reader. To measure the effects on the ability of whole protein and collagen synthesis, cell membrane was destructed with ultrasonic grinder after culturing, centrifuged and counted by liquid scintilation counter. The inhibitory effects on producing of IL-1β by monocyte, after promotion of producing IL-1β by LPS, were compared with the mixture of herbal extracts and other drugs using thymocyte stimulation assay. About inhibitory·effects of PGE_2 by gingival fibroblasts, herbal extract was compared with the addition of the other control groups using enzyme immunoassay. On the inhibition of collagenolytic activity by P. gingivalis, benzene extracts showed the most efficient inhibitory effects among the l9㎍/㎖ of the compared extracts and 40.5% by Tetracycline. On the cellular activity promoting effects, compared extracts showed a bit of more effects than PDGF of l00㎍/㎖ concentration and lGF of 20㎍/㎖ concentration. All of the PDGF, 1GF, Zizyphi Fructus extract should increase in collagen synthesis, but especially 70% ethylalcohol extracts of Zizyphi Fructus showed comparably high effects among the compared extracts. Effects on whole protein synthesis were slightly increased on every extract but especially 70% ethylalcohol extract showed significantly effective than any other estract. On the inhibitory effects of Zizyphi Fructus IL-1β production by monocyte, compared extracts showed 70% of highly inhibitory effect than that of 60% inhibition effects on controlled group and each extracts showed no significant difference. In PGE_2 production inhibitroy effect of Zizyphi Fructus gingival fibroblasts, Herbal extracts showed 70% of inhibition comparing with tat of 90.2% of controlled group, but each extracts showed similar effects excluding the H_2O extracts. These results suggested that Zizyphi Fructus might be useful medicine for inhibition of inflammatory mediator including IL-1β and PGE_2·

DSM-Ⅲ-R 성격장애 진단의 내용타당도

양병환,조연규,김창현,황순택,오동열 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the content validity of DSM-Ⅲ-R personality disorder(PDs). A 3-point rating scale of 150 preliminary diagnostic criteria including 95 DSM-Ⅲ-R PD diagnostic criteria was sent to psychiatrists. Each item in this scale was rated by psychiatrists(n=101) in term of prototypicality to every DSM-Ⅲ-R PD. The results show that each PD criteria set of DSM-Ⅲ-R was registered high level of interrater consistency and items listed in the DSM-Ⅲ-R were, for the most part, rated as very prototypical to their DSM-Ⅲ-R diagnosis. Some criteria were, however, not rated to characteristic features to their DSM-Ⅲ-R diagnosis. 11 items of DSM-Ⅲ-R diagnostic criteria scored high not only to their DSM-Ⅲ-R diagnosis but also other diagnosis. 16 items rated as high prototypicality item of other diagnosis. Another 16 items seemed not to be appropriate to any of DSM-Ⅲ-R PD diagnosis. These results suggest that the content validity of the DSM-Ⅲ-R personality disorder is not so high.

癎疾性 치매 1例

梁昌國,張煥一,申榮宇 大韓神經精神醫學會 1983 신경정신의학 Vol.22 No.3

The authors experienced and reported a 21-years-old female patient who was severely deteriorated following uncontrolled grand mal seizures lasting for more than 10 years. At first petit mal seizure was developed at the age of 7 and then the pattern of seizure was changed to grand mal type. She had achieved normal physical and mental developments till the appearance of grand mal seizure, but she has become deteriorated gradually with repeated seizures of 7-8 times a day. Deteriorations have been progressed markedly and finally she became a severely deteriorated dementic, like a 1-2 years old baby since the age of 19. She could not walk and speak a word except "mamma" when she was brought to emergency room. Diffuse scattering of slow waves and spikes were noticed on the E.E.G. and moderate degree of cerebral atrophy on computerized tomography of the brain. With the beginning of anticonvulsant therapy, the seizure was controlled almost completely and hence her mental and physical states have become improved steadily during 9 months of follow-up treatment. And at the end of follow-up period, she became to be able to speak freely with others and carry out usual life activities with minimal limitations. In this case, we can presume that her severe deterioration have been resulted primarily from long-standing hypoxia of the brain due to repeated clinical and subclinical seizures. But the possibilities that the other factors such as adverse effects of anticonvulsants, folate deficiency and social factors could play a role in part can not be excluded entirely. And also we call attention to the fact that epileptic deterioration can be prevented through adequate control of seizures and support of epileptic individuals by various means.

리더십이 직무태도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

양춘희,오창환 남서울대학교 2005 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between leadership and work attitude through both the literature research and the empirical research using questionaries to the university working in and around the city of Seoul and Chungnam. A total of 274 questionnaires were collected from the 300 distributed. The responding rate was 92.7%. There are two kinds of leadership patterns; directive leadership and supportive leadership. The major findings obtained from this study; as follows. First of all, in the relationship between leadership patterns and work attitude, it is found that they show relatively the deep relationship. especially. In the Organizational commitment, it is found that directive leadership is relatively the higher than supportive leadership. The above results show that supportive leadership positively influences on the organizational work attitude than derictive leadership It is recommended that further studies are needed to decide how do the leader solve the conflict of the relations between labor and management?

頭部 CT上 癎疾性 病所의 消失에 대한 臨床的 意義

梁昌國,申榮宇,張煥一 大韓神經精神醫學會 1983 신경정신의학 Vol.22 No.3

Computed tomography of the brain(CT) has been used routinely, as well as the EEG, to study patients with epilepsy. It gives accurate information about the nature, size, topography and location of morphological abnormalities, and moreover helps to make therapeutic plan of epileptics because CT has made it possible to follow the evolution of epileptic foci. This study was designed to investigate the clinical significance of resolved epileptic foci on follow-up CT. The subjects were the patients who revealed focal low density on CT among the epileptics who visited Kyung Hee University Hospital from the period of March, 1980 to February, 1983. The number of the subjects studied was 24 cases of 15 males and 9 females. The followings were the main results of the study. 1. Male to female ratio was 1.7 to 1. Age distribution revealed to be heavily concentrated in under the age of 30 (17cases, 70.8%). 2. All cases revealed focal low density with or without enhancement on CT. The most common site of lesion was parietal cortex. 3. Nearly complete disappearance or resolution of the focal low density lesion was revealed on follow-up CT in all the subjects. 4. Nine cases improved on the follow-up EEG were consistent with the follow-up CT findings. 5. Operation was performed in 1 case. The biopsy revealed gliosis and perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration, that is nonspecific inflammatory findings such as virus. 6. Considering the age of onset, clinical course and symptomatology, it was supposed that focal low density on CT was focal cerebritis due to virus. 7. The authors propose cautiously that anticonvulsant withdrawal can be attempted through close observation and follow-up study in the cases showing the complete resolution of lesions on follow-up CT and EEG.

경도관 동맥색전술을 이용한 비정상 자궁출혈의 치료

양승부,최교창,이상진,정영진,임한혁,한효상,황인철,조환성 순천향의학연구소 2005 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.11 No.1

Objective : Our purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the transcatheter arterial embolization for the management of abnormal uterine bleeding. Materials and Methods : 14 patients with massive or recurrent uterine bleeding underwent percutaneous transcatheter arterial embolization between February 2003 and September 2004. We reviewed 14 cases of uterine artery or internal iliac artery embolization using gelfoam or PVA particles. Results : Good management of uterine bleeding was achieved in 13 of 14(93%) cases. The cause of abnormal uterine bleeding was myoma(5 case), post D & E bleeding(3), acquired vascular malformation(3), pseudoaneurysm(1), adenomyosis(1), and endometrial hyperplasia(1). Conclusion : Transcatheter artery embolization is an effective and life-saving procedure in massive or recurrent uterine bleeding. Early diagnosis and prompt transcatheter arterial embolization is a useful mangement of uterine bleeding.

靑少年의 競技性向에 關한 硏究

梁明煥,李昌俊 제주대학교 1993 논문집 Vol.37 No.1

The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend past research on sport-related value orientations of youth. Specifically, the purpose of the research was to examine the dimensionality, situation specificity, and differences of game orientation across the independent variables of gender, school level(middle school, high school, university), athletic status(athlete, nonathlete), sport type(individual, personnel, team sport). The subjects had to indicate how important they felt it was to win, to play fair, to play well and to have fun in response to a description of a recreational and of a competitive situation. The investigators quntified professional orientation as the sum of the responses to playing well and winning, whereas play orientation consisted of the sum of the responses of having fun and playing fair. Only the responses of those who completed useable questionnaires(n=1157)were used in this investigation. The major findings were as follows: 1. The subjects thought that the elements of both orientation were important. 2. The important of game orientation were situation specific. 3. Males and athletes have shown a greater degree of professionalization than females and nonathletes. 4. Male athletes, university athletes, and team sport athletes had significantly higher professional orientation scores than did male nonathletes, middle/high school athletes, and individual/personnel sport athletes. 5. Male athletes perceived fathers as the most important significant other, whereas female athletes perceived leachers/coaches as the most important significant other.