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      • 유치원 유아체육교과 전담제의 현황과 개선방안

        김창현 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.5

        The purpose of this research is intended to analyze administrative conditions for kindergarten scattered around Daegu Metropolitan City and recognize the necessities of physical education for the kindergarten principals and teachers. To accomplish the purpose, a questionnarie survey was done with class teachers (men, women), chief teachers, principals, and assistant principals who worked in 268 public and private kindergarten located in Daegu.

      • KCI등재

        Linear Quadratic Servo Design for Magnetic Levitation Systems Considering Disturbance Forces from Linear Synchronous Motor

        김창현,안한웅,이주,이형우 대한전기학회 2017 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.12 No.2

        Recently, the demand of maglev systems in the manufacturing industry for LCD and OLED display panels, which are required to be very clean and possess vacuum systems, has been increasing due to their characteristics such as being non-contact, noise free and eco-friendly. However, it is still a challenge to simultaneously control both the propulsion and levitation for their interactive effect difficult to be exactly measured. In this paper, we proposed a new tuning method for controlling the magnetic levitation force robustly against the levitation disturbance caused by a propulsion system, based on LQ servo optimal control. The disturbance torque of the LSM propulsion system is calculated through FEM analysis in such a way that the LQ servo controller is determined in order to minimize the effect of the disturbance. The robust performance of the proposed LQ servo control method for the in-track type magnetic levitation systems is demonstrated via simulations and experiments.

      • KCI등재
      • KCI등재

        고려 개성부와 조선초 한성부의 직제와 영역

        김창현 서울역사편찬원 2017 서울과 역사 Vol.- No.95

        Koryeo managed several capitals, but its capital system was based on two capitals, Seogyeong and Gaegyeong. Joseon ran the two capitals of Hangyeong and Gaeseong, and it modelled those of Koryeo. Hanseong-bu and Gaeseong-bu in the early Joseon Dynasty were almost equally levelled in the aspect of government system, but actually Hanseong-Bu was superior to Gaeseong-Bu. The stature of Gaeseong-bu as one of central administrative organs in Koryeo was a lot lower than that of Seogyeong-bu as one of local administrative organs, but the stature of Gaegyeong was much higher than that of Seogyeong. Gaeseong-bu in Koryeo had jurisdiction over the inside and outside of capital wall and Gyeonggi or Gyeonggi or inside of capital wall according to time, Anchalsa or Annyeomsa were not sent to Gyeonggi. Hanseong-bu in the Joseon controlled the castle town and 10ri(里) out of the city, and Gyeonggi was governed by Gwanchalsa succeeding to the action of King Gongyang, which formed independent local administrative organs respectively. The jurisdiction sphere of Hanseong-bu was reduced than Gaeseong-bu's as one of central administrative organs in the early Goryeo, but its function and status were stronger. The central government was more influential to Gaegyeong and Gyeonggi in Koryeo than Hangyeong and Gyeonggi in Joseon. Gaegyeong in Koryeo and Hangyeong in Joseon were made up of 5 Bu(部)s and many Bang(坊)s. Though the castle town of Hangyeong was much smaller than Gaegyeong, its number of Bangs was more than Gaegyeong’s, and its functions of Ri(里) weakened as an administration unit. Four Gyo(郊)s in Gaegyeong were basically 10ri(里) away from Gaegyeong wall, if main facilities were settled, they expanded to the inside and outside of 20ri(里). This management of Gyo partly influenced forming the system of 10ri(里) outside the castle in Joseon. While grave locations of Koryeo administrative officers were strongly marked on a basis of the capital direction, those of Joseon administrative officers even in Gyeonggi area were mostly marked on a basis of special counties. 고려는 多京制를 운영했지만 개경과 서경의 양경제가 근간을 이루었다. 조선은 한경과 개성의 양경제를 운영했는데 고려의 양경제를 모델로 했다. 조선 한성부와 개성부는 경관직으로서 거의 동등한 수준이었지만 실제로는 한성부가 개성부를 압도했다. 고려 경관 개성부는 외관 서경유수관보다 위상이 훨씬 낮았지만 개경은 서경보다 위상이 훨씬 높았다. 고려시대 개성부는 시기에 따라 赤縣․畿縣 혹은 경기 혹은 都城內를 관할했는데, 경기에는 안찰사 내지 안렴사가 공양왕 이전에는 파견되지 않았다. 공양왕 2년 이후에 경기에 도관찰출척사 혹은 안렴사가 파견되었고 이것이 조선의 경기에도 계승되었다. 조선시대 한성부는 도성과 城底十里를 관장했고, 경기는 관찰사가 파견되어 각각 독립적인 지방행정 단위를 이루었다. 한성부는 고려초 京官 개성부보다 관할 범위는 축소되었지만 기능과 위상은 더 컸다. 고려 개경과 경기는 조선 한경과 경기에 비해 중앙 관부의 영향력이 더 컸다. 고려 개경과 조선 한경은 5部와 다수의 坊으로 이루어졌다. 한경은 도성이 개경보다 훨씬 작음에도 坊은 개경보다 많은 반면 里는 행정단위로서의 기능이 약화되었다. 조선 한경의 坊은 고려 개경의 그것보다 세분화되어 里와 중복된 경향이 있어 후기로 가면서 한경에서 里가 사라지게 된다. 개경 四郊는 기본적으로 개경성에서 10리 정도의 거리가 범위였지만, 주요 시설이 자리잡으면 20리 내외까지로 확장될 수 있었다. 고려의 이러한 사교 운영은 조선의 城底十里 성립에 일정 부분 영향을 미쳤다. 고려 관료의 무덤은 대개 개경 郊와 경기 일대에 조성되었는데 장례관련 장소가 경성을 중심으로 방위를 표시하는 경향이 강했다. 조선 관료의 무덤은 고향이나 연고지에 조성된 경우가 많았는데 경기 지역에 묻혀도 대개 특정 고을로 표기했다. 이는 고려인이 개경을 중심으로 사고하는 경향이 강했던 반면 조선인이 한경을 중심으로 사고하는 경향이 상대적으로 약했음을 시사한다.

      • KCI등재

        Multi-loop PID Control Method of Brushless DC Motors via Convex Combination Method

        김창현 대한전기학회 2017 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.12 No.1

        This paper proposes the explicit tuning rule of multi-loop PID controller for brushless direct current motors to predict the system behaviors in time and frequency domains, using properties of the convex combination method. The convex set of the proposed controllers formulates the envelope to satisfy the performances in time and frequency domains. The final control parameters are determined by solving the convex optimization problem subject to the constraints which are represented as convex set of time domain performances. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is shown in the numerical simulation, in which controller tuning algorithm and dynamics of brushless DC motor are well taken into account.

      • KCI등재

        The Impact of Preoperative Low Body Mass Index on Postoperative Complications and Long-term Survival Outcomes in Gastric Cancer Patients

        김창현,박승만,김진조 대한위암학회 2018 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.18 No.3

        Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of preoperative low body mass index (BMI) on both the short- and long-term outcomes in patients with gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 510 patients with gastric cancer were divided into the following 3 groups: low BMI group (≤18.5 kg/m2, n=51), normal BMI group (18.6–24.9 kg/m2, n=308), and high BMI group (≥25.0 kg/m2, n=151). Results: There were significantly more stage III/IV patients in the low BMI group than in the other groups (P=0.001). Severe postoperative complications were more frequent (P=0.010) and the survival was worse (P<0.001) in the low BMI group. The subgroup analysis indicated that survival was worse in the low BMI group of the stage I/II subgroup (P=0.008). The severe postoperative complication rate was higher in the low BMI group of the stage III/IV subgroup (P=0.001), although the recurrence rate and survival did not differ in the stage III/IV subgroup among all the BMI groups. Low BMI was an independent poor prognostic factor in the stage I/II subgroup (disease-free survival: hazard ratio [HR], 13.521; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.186–154.197; P=0.036 and overall survival: HR, 5.130; 95% CI, 1.644–16.010; P=0.005), whereas low BMI was an independent risk factor for severe postoperative complications in the stage III/IV subgroup (HR, 17.158; 95% CI, 1.383–212.940; P=0.027). Conclusions: Preoperative low BMI in patients with gastric cancer adversely affects survival among those with stage I/II disease and increases the severe postoperative complication rate among those with stage III/IV disease.

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