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The diffusional properties of dendrites depend on the density of dendritic spines
Santamaria, Fidel,Wils, Stefan,De Schutter, Erik,Augustine, George J. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 The European journal of neuroscience Vol.34 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>We combined computational modeling and experimental measurements to determine the influence of dendritic structure on the diffusion of intracellular chemical signals in mouse cerebellar Purkinje cells and hippocamal CA1 pyramidal cells. Modeling predicts that molecular trapping by dendritic spines causes diffusion along spiny dendrites to be anomalous and that the value of the anomalous exponent (<I>d</I><SUB><I>w</I></SUB>) is proportional to spine density in both cell types. To test these predictions we combined the local photorelease of an inert dye, rhodamine dextran, with two‐photon fluorescence imaging to track diffusion along dendrites. Our results show that anomalous diffusion is present in spiny dendrites of both cell types. Further, the anomalous exponent is linearly related to the density of spines in pyramidal cells and <I>d</I><SUB><I>w</I></SUB> in Purkinje cells is consistent with such a relationship. We conclude that anomalous diffusion occurs in the dendrites of multiple types of neurons. Because spine density is dynamic and depends on neuronal activity, the degree of anomalous diffusion induced by spines can dynamically regulate the movement of molecules along dendrites.</P>
Guerin-Deremaux, Laetitia,Ringard, Florence,Desailly, Fabrice,Wils, Daniel The Korean Nutrition Society 2010 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol. No.
The resistant dextrin NUTRIOSE$^{(R)}$, developed from starch, is expected to act as a prebiotic. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of NUTRIOSE$^{(R)}$ on cecal parameters, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, and fecal excretion in rats. In an initial experiment, twenty-four male Fischer F344 rats were randomly assigned to one of the following four treatments for 14 days: G0 (control diet), G2.5 (control diet+2.5% of dextrin), G5 (control diet + 5% of dextrin), and G10 (control diet + 10% of dextrin). After 14 days, total cecal weight, cecal content, and cecal wall weight were significantly increased in G5 and G10 compared to G0. At the same time, cecal pH was significantly lower in G10 compared to G0. Total SCFA concentration was significantly higher in G10 than in G5, G2.5, and G0, and significantly higher in G5 than in G0. Acetate, butyrate, and propionate concentrations were significantly increased in G5 and G10 compared to the controls. In a second trial based on a similar design, eighteen male Fischer F344 rats were treated with a control diet supplemented with 5% of dextrin or 5% of fructo-oligosaccharide. The results obtained with NUTRIOSE$^{(R)}$ were similar to those obtained with the fructo-oligosaccharide. In a third experiment, two groups of 5 Fischer F344 rats were orally treated with 100 and 1,000 mg/kg NUTRIOSE$^{(R)}$, respectively, and from 18% to 25% of the dextrin was excreted in the feces. The results of these three studies show that the consumption of NUTRIOSE$^{(R)}$, by its effects on total cecal weight, cecal content, cecal wall weight, pH, and SCFA production, could induce healthy benefits since these effects are reported to be prebiotic effects.
Laetitia Guerin-Deremaux,Florence Ringard,Fabrice Desailly,Daniel Wils 한국영양학회 2010 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.4 No.6
The resistant dextrin NUTRIOSE<SUP>®</SUP>, developed from starch, is expected to act as a prebiotic. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of NUTRIOSE<SUP>®</SUP> on cecal parameters, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, and fecal excretion in rats. In an initial experiment, twenty-four male Fischer F344 rats were randomly assigned to one of the following four treatments for 14 days: G0 (control diet), G2.5 (control diet + 2.5% of dextrin), G5 (control diet + 5% of dextrin), and G10 (control diet + 10% of dextrin). After 14 days, total cecal weight, cecal content, and cecal wall weight were significantly increased in G5 and G10 compared to G0. At the same time, cecal pH was significantly lower in G10 compared to G0. Total SCFA concentration was significantly higher in G10 than in G5, G2.5, and G0, and significantly higher in G5 than in G0. Acetate, butyrate, and propionate concentrations were significantly increased in G5 and G10 compared to the controls. In a second trial based on a similar design, eighteen male Fischer F344 rats were treated with a control diet supplemented with 5% of dextrin or 5% of fructo-oligosaccharide. The results obtained with NUTRIOSE<SUP>®</SUP> were similar to those obtained with the fructo-oligosaccharide. In a third experiment, two groups of 5 Fischer F344 rats were orally treated with 100 and 1,000 ㎎/㎏ NUTRIOSE<SUP>®</SUP>, respectively, and from 18% to 25% of the dextrin was excreted in the feces. The results of these three studies show that the consumption of NUTRIOSE<SUP>®</SUP>, by its effects on total cecal weight, cecal content, cecal wall weight, pH, and SCFA production, could induce healthy benefits since these effects are reported to be prebiotic effects.
Caroline Perreau,Fabrice Desailly,Sophie Grard,Pariyarath Sangeetha Thondre,Lis Ahlstrom,Jonathan Tammam,Daniel Wils 한국식품영양과학회 2023 Journal of medicinal food Vol.26 No.10
Diabetes prevalence achieved 470B in 2021. Diabetics are looking for foods that allow them to better managethe postprandial glycemia. Owing to its large amylose fraction, pea starch may contribute to formulate recipes with a lowerglycemic index (GI). This study measured the rapidly, slowly digested and resistant fractions in pea starch and in a powdermix recipe. Starch fractions were determined according to the Englyst methodology. A nonblind repeat measure crossoverdesign trial in healthy humans was used to study the GI of pea starch and maltodextrin powder mix recipes against glucose. Gastrointestinal symptoms were measured. Thirteen healthy volunteers aged 18–60 years with body mass index <30 kg/m2 andfasting blood glucose <6.1 mmol/L participated in the study. They consumed 25 g available carbohydrate portions of the testproducts. Blood glucose was measured at -5 and 0 min before consumption till 180 min after starting to eat. The slowdigestible starch (SDS) content of native pea starch was 30% of the total starch content. The pea-based powder mix recipecontained 25% SDS in comparison with 9% for the maltodextrin-based recipe. The glucose response after pea starch wassignificantly lower compared with maltodextrin. The glucose response after pea starch recipe was significantly lower comparedwith maltodextrin recipe. There was no significant difference in mean scores for well-being and gastrointestinalsymptoms after consumption of pea starch and maltodextrin or between the two recipes. In conclusion, this study hasdemonstrated the presence of high SDS content in pea starch, which reduced postprandial glycemic response compared withmaltodextrin. The pea starch recipe did not induce any negative gastrointestinal symptoms. Pea starch may, therefore, prove tobe a beneficial ingredient in developing food products for improving glycemic control without undesirable side effects.
Multi-site, multi-year monitoring of the oscillating Algol-type eclipsing binary CT Herculis
Lampens, P.,Strigachev, A.,Kim, S.-L.,Rodrí,guez, E.,Ló,pez-Gonzá,lez, M. J.,Vidal-Saí,nz, J.,Mkrtichian, D.,Koo, J.-R.,Kang, Y. B.,Van Cauteren, P.,Wils, P.,Kraicheva, Z.,Dimi EDP Sciences 2011 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.534 No.2
<P>We present the results of a multi-site photometric campaign carried out in 20042008 for the Algol-type eclipsing binary system CT Her, the primary component of which displays δ Scuti-type oscillations. Our data consist of differential light curves collected in the filters B and V, which were analysed using the method of Wilson-Devinney (PHOEBE). After identifying an adequate binary model and removing the best-fit light-curve solution, we performed a Fourier analysis of the residual B and V light curves to investigate the pulsational behaviour. We confirm the presence of rapid pulsations with a main period of 27.2 min. Up to eight significant frequencies with semi-amplitudes in the range 3 to 1 mmag were detected, all of which lie in the frequency range 43.553.5 d<SUP>−1</SUP>. This result is independent of the choice of the primary’s effective temperature (8200 or 8700 K) since the light-curve models of the binary are very similar in both cases. This is yet another case of a complex frequency spectrum observed for an accreting δ Scuti-type star (after Y Cam). In addition, we demonstrate that the amplitudes of several pulsation frequencies provide evidence of variability on timescales as short as 12 years, perhaps even less. Moreover, our analysis takes into account some recently acquired spectra, from which we obtained the corresponding radial velocities for the years 20072009. Investigation of the OC diagram shows that further monitoring of the epochs of eclipse minima of CT Her will cast new light on the evolution of its orbital period.</P>