Role of Grystal and Glass Phase in Deformation at High Temperature

Chi, Ung-Up 漢陽大學校 工科大學學生會 1964 工大論叢 Vol.- No.1

結晶相과 유리相을 같이 包含하고 있는 ?業體에 對하여 2種의 模型을 作成하여 이것들의 高溫荷重下에서의 流動性質을 硏究하였다. 第1의 模型에서는 結晶粒子가 全體에 繼續的으로 이어져 있는 유리바닥에 分散되어 있고 第2의 模型에서는 유리相의 量이 不充分하여 繼續的인 바닥을 이루지 못하는 ?業體를 各己 代表한다. 두 模型의 形成에 있어서는 結晶과 유리相은 高溫荷重下에서 아무런 化學變化를 일으키지 않아서 模型體의 變形은 純全히 레오르지 現象으로만 일어날 수 있는 것으로 選定하였다. 變形試驗은 ?曲試驗으로 하였으며 얻어진 結果는 두 模型에 對한 "rheological trees"를 建設하는 方向으로 解析하였으며 建設된 rheological tree로부터 理論變形曲線을 計算하여 實驗曲線과 比較하였다. Flow properties in two ideal models for refactory bodies containing glass were studied at high temperetine. In the first model, crystalline particles are dispersed in the continuous glass matrix throughout the body. But in the second model the amount of glass is not sufficient to be continuous. the crystal and glass for preparation of two models were selected in such a way that nonrheological effects in their dimensional changes under stess could be avoided. The studies were carried out by analysing deflection and recovery data obtained by bending tests, trying to construct rheological trees for two models. It seems that the bending test provides better aruuracy in measuraments of small deformation and that the construction of rhelogical tree may be able to solve some difficulties of the determination of stress-stain, relation and of the variance of stresses with time. Theoretical curvatures of deflection could be calculated step by step method on the basis of the contructed rheologial tree and determined rheorogial constants. The comparison of theoretical curvature with observed values were of intersting to check the constructed tree and determined constat.

Antimony-chrome orange Yellow 제조에 관한 연구

池應業(Ung Up Chi),都基百(Kee Baik Dho) 한국세라믹학회 1971 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.8 No.1

The present investigaton was carried out with the purpose of manufacturing orange yellow for mosaic tile. As the first step, the three basic chemical constituents of lead oxide-chromium oxide-Titanium dioxide triangle system has been investigated. Secondly, The effect of addition of mineralizer such as alkali metal saIts, alkali earth metal and oxides has been observed. Finally, applied test for mosaic tiles were examined and crystal growth phenomena of several prepared stains were examined by X-Ray deffractometer in comparison with the imported stains. By synthetic results of this experiment, the composition ranges of excellent orange yellow in first step experiment were as follow. Antimony trioxide 5-35%, chromium oxde 1-10%, Titanium dioxide 60-95%. Most mineralizer except Lihium salts showed developing excellent colour.

蠟石紛碎物의 充塡性이 그 燒結性에 미치는 영향

池應業,崔相旭,柳泰源 亞州大學校 1978 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

Three kinds of specimen, consisting of the graded pyrophyllite particles alone, a substituent of 8 percent fireclay for the finer portion (F₂)of it, and 0.8 percent inorganic binder-added composite were prepared under the following conditions respectively; moisture content=4.5∼5.0%, forming pressure=250㎏/㎠ and sintering temperature=1,000∼1,300℃. The various properties such as modulus of rupture, apparent porosity, bulk specific gravity, pore size and pore distribution were measured in order to collaborate with sintering phenomena. The results obtained are as follows: (1) Apparent porosity is gradually decreased with rishing the sintering temperature to 1,250℃. (2) The binder-added specimen showed the lowest value in porosity. (3) The optimum sintering temperature of specimens was considered to be 1,250℃ (4) The wider differences between pore volumes of specimens could be obtained by method of mercury penetration porosimeter than by the conventional method for porosity.

고로슬라그의 이용에 관한 연구 (II) (천연원료를 이용한 Slag-Ceramics)

지응업,이전,한기석,이재락,Chi, Ung-Up,Rhee, Jhun,Han, Ki-Suk,Lee, Jae-Rock 한국세라믹학회 1981 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.18 No.1

A glass-ceramics based on blast-furnace slag, with some additives to the theoretical composition in order to control properties of mother glass and the heat treatment conditions, has been investigated. The raw materials in this study were blast-furnace slag, serpentine, feldspar and quartz as mother glass ingredients. Titanium dioxide and chromite were used as the nucleating agents. Batch compositions of the prepared glasses and ceraming conditions were found by trial and error method. The optimum conditions were confirmed by analyzing several measured physical properties such as density change during heat treatment, microhardness of slag-ceramics prepared, viscosity change of glass at heat treatment temperatures, nucleation density change, dilatometric properties, differential thermal analysis, identification of the grown crystal and crystal sizes. The batch composition feasible to prepare slag-ceramics was 40% of blast-furnace slag, 25% of serpentine, 18% of feldspar and 17% of silica sand. Three percent titanium dioxide and 1% chromite of the mother glass were added as nucleating agents. The ceraming conditions under which the slag-ceramics having considerably good properties can be developed found as: "The glass was heated at 75$0^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours for nucleation, and the temperature was raised up to 1, 00$0^{\circ}C$ with a rate of 0.75$^{\circ}C$/min for crystal growth.owth.

國內 窯業原料의 基礎的 硏究 (第1報)

지응업,최상흘,이응상,상기남,Chi, Ung-Up,Choi, Sang-Eul,Lee, Ung-Sang,Sang, Ki-Nam 대한화학회 1964 대한화학회지 Vol.8 No.4

現在 國內에서 使用되고 있는 主要 窯業原料들에 對한 基礎的 data가 不足하므로 이에 國內 主要 窯業工場의 使用量을 基準으로 하여 約 40 種의 鑛物을 試料로 設定하고 그 基礎的 硏究를 하였다. 設定된 試料에 對하여 化學分析, D.T.A.試險, X-ray 廻折試險 및 粒度分析試驗을 行하고 그 結果 및 解析의 一部를 第 1報로서 發表한다. 모든 試料鑛物은 그 試驗結果를 結晶構造的 見地에서 鑛物學的으로 다루어 解析되었는데 特히 本 硏究의 結果 河東白土는 halloysite 라는 設$^{29}$과 一致하였으며 또한 國內 蠟石은 그 主成分 鑛物이 pyrophyllite 質, kaolin 質 및 muscovite 質의 3 者로 分類되어야 한다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 또한 本 第 1報에서 다루지 못한 詩料들, 疑問으로 남은 點들, 電子顯微鏡寫眞 및 光學的 試驗結果는 次報에서 다루기로 한다. Various ceramic raw minerals occuring in Korea were investigated laying emphasis on mineralogical identifications of them. Data of chemical analysis, differential thermal analysis, powder patterns of x-ray diffraction and particle size distribution were obtained for the present study. Hadong kaolin was confirmed as halloysite, and it was found that main constituent of some commercial pyrophyllite is mineralogically not pyrophyllite; Seongsan and Ockmaesan pyrophyllite consist of mainly kaolin group mineral, Tongnae pyrophyllite consists of muscovite, however Milyang and Jindo pyrophyllite is mineralogically pyrophyllite.

졸-겔법에 의한 $Al_2O_3$.$2SiO_2$ 유리의 제조

이준,지응업,조동수,Rhee, Jhun,Chi, Ung-Up,Jo, Dong-Soo 한국세라믹학회 1983 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.20 No.1

In the present study an attempt was made to synthesize the $Al_2O_3$.$2SiO_2$ glass in which atomic ratio is Al:Si=1:1 by sol-gel process. And at such a low temperature as 55$0^{\circ}C$ clear amorphous gel derived glass with Si-O-Al bonding was obtained. $Si(OC_2H_5)_4$ and $Al(NO_3)_3$.$9H_2O$ were used as the precursor and among the mutual solvents only n-butanol gave good results for the synthesis of the gel derived glass. Partial hydrolysis of TEOS with one-fold mol of $H_2O$ prior to the reaction with aluminum nitrate gave the better results., Total oxide content to the total reactants by weight was affective to the results.

고노슬라그의 이용에 관한 연구(I) (슬라그유리의 결정성장)

이준,지응업,한기성,최상욱,Rhee, Jhun,Chi, Ung-Up,Han, Ki-Sung,Choi, Sang-Wook 한국세라믹학회 1978 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.15 No.3

The batch compositions and physical properties of slag-ceramics were studied with respect to their formability from the molten state and conditions of nucleation and crystal growth treatment. The selected batch compositions for nucleation and growth studies were slag, 56%; silica sand, 28%; $Na_2O+MgO$, 8% and $TiO_2+$chromite, 8%. The optimum nucleation condition was the temperature of 75$0^{\circ}C$ with 6 hrs. holding time and the optimum growth condition was the temperature 975$^{\circ}C$ with zero holding time. The slag-ceramics prepared under the above conditions showed the best developed microtexture. The grown crystals were identified as diopside with the average grain size of 5.7$\mu\textrm{m}$, and the amount of crystal grown were about 53% by weight. The prepared specimens of slag-ceramics showed the microhardness, 793kg/$\textrm{mm}^2$; MOR, 1,050 kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and thermal expansion coefficient, $85{\div}10^{-7}$cm/cm/$^{\circ}C$($25^{\circ}C$~$700^{\circ}C$).

졸-겔법에 의한 $10TiO_2$.$90SiO_2$ 유리의 제조

이준,지응업,강태수,조동수,고성관,Rhee, Jhun,Chi, Ung-Up,Kang, Tae-Soo,Jo, Dong-Soo,Ko, Sung-Kwan 한국세라믹학회 1986 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.23 No.4

In the present study an attempt was made to synthesize $10TiO_2$.$90SiO_2$ glass by Sol-Gel process. Tetra-ethyl-ortho-silane and titanium-iso-propoxide were used as precursors. As the mutual solvent ethanol and iso-propanol were used. TEOS was partially hydrolyzed with one-fold mole of $H_2O$ prior to the reaction with titanium-iso-propoxide to control the difference of hydrolysis rate of the two metal alkoxides. At gelling temperature higher than 6$0^{\circ}C$ it was difficult to obtain monolithic gels. At such a low temperature as 85$0^{\circ}C$ clear amorphous gel derived glass with Si-O-Ti bonding was obtained.

A Study on the Preparation of Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide

권이묵,김재원,지응업,신종주,Lee Mook Lee,Jae Won Kim,Ung Up Chi,Jong Ju Shin Korean Chemical Society 1973 대한화학회지 Vol.17 No.4

국산 rhodochrosite 로부터 제조한 황산산성 $MnSO_4$ 수용액을 전해산화하여 건전지용 ${\gamma}-MnO_2$를 제조하는데에 관한 공업적 데이터를 얻기 위하여 하루에 4kg의 $MnO_2$를 제조할 수 있는 micro pilot plant를 설치하여 실험하였다. 광석의 침출 및 전해산화 조건을 규명하고 제품의 물성을 화학분석, DTA, X-선회절, 전자현미경사진 및 전지방전 실험 등으로 검토하였다. 적합한 전해조건은 다음과 같다. 전해액의 온도 : $90^{\circ}C$ 이상, 전류밀도 : 0.7${\sim}A/dm^2$, 양극재료 : 흑연 또는 납, 전해액의 농도 :$MnSO_4 50{\sim}150g/l $및 $H_2SO_4/MnSO_4 = 0.15{\sim}0.25$. 최적전해조건하에서 전류효율은 99%이었고 생성된 $MnO_2$는 거의 순수한${\gamma}-MnO_2$이었으며, 방전특성은 우수하였다. With the intention of obtaining technical data for the industrial production of ${\gamma}-MnO_2$ for dry cell depolarizer by electrolytic oxidation of acidic manganese sulfate solution made from domestic rhodochrosite, optimum conditions of ore leaching, purification of leached solution and electrolytic oxidation of divalent manganes to tetravalent were investigated using simulated micro pilot plant having a production capacity of 4 kg of $MnSO_4$ per day. The nature and quality of the products were investigated by means of chemical analysis, DTA, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The cell activity of $MnO_2$were examined by cell discharging character measurements. The optimum electrolysis conditions were as follow: Temperature of the electrolyte, above $90^{\circ}C$; current density, 0.7${\sim}A/dm^2$; anode materials, graphite or lead ; concentration of electrolyte, $MnSO_4 50{\sim}150g/l $ g/l and $H_2SO_4/MnSO_4 = 0.15{\sim}0.25$. Under the best condition the current efficiency was 99% and the products were almost pure ${\gamma}-MnO_2$. The cell discharging character were good and almost the same as that of regular grade commercial electrolytic manganese dioxide.

CTPB 액상고무의 생성 및 분자특성해석

민태익(Tae Ik Min),최영탁(Young Taek Choi),한만정(Man Jung Han),지응업(Ung Up Chi) 한국고분자학회 1980 폴리머 Vol.4 No.5