웨이블릿 변환과 PN 코드를 이용한 디지털 워터마킹

배성범,이광형 崇實大學校 生産技術硏究所 2001 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

In recently, digital information, such as text, voice, image, is spreading rapidly in the world of the internet. It is easy to edit or store digital data through network. But, anyone could get a digital data as same as the original by copying. Illegal copy or distribution causes a serious problem of intellectual copyright infringement. To solve this problem, digital watermarking schemes have been studied by many researchers as copyright protection. This paper presents a watermarking algorithm in order to embed visually the recognizable pattern (such as Mark, Symbol, Stamping) into a image. We propose the effective watermarking method using the wavelet transform and PN code. The experimental results show that the proposed watermarking algorithm is superior to the other similar watermarking algorithm. We show that it is robust to common signal precessing and geometric transforms such as brightness, contrast, filtering, scaling and geometric deformations.

골다공증의 위험인자 : 아산시 지역 주민을 대상으로

김용배,장원기,황보영,김화성,안규동,이병국,이용진,이남수,이상건,이상범,이상우,이선정,이성수 순천향대학교 2006 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.12 No.1

Objective : As the average lifespan of human increases, osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures have become major health care problems. Despite recent advances in medical treatment, few studies have assessed the recognition of osteoporosis in general adults. This study examined the recognition of osteoporosis and analyzed the relating factors. Method : A population-based sample of 1086 adults in Asan-city, Korea was investigated with questionnaires and height, weight, Information regarding the general characteristics(gender, age, economic state), lifestylef exercise, smoking, alcohol),medical history(progestin, GH, steroid, calcitonin, PTH), demographic parameter, obesity, stress, and family history was collected through an interview using a structural questionnaire. The level of obesity was measured by the body mass index(BMI). BMD(Bone mineral density) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Osteoporosis was considered to be T-score below -2.5. Results : The prevalence of osteoporosis increased progressively with age, decreased with BMI and predominant in women by the result of x^(2) -test, T-test. Age, weight, BMI were significantly correlated with osteoporosis by the result of Pearson correlation ana1ysis(P<0.05). And age, gender, BMI, family history of osteoporosis were proved to be significant risk factors of osteoporosis by the result of multiple logistic regression(P<0.05). Conclusion : These results suggest that age, gender, BMI might be the most important risk factors of osteoporosis. And the history taking about family history of osteoporosis is helpful for diagnosing osteoporosis.

감염된 가축과의 직접 접촉 없이 발생한 브루셀라증 환자1례와 축산 부산물 시장에서의 역학조사 : Sero-epidemiology Study on Market, by-product, Stock-raising

정성주,김성범,박대원,정혜원,기세윤,권정아,박만석,박미연,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

브루셀라증은 전 세계적으로 발생하는 인수공통 전염병중에 하나로서, 본 증례는 국내에서 감염된 가축에 대한 노출력이 없는 집단에서 현증 브루셀라증이 발생한 첫 증례이기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고한다. 또한 환자가 근무하였던 축산물 부산물 시장에서 역학 조사를 실시하여, 현증환자 및 기감염자를 발견하여 축산물 부산물 시장 근무자에서 현증 브루셀라증이 발생할 위험성을 평가하였다. 역학 조사 결과 축산물 부산물을 다루는 일을 하는 사람들에서 감염된 가축과의 직접 접촉이 없이도 브루셀라증이 발생할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. Brucellosis is a world-wide zoonotic disease. We report the first case of brucellosis in South Korea that is not related to direct contract with intected cattles. The patient had been working in the market of by-product, stock raising for twenty years and complained of 1-month history of fever, chill, and intermittent epistaxis. We confirmed brucellosis by anti-brucella antibody test and PCR. After 6 weeks' treatment with rifampicin and doxycycline, fever and chilling subsided, and, generalized weakness and oral intake improved. We performed seroepidemiology study against workers who were working in the same market as the patient. However, we couldn't find out other cases with seropositivity. We concluded that although the workers of by-product market have a risk of getting brucellosis, the risk is low.

폐쇄성 황달로 내원한 담관내 증식을 동반한 간세포암 1예

김승범,김태년,이호찬,박재현,은종렬,장병익,이헌주,윤성수,배영경 영남대학교 의과대학 2008 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.25 No.2

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma presenting as obstructive jaundice is 0.7 -9% The mechanisms of obstructive jaundice include bile duct invasion by tumor, tumor thrombi, blood clots, direct bile duct compression by tumor, and intraductal tumor growth. We report a rare case of hepatocellular carcinoma with intraductal growth A 46-year-o1d woman was admitted due to colicky right upper abdominal pain and jaundice for 4 days Computed tomography showed dilatation of the left intrahepatic duct, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography showed a filhng defect in the left main intrahepatic duct. We performed a left lobectomy with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. The tumor was diagnosed as a hepatocellular carcinoma with intraductal growth.

Slurry 반응조를 이용한 퇴적준설물내 질소의 생물학적처리에 관한 연구

정연규,배범한,김용학,전제철,엄성범 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 2002 논문집 Vol.33 No.2

The eutrophication control and prevention can be accomplished through removal of the nutrients known as main contributors. However, for the case of lakes and rivers where significant amounts of the nutrients were already entered, there should be a limit on the eutrophication control. Accordingly, it is indispensable to remove the nutrients present in sediments in view of both obtaining water resources and preserving the environment, and, therefore, this study focuses on nitrogen removal among the nutrients in sediments. For nitrogen removal in sediments, nitrification and denitrification were applied as a biological removal process to a slurry reactor available for bioremediation of contaminated soils. With approx. 508㎎/㎏ of T-N concentration in the treated sediments, about 50 % of initial nitrogen concentration was accordingly removed after total 9-day operation of a 10 %-slurry reactor under oxic and anoxic conditions for 4 hrs and 2 hrs, respectively. This means that 25 % of T-N leachates in physical fractions were removed from the sediments through the nitrification and denitrification, and additional 25 % were removed under the same process after extracted from the sediments by a biological mechanism such as organic biodegradation. As a result, 20 % larger nitrogen amounts added were removed after leached from the sediments, which was probably caused by the fact that biological activity was increased by optimization of operating conditions as well as that mineralization and ammonification of organic matters in sediments were elevated by the enlarged population of microorganism after injection of organic C-sources and trace elements. The denitrification was more activated after the injection of organic C-sources and trace elements. The leaching amount of ammonium also increased steeply. The nitrification rate of the slurry reactor was 189 ng N/min·g in dry weight.

소아의 혈관내 응고증후군

박용훈,김홍배,강덕식,이상범 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1982 慶北醫大誌 Vol.23 No.2

We have reviewed 11 cases of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) admitted to the Pediatric department of Kyungpook National University Hospital from January 1981 to July 1982. Age distribution showed 4 cases below, year of age including 2 neonatal cases, 2 between 1 to 5 years of age, 2 between 6 to 10 years of age and 3 between 11 to 15 years of age. Three of these 11 cases are male and the rest 8 female. DIC developed within the first 5 admission day in 7 cases, from the 6th to the 10th day in one and after the 10th in three. Factors predisposing to DIC included infection (11 cases) which were usually systemic, shock, recent surgery and malignancy. Diagnostic coagulation studies included low platelet count below 100,000/cumm (all 11 cases), prolonged PT (10 cases) and PTT (all 11 cases). All patients had abnormal hemorrhage and the majority being petechiae on the skin (8 cases) followed by oozing from the injection site (6 cases), melena (4 cases), epistaxis (3 cases), bleeding from the oral cavity (3 cases), intracranial hemorrhage (1 case) and hematuria (1 case). Local ischemic manifestations probablly due to the thrombus formation were respiratory distress (9 cases), mental disturbance (9 cases), diarrhea (8 cases), abdominal pain (7 cases) and acrocyanosis (3 cases). Shock due to systemic circulatory disturbance was also seen in 5 cases. Treatment included transfusion of fresh whole blood and Vitamin K admimistration in all cases, plalelet transfusion in 6 cases, Corticosteroid administration in 4 cases and none received Heparin. Only 3 cases showed improvement and the rest discharged hopelessly and/or died. key words: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation.

育兒相談室에서 追跡觀察한 大邱地方 영유아들의 成長發育에 대해서

權五永,金洪培,李相範 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1981 慶北醫大誌 Vol.22 No.2

本 小兒科 育兒相談室에 登錄된 333名(男兒 185名, 女兒 148名)에 대한 身體發育狀態를 調査하여 다음과 같은 成績을 얻었다. 1. 性別로 본 對象 영아의 成績發育은 各 營養群 모두 男兒가 女兒보다 優位를 보였다. 2. 營養別로 보면 세가지 營養群의 成長發育에서 體重과 身長은 母乳, 混合, 人工營養兒群 사이에는 意味있는 差異를 볼 수 없었다. 3. 體重은 本 調査値가 韓國標準値에 비해 男女 모두 6個月까지는 약간 優位를 보였으나, 그 이후로는 점차 顯著한 優位를 보였다. 그리고 日本平均値에 비해서는 男兒는 첫 2個月을 제외하고는 日本平均値보다 優位를 보였고, 女兒는 生後 5個月까지는 약간 劣勢에 있었으나, 7個月 以後부터는 오히려 약간 優位를 보였다. 4. 身長은 本 調査値가 韓國標準値에 비해 男兒는 첫 2個月을 제외하고는 6個月까지 약간 優位를 나타내었으며, 7個月부터는 1㎝ 以上의 顯著한 優位를 보였고, 女兒는 6個月 以後부터는 약간 優位를 나타내었다. 그리고 日本平均値에 비해서는 男女兒 모두 7個月 以後부터 약간 優位를 보였다. 5. 頭圍는 本 調査群値가 韓國標準値에 비해 男女兒 모두 優位를 보였다. 그리고 日本平均値에 비해서도 男女兒 모두 약간 優位를 나타냈다. Author investigated the growth and developmental status of infants registered in Well Baby Clinic and compared this with the growth standards of Korean and Japanese children. This study group is consisted of 333 infants under 12 months of age with 185 males and 148 females. The following results were obtained: Comparing growth data by sex showed males being superior to females in all measurements and comparing growth data according to breast-fed, bottle-fed and mixed-fed infants showed no significant difference. Comparing body weight with the growth standard of Korean children showed their weights being slightly superior to those of Korean standrrd up to 6 months of age and after then far more superior. Comparing body weight with the growth standard of Japanese children showed that body weights of male infants were superior to those of Japanese standardexcept first 2 months and those of female infants inferior to those of Japanese standard up to 5 months of age and after then slightly superior. Comparing body length with the growth standard of korean children showed that body lengths of male infants were slightly superior to those of Korean standard up to 6 months of age except first 2 months and after 7 months of age far more superior and those of female infants were slightly superior to those of korean standard after 6 months of age. Comparing body length with the growth standard of japanese children showed their lengths being slightly inferior to those of japanese standard up to 7 months of age and after then slightly superior in both sexes. Comparing head circumference with the growth standard of Korean children and those of Japanese children showed their circumfesences being slightly superior to those of Korean and Japanese standard in both sexes.

산후에 발병한 특발성 부갑상선 기능저하증 I 예

김정인,김상용,신병철,김경남,서영욱,이범주,김진화,배학연 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2002 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.27 No.2

Hypoparathyroidism is usually the result of an inadvertent surgical removal of all the parathyroid glands, In some instances, not all the tissues are removed, but the remainder undergoes vascular supply compromise secondary to the fibrotic changes in the neck after surgery, Previously, the surgery for hyperthyroidism was the most frequent cause of acquired hypoparathyroidism. Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism is a relatively rare disease that is characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia due to a parathyroid hormone deficiency of an unknown cause, It usually develops at a young age, and shows various clinical symptoms and signs accompanied with hypocalcemia. In addition, it is rarely associated with polyglandular autoimmune syndrome during the follow-up. Hypocalcemia and idiopathic hypoparathyroidism associated with labor and lactation are rarely reported condition previously. We here describe a case of a woman in whom the symptomatic severe hypocalcemia appeared after her delivery. We reviewed all the previously reported cases and suggest a possible physiological explanation for the association between pregnancy, lactation, and the appearance of symptomatic hypocalcemia.

Methotrexate 치료를 받고 있는 활동성 류마티스 관절염 환자에서 etanercept의 유효성과 안전성에 관한 연구

최병렬,강태영,정청일,이혜순,엄완식,김태환,전재범,유대현,배상철 대한내과학회 2004 대한내과학회지 Vol.66 No.5

목적 : 류마티스 관절염을 앓고 있는 한국인 중에 기존 DMARDs로 치료 실패하였고, 고정용량의 MTX를 복용하고 있는 환자들에 있어서 etanercept의 유효성과 안전성을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법 : 기존 DMARDs로 치료 실패한 활동성 류마티스 관절염 환자 76명을 대상으로 하여 단일군, 공개시험을 하였다. 대상 환자들은 고정용량의 MTX를 복용하면서 etanercept 25 mg을 1주일에 두 번 피하 주사하였으며 12주간 투여하였다. 유효성은 ACR 20, ACR 50,조조강직 시간으로 평가하였고, 약제의 안전성은 이상반응 등으로 평가하였다. 결과 : 대상 환자는 총 76명으로 평균 연령은 45.2세, 남자 5명, 여자 71명이었다. 84.4%인 54명이 12주째에 ACR 20을 만족하였고, 53.1%인 34명이 12주째에 ACR 50을 만족하였다. 조조 강직 시간은 치료 전 203.3분에서 치료 12주째 42.6분을 평균 74.5% 호전되었다. 가장 흔한 이상반응은 주사부위 반응이었다. 이외에도 상기도 감염, 오심, 안면부종 등이 발생하였으나 심각한 부작용은 없었다. 결론 : etanercept는 효과적이고, 안전한 류마티스 관절염 치료 방법이며 특히 MTX치료에도 불구하고 활동성인 류마티스 관절염에 기대되는 치료라고 할 수 있다. Background : This study was performed to investigate the efficacy and safety of etanercept in active rheumatoid arthritis patients with stable dose of methotrexate in Korean. Methods : In a 12 week, single arm, open trial, we assigned 76 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis who had an inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Patients received twice-weekly subcutaneous injections of etanercept 25 ㎎ while containing to receive methotrexate at a stable dose of 7.5~25 ㎎ per week. The clinical response was defined as the percent improvement in disease activity according to the criteria of the American Collage of Rheumatology (ACR) at 12 weeks. Results : Etanrecept led to significant improvements in disease activity and was safe and well tolerated. At 12 week, 84.4% of the patients receiving 25 ㎎ of etanercept achieved a 20% ACR response, and 53.1% of those receiving etanercept achieved a 50% ACR response. The most common adverse event was injection-site reaction. Other advanse events were upper respiratory infection, nausea, and facial edema, but there were no serious adverse events associated with etanercept. Conclusion : In active rheumatoid arthritis patients, etanercept was safe, well tolerated, and provided rapid clinical improvements.

A Phase 1 Study Using Autologous Natural Killer Cells in Patients with HAIC-Hepatocellular Carcinoma

( Sung Bum Cho ),( Chung Hwan Jun ),( Sung Kyu Choi ),( Woo Kyun Bae ),( Je Jung Lee ),( Yang Jun Kang ),( Cheol Kyun Cho ),( Yang Seok Ko ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy has recently been tried with advances of understanding the role of immune defense against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To improve NK cells therapy, we focused to increasing delivery of NK cells and synergic effect combined with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC). Methods: We did a prospective, open label, phase 1 trial of the safety and efficacy of autologous NK cells through hepatic arterial infusion as sequential therapy after HAIC in advanced HCC patients. Between March 2016 and July 2017, 11 patients were included who showed favorable response more than stable disease (SD) after 2 sessions of HAIC in advanced HCC patients with child A. A total 4 sessions of HAIC were performed the protocols of infusion of cisplatin (25/m2) and 5-fluorouracil (750/m²) for 4 days every 3-4 weeks interval. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients by leukapheresis were ob-tained after 3^rd HAIC and NK cells were expanded for 2 weeks under Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP). Patients received planned dosage of NK cells through chemoport into hepatic artery for 5 days after 4^th HAIC (3 patients; 2.5x108, 3 patients; 5x10⁸, 5 patients; injection of 10x10⁸ NK cells). The primary end point was safety of NK cell injection; secondary endpoint included objective response rate (modified Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors), time to progression, dura-tion of response and immunologic efficacy. Results: Any adverse events of NK cells injection were none according to dosage. An objective response was observed in 7 patients (63.6%) included three complete responses and four partial responses. Stable disease was observed in 2 patients and progressive disease was in 2 patients and thus disease control rate was 81.8%. The mean duration of time to progression was 9.7±5.3 month and duration of response without chemotherapy was 6.1±5.2 month. The newly metastatic lesion was occurred in 3 patents (27.2%; lymph node 1 patients, Lung 2 patients). Two patients were died by tumor progression and others were still alive. The increasing immunologic response was observed in 5 patients (55 %) to evaluate cytotoxicity and NK cell proportion of peripheral mononuclear cells after NK cell injection. Conclusions: The HAIC and NK cells immunotherapy is safe and effective treatment in the advance HCC patient with favorable liver function. The additional studies are urgently required to establish the new novel treatment.