Thermodynamic Calculations and Parameter Variations for Improving the Extraction Efficiency of Dy in Ternary Alloy System

Sun‑Woo Nam,Sang‑Min Park,Do‑Hyang Kim,Taek‑Soo Kim 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.3

The extraction behavior of dysprosium (Dy) in a rapidly solidified Dy–Fe–B alloy system consisting of Dy2Fe14Band Dy6Fe23phases was investigated using the liquid metal extraction (LME) process. Liquid magnesium (Mg) was selected as the solventmetal in LME because it forms intermetallic compounds with Dy but not with iron (Fe) and boron (B) in this process. Thediffusion behavior of Dy was estimated through thermodynamic calculations and subsequently confirmed by process parameterssuch as temperature and reaction time. As the temperature increases, the extraction rate increases and the maximumextraction efficiency is about 74% Dy for 1 h at 1000 °C. As the reaction time increases, we achieved the maximum extractionefficiency of 95% Dy after 24 h at 900 °C. The factor affecting Dy extraction ratio up to 6 h is Dy6Fe23phase, after which theextraction mainly occurs in Dy2Fe14Bphase. Furthermore, the diffusion behavior is described in detail with analysis basedon microstructural and compositional properties. The effects of process parameters on extraction rate are also discussed.

Aptamer‑linked immobilized sorbent assay for detecting GMO marker, phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT)

Woo‑Ri Shin,Mun‑Jong Lee,SEKHONSIMRANJEET SINGH,Ji Hun Kim,Sun Chang Kim,Byung‑Kwan Cho,Ji‑Young Ahn,Yang‑Hoon Kim 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.3

Background Development of genetically modified crops has rapidly increased in last few years. The most widely grown GM crops express genes that confer herbicide tolerance and insect resistance. Detection system of GM crops is important for safety evaluation before its consumption. Objective The purpose of this research is to detect GM crops, especially PAT, in food-samples. Results The bar gene (PAT protein, herbicide resistant) was cloned in pGEX-4T-1 and expressed by E. coli. The high-affinity PAT-specific single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamers were obtained from a random DNA library. MOE docking study was performed to identify the potential binding region of the selected aptamers on PAT. Aptamer-linked immobilized sorbent assay (ALISA) method was used to detect PAT. Conclusion We screened aptamer against PAT for developing an efficient detection method. The selected PAT specific aptamers, HRPA-05 and HRPA-07, showed the distinct target binding behaviors, and detected PAT protein by aptamer-linked immobilized sorbent assay method with high efficiency and selectivity.

백서 심실 근세포 L 형 Ca^(2+) 전류에 대한 유체압력의 효과

이선우,우선희 忠南大學校 生命科學硏究院 醫藥品開發硏究所 2006 藥學論文集 Vol.21 No.-

Cardiac chambers serve as mechanosensory systems during the haemodynamic or mechanical disturbances. To examine possible role of fluid pressure (FP) in the regulation of atrial Ca^(2+) signaling we investigated the effect of FP on L-type Ca^(2+) current(I_(Ca)) in rat ventricular myocytes using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. FP(~40 cm H_(2)O) was applied to whole area of single myocytes with electronically controlled micro-jet system. FP suppressed the magnitude of peak I_(Ca) by ?25% at 0 mV without changing voltage dependence of the current-voltage relationship. FP significantly accelerated slow component of inactivation of I_(Ca), but not its fast component. Analysis of steady-state inactivation curve revealed a reduction of the number of Ca^(2+) channels available for activity in the presence of FP. Dialysis of myocytes with high concentration of immobile Ca^(2+) buffer partially attenuated the FP-induced suppression of I_(ca). In addition, the intracellular Ca^(2+) buffering abolished the FP-induced acceleration of slow component of I_(Ca) inactivation. The results indicate that FP reduces Ca^(2+) current, in part, by increasing cytosolic Ca^(2+) concentration.

사망진단서(사체검안서) 상의 선행사인으로부터 사망통계의 원사인이 선정되는 비율 : 3개 대학병원에서 교부된 사망진단서를 중심으로

박우성,박석건,정철원,김우철,탁우택,김부연,서순원,김광환,서진숙,부유경 한국의료QA학회 2004 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.11 No.1

Background : To exatnine the problems intolved in writing practice of death certificates, we cotnpated the determination of underlying cause of death for wital statistics using recorded underlying cause of death in issued death statistics. Methods : We collected 688 rnortality certificates issue in year of 2,000 from 3 university hospitals. And we also collected vital statistics from ministry of statistics. The causes of death were coded by experienced medical record wpecialists. And causes of death determined at ministry of statistics for national vita statistics were mapped to causes of death recorded at each death certificates. The rate that underlying causes of death for vital statistics were derived from underlying causes of death recorded at issued death certificaties sere analysed. Results : 64.5% of underlying cause of death for could be derived from underlying cause of death recorded at issued death certificates, 8.6% derived from intermediate cause of death, and 3.9% derived from direct cause of death. In 23% of cases, underlying cause of death could not be derived using issued death certificates. The rate that underlying cause of death for vital statistics could be derived from underlying cause of death recorded at death certificates was different between 3 university hospitals. Ane the rate was also different between death certificates and postmortem certificates. We classified the causes of death using 21 major categories. The rate was different between diseases or conditions tha caused death too. Conclusion : When we examined the correctness of death certificate writing practice using abpve methods, cortectness of writing could not be told as satisfactory. There was difference in correctness of writing between hospotals, between death certificates and postmortem certificates, and between diseases and conditions that caused death. With this results, we suggested some strategy to improve the correctness of death certificate writing practice.

Differentiation of Desmoplastic Spitz Nevus from Similar Conditions

( Min-woo Kim ),( Ji Soo Lim ),( Yun Seon Choe ),( Jung Ho Kim ),( Hyun-sun Yoon ),( Soyun Cho ),( Hyun-sun Park ) 대한피부과학회 2016 대한피부과학회지 Vol.54 No.9

The diagnosis of classic Spitz nevus with characteristic histopathologic findings is often straightforward, but unusual variants can cause diagnostic difficulties. Desmoplastic Spitz nevus (DSN) is of particular importance, as its differential diagnosis from other diseases, including desmoplastic malignant melanoma (DMM), is essential but often difficult¹. A 38-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a 6-mm brownish papule of unknown onset on the dorsum of her left hand (Fig. 1A). She did not report any change in the papule size, trauma history, or related symptoms, but she wanted to have the lesion removed. Punch excision of the specimen revealed proliferation of individual spindle and epithelioid cells with scanty pigmentation within dense colla-genous dermal stroma (Fig. 1B, C). The specimen was focal positive for S-100 and HMB-45, positive for Melan-A, and 1% positive for Ki-67 (Fig. 2A∼C). The lesion did not recur after punch excision at the 1-year follow-up. Since its first report in 1975, there have been only a few case series of DSN owing to the rarity of this disease and its under-recognition, except for intermittent case reports^1-3. DSN usually presents as a small red-brown papule on the trunk and extremities. It can occur at any age, but is mostly observed in young adults, with a slight female predominance. The distinctive histopathologic features of DSN―an intradermal growth pattern of large spindle or epithelioid nevus cells embedded in a fibrotic stroma, sparse melanin pigment, no junctional activity, no Kamino bodies, no prominent nest formation―can aid its differentiation from clinical simulators. Additionally, immunohistochemistry is essential for a differential diagnosis. DSN tests positive for S-100, Melan-A, and HMB-45, whereas dermatofibroma is negative for all three³. Hypomelanotic blue nevus shows uniform positivity for HMB-45, whereas DSN shows differential expression in most spindled cells3. The distinction between DSN and DMM is the most important. DMM is more common in elderly patients and tends to occur on sun-damaged head and neck areas. It also shows cellular atypia, strong mitotic activity and Ki-67 expression, less frequent S-100 and Melan-A positivity, and almost exclusive negativity for HMB-45^2,3. Some researchers regarded DSN as an end stage of Spitz nevus that had lost continuity with the epidermis and undergone fibrosis. Paniago-Pereira et al.² also reported that DSNs occurred in patients older than 30 years. These findings suggest that desmoplasia might be an aging process of Spitz nevus. However, Barr et al.1 found no significant difference in patient age, disease duration, or trauma history between patients with DSN and common variants of Spitz nevus, and suggested that desmoplasia may be a tumor-induced reactive stromal induction rather than a regressive phenomenon. The pathogenesis of desmoplasia has not yet been clearly elucidated. Moreover, it is controversial whether DSN should be regarded as a variant of Spitz nevus or whether it belongs to a spectrum of desmoplastic nevus as a distinctive entity^3,4. Some researchers5 suggested strict diagnostic criteria for de-smoplastic nevus, including greater cellularity in the super-ficial portion, and a mixture of melanocytic nevus cells, ovoid and dendritic melanocytes, and spitzoid melanocytes. Further, they mentioned that lesions in which one particular type of melanocyte predominates over others are more likely to represent DSN. Dermoscopic findings can also aid the distinction, because DSN shows dotted vessels and reticular depigmentation whereas desmoplastic nevus demonstrates a delicate pigment network over a pinkish background⁴. Although it is regrettable that we did not acquire dermoscopic image to support the diagnosis, our case overall seems more com-patible with DSN. However, the probability of a morphologic spectrum that embraces DSN and desmoplastic nevus cannot be excluded, and requires further studies. Here, we report an unusual desmoplastic variant of Spitz nevus with a literature review, and propose keynotes for differential diagnosis from its simulators, especially DMM.

『한중학습사전』 대역 작업의 난제와 해결 방안에 대한 모색

장선우(Chang Sun?woo),도원영(Doh won young) 한국사전학회 2017 한국사전학 Vol.- No.29

In this paper, we suggested the way dealing with a lot of translation problems we found out while compiling a KoreanᐨChinese learner’s dictionary(working title) that comes from the difference between two languages. In the second chapter, we segregated headwords into ones with equivalent languages and ones without equivalent languages. In the former case, we dealt with standards of selecting headwords, the number of presented vocabularies and the order of arrangement. In the latter case, the difficulties of translation work by definition clarification methods are dealt with. In the third chapter, we examined cases of intricate translation problems having difficulty to follow our primary principle in example translation: To clarify the meaning enough so that learners can understand the Korean word’s usages. Problems such as the absence of the equivalent languages, the way to do same shape words’ Chinese characterization, the existence of some definitions requiring cultural background explanation are all discussed with some examples. In the fourth chapter, we proposed the way of doing a cross review, checking associated words, getting the revision of native speakers as a solution for preventing the problems caused by the lack of translator’s knowledge and experience.

Bromocriptine 과 Cyproheptadine 이 Corticotropin-releasing Factor(CRF) 로 자극된 ACTH 분비에 미치는 효과

김진우,최영길,김영설,김광원,김선우,양인명,윤현구,우정택 대한내과학회 1986 대한내과학회지 Vol.31 No.5

Our study was desinged to observe the ACTH response to ovine CRF in healthy men and to observe the effect of bromocriptine or cyproheptine on ACTH and cortisol response induced by ovine CRF in healthy men. We have hypothesis that if hromocriptine or cyproheptatine inhibits the secretion of ACTH induced by ovine CRF, they decrease the secretion of ACTH in the pituitary level. The result were followings: 1) Plasma ACTH reached a peak of 1.5 and 1.6 times the basal level in response to ovine CRF at 10 min, and 30 min, respectively and decreased to the basal level at 90 min. 2) Cyproheptadine or bromocriptine did not inhibit the response of ACTH to ovine CRF. 3) We suggest that cyproheptadine or bromocriptine does not inhibit the ACTH secretion in the normal pituitary gland.

Chronological Harmonization between the Two Creation Accounts in Genesis

황선우(Hwang, Sun-Woo) 한국개혁신학회 2011 개혁논총 Vol.18 No.-

구약 오경의 문서설(JEDP)이 비평적 학계에서 널리 받아들여진 이래로 비평적 학계에서는 창세기 1:1-2:3 (1:1-2:4a) 과 2:4-25 (2:4b-25)을 각각 P와 J문서로 보며 하나님의 이름과 문예적 특징, 창조순서가 서로 다른 두 개의 모순적인 기사들로 여겨 왔다. 이 소론에서 필자는 두 창조기사의 여러 대조점 가운데 특별히 창조기사의 순서를 분석하여 두 창조기사의 순서가 서로 모순적인 관계에 있지 않고 보완적이며 조화로운 관계에 있음을 밝히고자 하였다. 이 분석을 위해 필자는 먼저 창조순서에 있어 여러 논쟁점을 지니고 있는 첫째 창조기사를 분석하였다. 첫째 창조기사의 창조순서를 인정하지 않는 학자들에게 중요한 두 논지는 첫째, 첫 번째 창조기사는 바벨론 신화에서 빌려온 비역사적 기사라는 것이고 둘째, 창조기사의 창조순서는 과학적으로 납득되지 않는다는 것이다. 두 번째 주장은 구체적으로 빛의 창조에 관한 첫째 날과 넷째 날의 관계에 주목한다. 이 두 논지에 반박하여 필자는 첫 번째 창조기사와 바벨론 신화 사이에 고대근동 문학으로서의 유사성뿐만 아니라 다양한 상이성이 있음을 확인함으로 첫째 창조 기사를 비역사적 고대 바벨론 신화의 아류라고 단정할 수 없음을 논증하였고, 넷째 날 태양의 창조 이전의 시간개념의 도입은 첫째 날 빛의 창조로 가능할 수 있음을 본문 주석을 통해 논증하였다. 두 창조기사의 관계에 관하여는 첫째 창조기사가 창조된 순서대로 (chronologically) 기술된 반면 둘째 창조기사는 인간의 창조에 초점을 맞추어 주제별로 (topically) 기술되었음을 논증하였다. 따라서 창조순서의 측면에서 볼 때 첫째 창조기사와 둘째 창조기사는 모순적 관계에 있지 않고 상호 보완적 관계를 지니며 두 창조기사를 통해 독자는 하나님의 창조를 다각적으로 이해 할 수 있다. Ever since the Documentary Hypothesis (JEDP) was widely accepted in the critical circle of the Old Testament studies, Genesis 1:1-2:3 (or 1:1-2:4a) and Genesis 2:4-25 (or 2:4b-25) have been considered as two different and contradictory creation stories that belong to P and J respectively by noticing differences between the two accounts: names of God, literary style, and creation order, etc. Among the issues of differences between the two accounts, I have focused on the creation order of the two to demonstrate that the two accounts are not contradictory but harmonizable. The first step, for the search of the harmonization, is to decide the debated issue of the chronological order of the first account. There are two major groups of supporting non-chronological reading of the first creation account. The first group believes that the first creation account is an unhistorical account borrowed from Babylonian myths. The second group claims a nonchronological reading of the text mainly from their desire to harmonize their scientific data with the first creation account, specially in regard to the relationship between the first day and the fourth day. In opposition to the both arguments I defended the chronological reading of the first account. Many uniquenesses of the first creation story were discovered in comparison with other ancient creation literatures. Concerning the question of the sun’s function before the creation of the sun on the fourth day, I argued that the light created on the first day carried the role of the sun, the light bearer, before it was created on the fourth day, although we do not know exactly how the first light functioned. As for the second creation account non-chronological, topical reading is compelling by observing the author’s intention of emphasis on the creation of man. Therefore, the two creation accounts do not have internal contradiction in terms of the chronology. The author of Genesis did not make a mistake on harmonization of the chronology between the texts. Rather he must have intended to make the accounts complementary for better understanding of God’s creation of man and the world.

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 II (표준화 실례) : 2차년도 연구결과 중간 보고

양기상,최선미,최승훈,안규석,박경모,박종현,김성우,신승호,정우열,전병훈,고현,김정범,신상우,김성훈,김동희,권영규,엄현섭,장혜옥 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.2 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the second year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows; - differential diagnosis according to condition of body fluid, differentiation of syndromes according to the state of qi and blood, differential diagnosis according to relative excessiveness or deficiency of yin and yang(氣血陰陽津液辨證) - differentiation of diseases according to pathological changes of the viscera and their interrelation - analyzing and differentiating of febrile diseases in accordance with the theory of the six channels(傷寒辨證) The individual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name(異名), notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs(辨證指標), the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern(證候分析), discrimination of diagnosis pattern(證候鑑別), a way of curing a diseases(治法), prescription(處方), herb in common use(常用藥物), diseases appearing the diagnosis pattern(常見疾病), documents(文獻調査). This study was carried out on the basis of the Chinese documents and references.

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.