Intracellular IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-gamma levels of leukemic cells and bone marrow T cells in acute leukemia.

Park, Hun Hee,Kim, Myungshin,Lee, Bong-Hee,Lim, Jihyang,Kim, Yonggoo,Lee, Eun Jung,Min, Woo Sung,Kang, Chang Suk,Kim, Won Il,Shim, Sang In,Han, Kyungja Institute for Clinical Science] 2006 Annals of clinical and laboratory science Vol.36 No.1

<P>The quantitative levels of intracellular cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-gamma (ie, the number of bound PE-conjugated antibody molecules/cell) of leukemic cells and bone marrow T cells (bmT cells) of acute leukemia patients were analyzed by flow cytometry. One hundred, thirty-one (95 AML, 25 ALL, 11 ABL) patients were studied. The leukemic cell IL-4 level was highest in the monocytic AML group (1735 +/- 1056) and lowest in the dysplastic AML group (960 +/- 545). The IFN-gamma level was highest in the acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) group (495 +/- 159), and lowest in the ALL group (252 +/- 119). The IL-10 level was not significantly different among the diagnosis groups. In bmT cells, the IL-10 level was highest in the dysplastic AML group (972 +/- 1049) and lowest in the APL group (397 +/- 352). The leukemic cell cytokine levels were lowest and bmT cell cytokine levels were highest in the dysplastic AML group. There were no significant correlations of these cytokine levels with 2-yr survival rate, complete remission (CR) rate, or relapse rate. The cytokine levels of bmT cells at the time of CR became normal and were not different among the diagnosis groups. In summary, leukemic cell and bmT cell cytoplasmic expression profiles of IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-gamma are characteristic for each diagnostic group of acute leukemia patients and the profiles of bmT cells are normal at the time of CR.</P>

퇴행성 관절염에서 Interleukin-6와 Soluble Interleukin-6 Receptor

장재석 ( Jae Suk Chang ),정용갑 ( Yong Gab Jeong ),조우신 ( Woo Shin Cho ),빈성일 ( Seong Il Bin ),엄규황 ( Kyu Hwang Ym ),김정화 ( Jung Hwa Kim ) 대한류마티스학회 2000 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.7 No.3

Objective: Unlike other soluble receptors, the soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) cooperates with IL-6 to activate gp130 of effector cell. As the IL-6 and sIL-6R are important in the rheumatoid disease, this study was designed to measure concentration of IL-6 and sIL-6R in synovium and synovial fluid of the degenerative arthritis. Methods: The synovium and synovial fluid were obtained during total knee replacement arthroplasty. The synovium was taken from eleven patients, and synovial fluid taken from sixteen patients. Same patients between two groups were seven. Tissue cultures of the synovial tissues were done with 10% FBS for 72 hours. After irrigation, thery were incubated for 48 hours without FBS, and the culture media and the synovial fluid were collected after centrifuged at 2500rpm for 10 minutes. The level of IL-6 and sIL-6R were measured by quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. Results: In the synovium, the IL-6 level was 5.1±0.12ng/ml, and the sIL-6R level was 0.41±0.25ng/ml. In the synovial fluid, the IL-6 level was 0.09± 0.15ng/ml, and the sIL-6R level was 10.37±3.28ng/ml. These results show that IL-6 concentration was measured highly in two groups, especially in synovium (sixty times), and the sIL-6R concentration was measured significantly high in synovial fluid (twenty-five times). Conclusion: The IL-6 and sIL-6R were elevated in degenerative arthrits. We confirmed the source of IL-6 was synovium (very high in synovial tissue culture media), but we need further study for the source of sIL-6R as it was remarkably elevated as IL-6 and its level was lower than serum.

Naringin Protects Ovalbumin-induced Asthma through the Down-regulation of MMP-9 Activity and GATA-3 Gene

Chang-Min Lee(이창민),Jeong Hyun Chang(장정현),In Duk Jung(정인덕),Young-Il Jeong(정영일),Noh Kyung Tae(노경태),Hee-ju Park(박희주),Jong-Suk Kim(김종석),Yong Kyoo Shin(신용규),Sung Nam Park(박성남),Yeong-Min Park(박영민) 한국생명과학회 2009 생명과학회지 Vol.19 No.6

Naringin은 레몬, 오렌지에서 발견되는 flavonoid계열에 속하는 물질로 여러 식물과 과일에 다량 함유되어 있다. 항암, 항산화 작용을 하는 것으로 알려져 있는 Naringin을 ovalbumin (OVA)으로 유도한 천식(asthma) 생쥐모델을 이용하여 치료효과를 알아 보았다. 기관지 폐포 세척액을 회수하여 백혈구의 수적 변화, 제2형 협조T세포(Th2 cell)가 생산하는 IL-4, IL-5의 생산에 미치는 영향과 폐조직에서 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 활성을 측정하였다. 또한, 최근에 Th1/Th2 전사인자로서 GATA-3가 밝혀졌는데 이번 실험에서 Naringin이 ovalbumin (OVA)으로 유도한 천식(asthma) 생쥐모델에서 Th1, Th2 싸이토카인과 유전자 발현을 조절할 수 있는가에 대하여 알아보았다 그 결과 기관지 폐포 세척액에서 OVA로 감작하여 천식을 유도한 실험군에서는 호산구의 현저한 증가, Th2 형 싸이토카인(IL-4, IL-5)의 증가가 관찰되었다. 그러나 Naringin을 투여한 그룹에서는 OVA의 감작에 의하여 증가한 각종 염증성 지표들이 감소하거나 정상화 되었다. 또한 OVA에 의하여 증가된 기도저항성이 Naringin 투여에 의하여 감소하였으며 폐조직의 염증성 소견도 뚜렷하게 감소되었다. 이와 같은 연구 결과는 Naringin이 천식의 치료에 유용하게 쓰일 수 있음을 시사해준다. The common word flavonoids is often used to classify a family of natural compounds, highly abundant in all higher plants, that have received significant therapeutic interest in recent years. Naringin is associated with a reduced risk of heart disease, neurodegenerative disease, cancer and other chronic diseases; however the molecular basis of this effect remains to be elucidated. Thus we attempted to elucidate the anti-allergic effect of Naringin in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model mice. The OVA-induced mice showed allergic reactions in the airways. These included an increase in the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, an increase in inflammatory cell infiltration into the lung around blood vessels and airways, airway luminal narrowing, and the development of airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). The administration of Naringin before the last airway OVA challenge resulted in a significant inhibition of all asthmatic reactions. Accordingly, this study may provide evidence that Naringin plays a critical role in the amelioration of the pathogenetic process of asthma in mice. These findings provide new insight into the immunopharmacological role of Naringin in terms of its effects on asthma in mice.

The Nature of Lipopolysaccharide-triggered Nonparenchymal Liver Cell Supernatant Inhabiting Hepatocyte Protein Synthesis in Rats

Park, Il Young,Lee, Jae Hak,Chang, Suk Kyun CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1988 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.16/17 No.1

Several investigators reported that lipopolysaccharide stimulated nonparenchymal cells can inhibit hepatocyte protein synthesis in vitro and the etiologic mechanism of hepatic failure in multiple organ failure with trauma or sepsis is monocyte-macrophage mediated cell injury. The nature of macrophage or leukocyte secretory products were thought to be oxygen radical, lysozomal enzyme, hydrogen peroxide , neutral pretense or prostaglandin, interleukin 1. Authors investigated to find out the nature of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered nonparen-chyrnal liver cells (NPC) culture supernatant which can inhibit hepatocyte protein synthesis. 1. Inhibition of hepatoocyte protein synthesis and thymocyte activity was significantly increased in 24 supernatant. Although the duration of exposure was short or long, inhibition of protein synthsis and thymocyte activity were decreased. The thymocyte proliferation by LPS-triggered NPC supernatant were relatively proportional with the degree of inhibition of hepatocyte protein synthesis. 2. Hepatocyte protein synthesis was slight inhibited by commercial Interleukin-1 (IL-1) 50 units and 25 units but not in 10 units or 1 unit. 3. Release of H_2O_2 from LPS-triggered NPC was lower than standard spectrometry of H_2O_2. Then H_2O_2 was not released during incubation period. 4. Lymphocyte proliferation on LPS-triggered NPC supernatant for 24 supernatant were similar to ^3HTdr incorporation of thymocyte by IL-1 1 unit, 5 units and 10 units. The IL-2 content of LPS-triggered NPC supernatant for 24 hours were similar to thymocyte proliferation by IL-1 1 unit, 5 units and 10 units at 12.5%, 25%, 50% of supernatant concentration.

Analysis of Research Trends in Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Upland in Korea

Sun-Il Lee,Chang-Kyu Lee,Gun-Yeob Kim,Hyo-Suk Gwon,Jong-Sik Lee,Eun-Jung Choi,Joung-Du Shin 한국토양비료학회 2019 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.52 No.4

Global climate change, especially global warming is considered as threat to our future and posterity. Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gas such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) are the main causes of global warming. The Korean government has set a goal to cut the carbon emissions by 37% based on business-as-usual levels by 2030. According to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), agricultural sector is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions. In this regard, it is common belief that reducing of such emission is of great significance to global climate change. In Korea, upland is one of the main sources of agricultural N₂O emission. In order to analyze domestic research trends related to N₂O emissions in the upland, 53 academic publications from 2009 to September 2019 were critically reviewed. The results were classified according to the research purposes. Reduction technologies of N₂O emission account for approximately 28.3%. N₂O characteristics and assessment for 24.5%, development of N₂O emission factors for 22.6%, and N₂O inventory assessment for 20.8% etc. Biochar, green manure, no tillage, and inhibitor were studied as a means of reducing N₂O release. The optimum technologies to reduce N₂O emission in Korea were discussed and proposed through the previous researches.

Association of Increased Pulmonary Interleukin-6 with the Priming Effect of Intra-Amniotic Lipopolysaccharide on Hyperoxic Lung Injury in a Rat Model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Kim, Do-Hyun,Choi, Chang Won,Kim, Ee-Kyung,Kim, Han-Suk,Kim, Beyong Il,Choi, Jung-Hwan,Lee, Myong Jin,Yang, Eun Gyeong S. Karger AG 2010 NEONATOLOGY Vol.98 No.1

<P><I>Background:</I> The authors previously demonstrated the priming effect of intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on hyperoxic lung injury in a rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). <I>Objectives:</I> To investigate the mechanism underlying this priming effect by determining biochemical profiles in a rat model of BPD. <I>Methods:</I> The rat model involved intra-amniotic LPS administration and postnatal hyperoxia (85%). The mRNA expressions of <I>interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF),</I> and <I>transforming growth factor </I>β<SUB><I>1</I></SUB><I> (TGF-</I>β<SUB><I>1</I></SUB><I>),</I> as well as the protein levels of IL-6, VEGF, and protein carbonyl in lung tissue were compared between the LPS plus hyperoxia, the LPS only, the hyperoxia only, and the control groups. <I>Results:</I> Morphometric analysis of lung tissues demonstrated that alveolarization was significantly inhibited only in the LPS plus hyperoxia group. IL-6 protein levels and its mRNA expression in the lungs were significantly increased only in the LPS plus hyperoxia group. Neither LPS nor hyperoxia increased IL-6 in the lungs independently. <I>bFGF</I> mRNA expression was significantly decreased in the LPS-treated groups. VEGF protein levels were significantly reduced by hyperoxia, whereas protein carbonyl levels were increased by intra-amniotic LPS or hyperoxia. No additional significant change to VEGF or protein carbonyl levels was produced by intra-amniotic LPS or hyperoxia. There were no significant differences in the mRNA expressions of <I>VEGF, VEGFR-2,</I> and <I>TGF-</I>β<SUB><I>1</I></SUB>. <I>Conclusions:</I> The priming effect of intra-amniotic LPS on hyperoxic lung injury may be associated with IL-6 elevation in the lungs.</P><P>Copyright © 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>

울형성 심부전증에서 심혈관계 보상기전의 지표로서 저나트륨혈증의 의의에 관한 연구

김경환,김미경,이우형,홍사석,신길자,장일중 대한내과학회 1986 대한내과학회지 Vol.31 No.3

In patient with congestive heart failure, it is well known that the sympatho-adrenal system and the renin angiotensin system are activated to compensate for the reduction of cardiac output and the redistribution of blood flow. Although Lilly, et al. (1984) and Francis, et al. (1985) have insisted that the induction of these circulatory compensation mechanism by pastura1 changes is closely related to the concentration of plama sodium in congestive heart failure, it is still controversial. Thus, in an effort to clarify this hypothesis, present study was designed to determine the relationship between the existing sodium concentration in plasma and the changes of the plasma catecholamine concentration and renin activity during postural alterations in patients with congestive heart fai1ure and normal subjects. Ten patients with congestive heart failure who had been admitted to the Ewha Womans University Hospital from May, 1985 to July, 1985 and five normal volunteers were chosen. Patients with more than one year history of congestive heart failure belonging to class 3 or 4 as the criteria set by the New York Heart Association have been selected for this study. Among these ten patients, 5(3 males and 2 females) had low plasma sodium concentration(below 135mEq/l) and 5(3 males and 2 females) had normal plasma sodium concentration(above 135mEq/l). The observed results are as follows: 1) In the normal subjects, the observed plasma renin activity was 1,2±0.4ng/ml/hr and the concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine were 177.5±27 and 150.0±8pg/ml, respectively, at supine position. However, these values were increased by about 2 times by changing to upright position. 2) In patients with hyponatremic congestive heart failure, the values of plasma renin activity and catecholamine levels were significantly higher than those patients having normonatremia. 3) The increase in the plasma renin activity and catecholamin levels induced by upright position were minimal in patients with congestive heart failure having normonatremia. 4) However, in patients with hyponatremic congestive heart failure, the plasma renin activity and the levels of plasma catecholamines were not altered, or rather decreased, by the same postural changes. Based on the results, the levels of plasma sodium concentration in patients with congestive heart failure could provide an index for the induction of circulatory compensation mechaniams and may have important significance in determining the severity and prognosis of the disease. Particularly in the congestive heart failure patients with hyponatremia, as the circulatory compensation mechanism appear to be operating at maximum already, they would not be able to utilize the reflex compensation mechanism inducible with the changes of body position.

유산양 체세포를 이용한 돼지 난자의 이종간 핵이식 후 배발달에 관한 연구

장석민,나루세겐지,신영민,박창식,진동일 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2007 논문집 Vol. No.10

This study was conducted to investigate the developmental ability of interspecies cloned embryos after nuclear transfer of goat fetal fibroblast cells into porcien cocytes. Recipient porcine anc goat oocytes were obtained from slaughterhouse and matured III vitro according to established protocols Enucleation was accomplished by aspirating the first polar body and cytoplasm and a single doner cell was individually microinjected into vitelline space of the enucleated oocyte. The reconstructed oocytes were electrically fused WIth O.3M mannitol fusion medium. After electro-fusion, interspecies reconstituted embryos were cultured in PZM-3 for 7 days. In porcine interspecies nuclear transfer With goat fetal fibroblast cells, the cleavage rate of reconstituted ernbryos were 58.9% which was no significant different from that in porcine nuclear transfer embryos (67.4%). However, the developmental rate into blastocyst stage was 5.4% in interspecies nuclear transfer which was significantly lower than that in porcine intraspecies nuclear transfer (13.6%). When the developmental ability of porcine interspecies nuclear transfer with goat cells was compared with goal intraspecies nuclear transfer. the cleavage rate of embryos were 59.2% and the developmental rate into morular and blastocyst stage was 13.6% in intespecies nuclear transfer which were significantly lower than those in intraspecies nuclear transfer embryos. This result indicated that porcine interspecies nuclear transfer with goat fetal fibrobiast cells showed the developmental potential in vitro with lower cleavage and developmental rate compared with intraspecies nuclear transfer.

유산양에서 발정동기화 유도와 인공수정 효율

장석민,강재구,최기명,김홍래,진동일 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2007 농업과학연구 Vol.34 No.1

This study was conducted to evaluate the response of CIDR-S on estrus synchronization of dairy goats and the effect of artificial insemination on conception rate. Estrus synchronization of sexually matured Saanen goats was induced with insertion of CIDR-S into vagina for 15 days and injection of 500 IU PMSG before removal of CIDR-S. Artificial insemination was conducted using liquid or frozen semen by intra-cervical insemination with synchronized does. Estrus synchronization was 90% using CIDR-S insertion for 15 days. Conception rate of inseminated does was 20% - 25%, while that of natural mated does was 100%. These results suggested that synchronization of dairy goats can be successfully induced and artificial insemination method has to be improved for the practical use in dairy goats.

TiN이 증착된 SiO/TiN 박막의 전압-전류 특성

송찬일,김창석,정천옥,김병인 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2002 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.24 No.2

In this study, the evaporation of SiO layers with different thickness on Si wafer(n-100) is conducted by using the RF sputtering method. Thin films are made with the structure of Si/SiO and Si/SiO/TiN by evaporating TIN which is used as a diffusion barrier of non-resistant superintegrated semiconductor circuit. The research is performed to increase the I-V characteristics depending upon the SiO thickness and the reliability and reproducibility of the TIN thin film. It is shown that, since the TIN is diffused into SiO surface and fosters the potential barrier highly in the SiO/TiN thin film, the saturation voltage appears after the SiO thin film does. The thicker the SiO film becomes, the weaker the current variation does and the less leakage current the TiN deposited thin film has. The leakage current variation with a little slope is found in the negative voltage zone due to the effect of the trap state density near the electrode. The spiking which occurs when the film is too very thin can be reduced by adding TiN. The stability can be obtained due to no pervasion of A1 into SiO. The experimental result matches the Ohm s law and satisfies the equation of current.