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( Sang Yoon Ko ),( Hyung Eun Lee ),( Se Jin Park ),( Se Jin Jeon ),( Bo Seong Kim ),( Qing Tao Gao ),( Dae Sik Jang ),( Jong Hoon Ryu ) 한국응용약물학회 2015 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.23 No.2
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with progressive memory loss and neuronal cell death. Although numerous previous studies have been focused on disease progression or reverse pathological symptoms, therapeutic strategies for AD are limited. Alternatively, the identification of traditional herbal medicines or their active compounds has received much attention. The aims of the present study were to characterize the ameliorating effects of spinosin, a C-glucosylflavone isolated from Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa, on memory impairment or the pathological changes induced through amyloid-b1-42 oligomer (AbO) in mice. Memory impairment was induced by intracerebroventricular injection of AbO (50 μM) and spinosin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) was administered for 7 days. In the behavioral tasks, the subchronic administration of spinosin (20 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly ameliorated AbO-induced cognitive impairment in the passive avoidance task or the Y-maze task. To identify the effects of spinosin on the pathological changes induced through AbO, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses were performed. Spinosin treatment also reduced the number of activated microglia and astrocytes observed after AbO injection. In addition, spinosin rescued the AbO-induced decrease in choline acetyltransferase expression levels. These results suggest that spinosin ameliorated memory impairment induced through AbO, and these effects were regulated, in part, through neuroprotective activity via the anti-inflammatory effects of spinosin. Therefore, spinosin might be a useful agent against the amyloid b protein-induced cognitive dysfunction observed in AD patients.
HBV : The Fate of Chronic Hepatitis B in the Era of Antiviral Therapy
( Yoon Hea Park ),( Beom Kyung Kim ),( Jun Yong Park ),( Seung Up Kim ),( Do Young Kim ),( Ja Kyung Kim ),( Kwan Sik Lee ),( Kwang Hyub Han ),( Chae Yoon Chon ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1
Background: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), either of which can lead to a liver-related death. The progression of liver disease in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is fostered by active virus replication. Recently, antiviral therapy with minimal side effects have become available to achieve sustained suppression of HBV replication, thereby preventing cirrhosis, hepatic failure, and, ultimately, HCC. The aim of this study is to reappraise the clinical courses regarding disease progression in the era of antiviral therapy for Korean CHB patients who were potential candidates for antiviral therapy. Methods: Between 2001 and 2005, treatment-naive CHB patients without cirrhosis were enrolled and followed-up for at least 5years. During follow-up period, patients have received antiviral therapy according to the Korean Association for the Study of the Liver guideline, if indicated. Ultrasonography and laboratory assessment were performed regularly. Primary endpoints were development of cirrhosis, or hepatic decompensation, HCC, or liver-related deaths, which were examined using Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Of 360 patients, 323 (89.7%) received antiviral therapy such as lamivudine (70.6%), entecavir (8.7%), or telbivudine (6.5%). During a median follow-up period of 94 months, cirrhosis developed in 29 (8.1%) patients, hepatic decompensation in 4 (1.1%) patients, and HCC in 15 (4.2%) patients. The annual incidence of cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and HCC were 1.05%, 0.14%, and 0.53% per person-year, respectively. Age was an independent prognostic factor for developing cirrhosis (hazard ratio [HR] 1.075; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.037-1.116), whereas those for developing HCC were age (HR 1.060, 95% CI 1.012-1.111) and progression to cirrhosis (HR 17.470, 95% CI 5.081-60.063). Conclusions: In the era of antiviral therapy, the overall clinical courses of patients with CHB in Korea have been much improved since the introduction of lamivudine in 1999. However, older age and cirrhosis still remain risk factors for HCC.
Yoon, Man-Soo,Lee, Jun Sik,Choi, Byoung-Moon,Jeong, Young-Il,Lee, Chang-Min,Park, Jong-Hoon,Moon, Yuseok,Sung, Si-Chan,Lee, Sang Kwon,Chang, Yun Hee,Chung, Hae Young,Park, Yeong-Min American Society for PharmacologyExperimental Ther 2006 Molecular pharmacology Vol.70 No.3
<P>Apigenin, one of the most common flavonoids, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and free radical-scavenging properties. However, the influence of apigenin on the immunostimulatory effects and maturation of dendritic cells (DC) remains, for the most part, unknown. In this study, we have attempted to ascertain whether apigenin influences the expression of surface molecules, dextran uptake, cytokine production, and T-cell differentiation as well as the signaling pathways underlying these phenomena in murine bone marrow-derived DC. In the presence of apigenin, CD80, CD86, and major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecules, expressions on DC were significantly suppressed, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin (IL)-12 expression was impaired. The DC proved highly efficient at antigen capture, as evidenced by the observation of mannose receptor-mediated endocytosis in the presence of apigenin. The LPS-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, the nuclear translocation of its nuclear factor-kappaB p65 subunit, and the induction of the T-helper 1 response were all impaired in the presence of apigenin, whereas the cell-mediated immune response remained normal. These findings provide new insight into the immunopharmacological functions of apigenin and its effects on DC, and they may also prove useful in the development of adjuvant therapies for individuals suffering from acute or chronic DC-associated diseases.</P>
( Sang Jun Suh ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Sun Jae Lee ),( Hyun Jung Lee ),( Eileen L Yoon ),( Sun Young Yim ),( Hae Rim Kim ),( Seoung Hee Kang ),( Keun Hee Kang ),( Ji Hoon Kim ),( Yeon Seok Seo ),( Jong 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1
Background and aims: Sorafenib is the only approved treatment to advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its efficacy was relatively worse in the Asian-Pacific trial compared with the Global trial and clinical utility is limited by high cost. Several reports suggested survival benefit of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) in patients with advanced HCC with main portal vein invasion. This study is aimed to compare the efficacy of HAIC with sorafenib in HCC patients with main portal vein invasion. Methods: Patients of advanced HCC with main portal vein invasion who had received treatment between 2008 and 2012 at Korea University Medical Center were included. Sorafenib was initiated with 400 mg twice daily, and HAIC was performed with infusion of cisplantin 60mg/m2 for 1 day and 5-flurouracil 500mg/m2 for 3 days every 4 weeks. We evaluated overall survival (OS), time-to-progression (TTP), and disease control rate (DCR). Results: Seventy six patients were treated by sorafenib (n=37) or HAIC (n=39). Proportion of patients with Child-Pugh class A liver function (70% vs. 72%, P=1.000), ECOG performance status 0-1 (68% vs. 70%, p=0.431) and lymph node metastasis (41% vs. 36%, P=0.814) was not significantly different. Solid organ metastasis was more common in sorafenib group than HAIC group (46% vs. 7.7%, P<0.001). Median OS was 6.9 months and 11.1 months in sorafenib and HAIC group (P=0.100). TTP was 1.9 months (sorafenib) and 5.3 months (HAIC) (P<0.001). DCR was 34% (sorafenib) and 72% (HAIC) (P=0.006). In patients without solid organ metastasis, OS was 8.8 months (sorafenib) and 11.1 months (HAIC) (P=0.097). TTP was 1.9 months (sorafenib) and 6.0 months (HAIC) (P<0.001). DCR was 29% (sorafenib) and 76% (HAIC) (P=0.031). Conclusions: HAIC can be alternative treatment option for advanced HCC with main portal vein invasion, and could provide favorable disease control rate in those patients without solid organ metastasis.
Sung Hoon Kim,Seong Myeong Yoon 한국동물분류학회 2018 Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity Vol.34 No.4
A chaetiliid isopod, Symmius caudatus Richardson, 1904 is newly recorded from Korea with detailed description and illustrations. This species is characterized by the following features: head has well-defined ocular lobes anteriorly projecting; all pereonites do not have any projections dorsally; maxillule has 2 long plumose and 1 short denticulate setae on inner lobe; propodus of pereopod 1 has 11 stout circumplumose setae on ventral margin in female; and pereopod 7 is ambulatory. In this paper, we present the descriptions and illustrations of mature and juvenile males, which have not been known from previous studies, as well as those of female. We also suggested a revised diagnosis of the genus Symmius.
Genetic Distances and Variations of Three Clupeid Species Determined by PCR Technique
Sang-Hoon Cho,Jong-Man Yoon 한국발생생물학회 2014 발생과 생식 Vol.18 No.4
In this study, seven oligonucleotides primers were shown to generate the shared loci, specific loci, unique shared loci to each species and shared loci by the three species which could be obviously calculated. Euclidean genetic distances within- and between-species were also calculated by complete linkage method with the sustenance of the hierarchical dendrogram program Systat version 13. The genomic DNA isolated from herring (Clupea pallasii), Korean anchovy (Coilia nasus) and large-eyed herring (Harengula zunashi), respectively, in the Yellow Sea, were amplified several times by PCR reaction. The hierarchical dendrogram shows three chief branches: cluster 1 (PALLASII 01, 02, 03, 04, 06 and 07), cluster 2 (NASUS 08, 09, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14), and cluster 3 (ZUNASHI 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and PALLASII 05). In three clupeid species, the shortest genetic distance displaying significant molecular difference was between individual PALLASII no. 03 and PALLASII no. 02 (0.018). Individual no. 06 of PALLASII was most distantly related to NASUS no. 11 (genetic distance = 0.318). Individuals from herring (C. pallasii) species (0.920) exhibited higher bandsharing values than did individuals from Korean anchovy (C. nasus) species (0.872) (P<0.05). As a result, this PCR analysis generated on the genetic data displayed that the herring (C. pallasii) species was widely separated from Korean anchovy (C. nasus) species. Reversely, individuals of Korean anchovy (C. nasus) species were a little closely related to those of large-eyed herring (H. zunashi) species.
Information Transmission of Volatility between WTI and Brent Crude Oil Markets
( Sang Hoon Kang ),( Seong Min Yoon ) 한국환경경제학회·한국자원경제학회(구 한국환경경제학회) 2013 자원·환경경제연구 Vol.22 No.4
Transmission mechanisms of volatility between two crude oil markets (WTI and Brent markets) have drawn the attention of numerous academics and practitioners because they both play crucial roles in portfolio and risk management in crude oil markets. In this context, we examined the volatility linkages between two representative crude oil markets using a VECM and an asymmetric bivariate GARCH model. First, looking at the return transmission through the VECM test, we found a long-run equilibrium and bidirectional relationship between two crude oil markets. However, the estimation results of the GARCH-BEKK model suggest that there is unidirectional volatility spillover from the WTI market to the Brent market, implying that the WTI market tends to exert influence over the Brent market and not vice versa. Regarding asymmetric volatility transmission, we also found that bad news volatility in the WTI market increases the volatility of the Brent market. Thus, WTI information is transmitted into the Brent market, indicating that the prices of the WTI market seem to lead the prices of the Brent market.