인위적으로 유도한 퀴놀론제제 내성 Mycoplasma hominis의 gyrA, parC, parE 유전자의 돌연변이 분석

박인달 고신대학교의과대학 2007 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.22 No.2

Background/Aims : Fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum antibacterial agents that inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV activities. Both enzymes are encoded by the gyrA and gyrB genes for DNA gyrase and parC and parE genes for topoisomerase IV. Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of GyrA and ParC mainly and GyrB and ParE less frequently have been described as the major mechanism for quinolone resistance. The aim of the study described here is to investigate the relationship between mutations in the gyrA, parC, and parE Gene and cirofloxacin resistance in M.hominis. Methods : Ciprofloxacin-resistant mutants of M.hominis (Mycoplasma hominis) were generated by stepwise selection at increasing drug concentrations. Sequence analysis of PCR products from the strains were used to examine the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the GyrA, ParC, and ParE proteins. Results : Sixteen strains of M.hominis were isolated and were examined for susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin. The MIC range for M.hominis were as follows: ciprofloxacin, 0.5-8 ㎍/㎖; levofloxacin, 0.13-2 ㎍/㎖; moxifloxacin, ≤ 0.06-0.13 ㎍/㎖. M.hominis was highly susceptible to moxifloxacin. Ciprofloxacin - resistant mutants were isolated by serial passing of M.hominis M30 in broth culture. Two mutants, C10-2 and C21, displaying high-level ciprofloxacin resistance (MIC > 128 ㎍/㎖) were found to have a change in GyrA at Ser83 to Leu and in ParC at Ser80 to Ile or Glu84 to Lys, but no changes in ParE. Conclusion : Two mutants displaying high-level ciprofloxacin resistance (MIC > 128 ㎍/㎖) were isolated and the gyrA, parC, and parE genes were sequenced. They harbored amino acid substitution of Ser83 to Leu in the GyrA, and of Ser80 to Ile or Glu84 to Lys in the ParC. These findings indicate that resistance to ciprofloxacin may be due to amino acid substitution in the GyrA and ParC.

본교 대학원 발전방안에 관한 연구

김종달,전도웅,전인철,조병권,박영규,오준석,나영일 龍仁大學校 1998 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.15 No.-

The purpose of this study was to suggest the developmental ideas for graduate school in Yougin University. For the methods of this study, the researches in administration of graduate students, personal researches in socialization of graduate school, and evaluation materials for graduate school were utilized. Additionally, the questionnaire survey about graduate students leas administered and analyzed and the ideas constructed from staff meeting for the development of graduate school were applied in preparing developmental plan. The results of this study are summarized as follow: 1. 1-2 years preparation - offers annual credits upto 30 - jop marketing upto 70% - advisor and student ratio 1 : 7 - professors' doctoral degree possession upto 90% - graduate school professors' research achievement upto 2 articles annually - research space per student upto 10m/2 3-4 years preparation - offers annual credits unto 33 - advisor and student ratio 1:4 - professors' doctoral degree possession upto 95% - graduate school professors' research achievement upto 2.5 articles annually 2. The educational goals of graduate school should be recognized among graduate students and the professionality of faculty members should be emphasized to teach graduate students in their relative major areas. The evaluation procedures for graduate class lecture and class administration in graduate school. 3. To reach unto lecture system, field study should be expanded and inter-credit system between Yongin universities and foreign university should be contracted. 4. Expanding of graduate school facilities should be cranked in to provine the optimal environment for the student education and schoolship should be widely offered to the students. 5. To promote the administrational development, the staff system should be changed from reverse hierarchy system to hierarchy system. Therfore, the number in lower administrational staffs should be larger than upper positions. And, the classification of authorities into department could be suggested for the efficacy of administration and management of graduate shool. 6. The specialization in each major should be emphasized. In the calc of graduate stool of physical education, the administration live should be unified in one body system. In the case of graduate school of business, one department of administration could be classified into management of sightseeing and tourism, management of distribution, tax accounting, then the specialty of the department can be forced. In the case of graduate school of art, the specialty can be forced by teaching highly performed skills and needed to switch from special graduate school to professional graduate school. The graduate school of health and school of environmental science are recommended to be built after all. Therefore, the connection between undergraduate and graduate curiculum can be established and open 2-3 more majors in the graduate school.

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 III : 3차년도 연구결과 보고

최선미,양기상,최승훈,박경모,박종현,심범상,김성우,노석선,이인선,정진홍,이진용,김달래,임형호,김윤범,박성식,송태원,김종우,이승기,최윤정,신순식 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the third year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows : - analyzing and differentiating of epidemic febrile disease - analyzing and differentiating in accordance with the Sasang constitution medicine based on four-type recognition - differentiation of disease according to pathological changes of Chong and Ren channels - standards for diagnosis of women's disease - standards for diagnosis of children's disease - standards for diagnosis of motor and sensor disturbance (-muscle. born, joint, etc.) - standards for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disease - standards for diagnosis of five sense organ disease - standards for diagnosis of external disease The indivisual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs, the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern, discrimination of diagnosis pattern, prognosis, a way of curing a disease, prescription, herbs in common use, disease appearing the diagnosis pattern, documents. The standards for diagnosis of each disease was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of disease, the main point of diagnosis, analyzing and differentiating of disease, analysis of disease, discrimination of disease, prognosis, a way of curing and prescription of disease, disease in western medicine appearing the disease in oriental medicine, documents.

닭에서 분리한 장내세균의 테트라사이클린 내성 유전자의 분포

박인달,배일권 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.4

Background : Widespread resistance to the broad-spectrum tetracyclines has been caused by heavy clinical use and misuse in the human population. Additional contributing factors are the use of tetracyclines as a growth promotor in agriculture and as infection control agent in domestic animals and aquaculture. The purpose of this study was to investigate susceptibility of tetracycline and to detect tetracycline resistant genes from chickens. Methods : Thirty-seven tetracycline resistant enteric bacteria were collected from the rectal swab of chickens by disk diffusion method, and the MICs (minimal inhibitory concentration) of tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline and erythromycin were determined by agar dilution method. PCR screening was carried out to identify possible tet genes that contributed to tetracycline resistance. Results : Of the 37 tetracycline-resistant isolates, the frequency of isolation was Escherichia coli 32 (84.2%), Citrobacter freundii 2 (5.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 1 (2.5%), Lectercia adecarboxylata 1 (2.5%), Proteus vulgaris 1 (2.5%). The MIC range for the tetracycline-resistant enteric bacteria was as follows: tetracycline, >256 ㎍/㎖; oxytetracycline, >256 ㎍/㎖; chlortetracycline, 16∼>128 ㎍/㎖; erythromycin, 32∼>256 ㎍/㎖. All of the 37 tetracycline-resistant isolates were positive for tet(A) gene (100%), and 8 (21.6%) of these isolates were found to harbor the tet(A) plus tet(B) genes. Conclusion : All isolates were resistant to tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline and erythromycin, and they harbored tet(A) gene or tet(A) plus tet(B) genes that gave rise to the tetracycline resistance. These results show that enteric bacteria isolates from chicken in Korea are resistant to tetracycline and all of them harbored tet(A) gene.

中共의 對外的 態度 및 慣行과 韓·中共 海洋資源紛爭의 解決展望

金文達,朴仁熙 경북대학교 교육대학원 1980 논문집 Vol.12 No.-

This paper aims to research on the settlement of the Sino-Korean sea resources controve rsy by analyzing, on one hand, Communist China's attitude toward international law and the law of the sea, especially development of the sea-bed resorces and, on the other hand, reviewing international rules relating to the delimitation of joint continental shelf. In Chapter Ⅲ, several rules of international law concerned in this study……equidistance principle, natural prolongation theory, special circumstances/equitable principle and discussions at UNCLOS Ⅲ etc. …… are introduced. This study permits the following conclusion: ⑴ Delimitation of continental shelf between Korea and China in Yellow Sea and East China Sea should be followed in accordance with the median line. ⑵ Sea-bed resources controversy should be settled peacefully by negotiation between states concerned unless the third party's conciliation system is provided. ⑶ Under the circumstances of states which are not politically normalized, it is consided that informal negotiation through the regional institution non-politically organized such as CCOP will be useful in order to stimulate hopeful route for normal negotiation.

Mycoplasma Hominis에서 분리한 Type II-DNA Topoisomerase의 효소반응 특성

정인철,박인달 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.4

Background : DNA topoisomerases are essential enzymes that catalyze the mutual conversion of the topological states of DNA. Two major classes of enzyme have been isolated from a number of organisms. Nevertheless, the enzymatic properties of DNA topoisomerases in the mycoplasma species has not been identified yet. Methods : We have examined the activities of the DNA topoisomerases from various types of mycoplasma and the characterizations of partially purified type II-topoisomerase fractions from Mycoplasma hominis. Results : The levels of the DNA topoisomerase activities in Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma fermentans were higher than those in Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma penetrans and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. DNA topoisomerase has been partially purified from Mycoplasma hominis by Ultrogel AcA34 gel filtration. This enzyme was highly stimulated in relaxation of supercoiled DNA by ATP-Mg2+. Topoisomerase mediated DNA cleavage was enhanced by mAMSA (eukaryotic type II inhibitor) and norfloxacin (prokaryotic type II inhibitor) at various concentrations (0.05-0.5 mM). Conclusion : Our results suggest that enzymatic properties of type II-topoisomerase in Mycoplasma hominis have analogous to type II-human DNA topoisomerase and type IIA-bacterial topoisomerase.

프레탈^(R)정(실로스타졸 50mg)에 대한 실로졸^(R)정의 생물학적 동등성

최한곤,권기철,이승호,김학미,박병주,유봉규,이종달,이경희,하정희,우종수,박인숙,최진석,용철순 한국병원약사회 2003 병원약사회지 Vol.20 No.1

Bioequivalence of two cilostazol tablets, the Pletaal^(R)(Korea Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and the Cilozol^(R)(Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), was evaluated according to the guideline of KFDA, Sixteen normal male volunteers(age 20~29 years old) were divided into two groups and a randomized 22 cross-over study was employed. After two tablets containing 50㎎ of cilostazol were orally administered. blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentration of cilostazol in plasma was determined with an HPLC method using UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters(C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t)) were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of parameters. The results showed that the differences in C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t) between two tablets were 4.99%, 1.74% and 7.68%, respectively. The powers(1-β) for C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t) were83.92%, 80.12% and 85.03%, respectively. Detectable differences(Δ) and confidence intervals were all less than 20%, and confidence interval of all the parameters were also less than 20% at the significance level(α) of 0.05. All of these parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Cilozol^(R) tablet is bioequivalent to Pletaal^(R) tablet.

Streptomyces thermocyaneoviolaceus의 Xylanase 생산조건 및 Xylooligo당의 생산

주길재,박희동,최준호,이인구,이오석,권달호 慶北大學校農業科學技術硏究所 1998 慶北大農學誌 Vol.16 No.-

농산폐자원으로부터 기능성물질인 xylooligo당을 생산하기 위해서 내열성 균주인 S.thermocyaneoviolaceus가 생산하는 xylanase의 생산최적조건을 검토한 결과 0.8% 밀기울, 0.06% yeast extract, 0.06% bactopeptone, 0.05% MgSO₄·7H₂O, 0.005% FeSO₄·7H₂O, 0.05% KH₂PO₄및 0.2% K₂HPO₄를 함유한 배지(pH7.0)에서 50℃, 24시간 배양시 최고효소활성(2.47 unit/ml)의 배양상징액을 얻을 수 있었다. 효소의 최적반응조건은 pH5.5, 65℃였다. 또한 pH안정성을 조사한 결과 pH4.5∼9.5사이에서 4℃에서 12시간후에도 80% 이상의 효소활성을 유지하였고, 열 안정성은 60℃에서 1시간 처리후 94%이상의 효소활성을 유지하는 내열성이 있는 효소였다. 생산된 xylanase birchwood xylan 반응생성물을 TLC 및 HPLC로 확인해 본 결과, pH가 낮을수록(pH 5.0∼6.0) xylobiose와 xylotriose및 소량의 xylose의 양이 증가하였고, pH가 높을수록 (pH8.0∼9.0) X₄이상의 각종 xylooligo당의 양이 상대적으로 증가하였다. 또한 24 시간후에는 xylan의 상대량이 25% 이하로 감소하면서 주분해산물로 xylobiose가 생산되었으며 xylotriose와 xylose 및 X₄이상의 각종 xylooligo당이 생산되었다. A thermotolerant bacterium, Streptomyces thermocyaneoviolaceus which produced xylan-degrading enzymes, utilized excellently xylan of wheat bran by producing the enzymes in comparison with that of birchwood or oat spelts. Optimal enzyme production was achieved in WB medium containing 0.8% wheat bran, 0.06% yeast extract, 0.06% bactopeptone, 0.05% MgSO₄·7H₂O, 0.05% FeSO₄·7H₂O, 0.05% KH₂PO₄ and, 0.2% K₂HPO₄(pH 7.0) at 50℃ for 24 hrs. The optimal pH and temperature for the hydrolysis of xylan were pH 5.5 and 65℃, respectively. The enzyme activity was retained more than 80% at the range from pH 4.5 to pH 9.5 at 4℃ for 12 hrs and 94% on the heat-treatment at 65℃ for 1 hr. Xylobiose, xylotriose, xylose, and other xylooligosaccharides were produced as end products from hydrolysis of birchwood xylan by the xylanase of S. thermocyaneoviolceus.

Anti-inflammatory effects of Cheongilppong on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice

Choi, In-Young,Lee, Ki-Taeg,Kim, Min-Cheol,Kim, Su-Jin,Kim, Dae-Seung,Jeon, Yong-Deok,Park, Yun-Jum,Kim, Ho-Soo,Lee, Dal-Won,Um, Jae-Young,Hong, Seung-Heon 경희한의학연구센터 2011 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.11 No.1

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by detrimental immune reactivity in the gut, and the imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory reactivity. The incidence and prevalence rates of IBD in Korea have been increasing rapidly during the past decades. In this study, we tried to find the new effect of fruits and branches of mulberry tree called Cheongilppong in Korea (belongs to $Morus$ $alba$, Moraceae). The previous studies revealed mulberry fruits and branches had anti-oxidative effect and anti-inflammatory effect. In the present study, the fruits and branch of Cheongilppong inhibited the inflammatory responses on dextran sulfate sodium induced ulcerative colitis in mice and the production of nitrite oxide from lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. These results may be relevant for future pharmacological or dietary interventions in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Effects of the Anti-sepsis Drug, (S)-1-(α-Naphthylmethyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (CKD-712), on Mortality, Inflammation, and Organ Injuries in Rodent Sepsis Models

Jae-Hwan Park,Dal-hyun Kim,In-Chang Hwang,Nina Ha,Sera Lee,Jung Min Kim,Sung Sook Lee,Hosung Yu,In-Taek Lim,Jun-A You 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.3

CKD-712 is a 1-naphthyl analog of higenamine that has been reported to have potent antiinflammatory and thus anti-sepsis effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of CKD-712 as a medicine for sepsis and to confirm its protective effects on organs in animal sepsis models. Pretreatment with CKD-712 dose-dependently increased survival rate in a lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis model in mice. Body temperature decrease, an important pre-symptom of septic death, was also prevented by CKD-712. CKD-712 still significantly increased survival rate even when administered one and four hours after lipopolysaccharide injection. Therapeutic efficacy of CKD-712 was also confirmed against sepsis following zymosan-induced endotoxemia and in cecal ligation and puncture surgery in mice. In a disseminated intravascular coagulation model in rats, CKD-712 showed organ-protective effect by reducing serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels. CKD-712 also prevented histological damage to the lung and liver. In this same model, CKD-712 showed anti-inflammatory effects through decreases in tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in the blood and reduced translocation of nuclear factor-κB to the nuclei of lung cells. CKD-712 administration also diminished infiltration of leukocytes into the lung and liver. Taken together, these results show that CKD-712 has excellent potential as an effective medicine for sepsis.