한국비서자격시험의 개선점과 비교연구

남자현,이미정,이미영,이아영,정해금,최유정,이미숙,전인선,정혜림 이화여자대학교 법정대학 비서학과 1997 비서학연구 Vol.- No.17

중환자에서 동맥혈 가스분석 횟수와 그로인한 실혈량에 대한 연구

이석열,전철우,정영수,오희숙,마분란,이정미,정혜영,이만복,이길노 순천향의학연구소;Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.1

Background : Arterial blood gas analysis is the most comon exam in intensive care unit. In this study, the frequency of blood gas analysis and the amount of blood loss after Blood Gas Analysis in Intensive Care Unit were observed. Methods : From November 1999 to February 2000, 115 patients admitted to intensive care unit at Soonchunhyang university Kumi hospital were studied prospectively for the frequency of blood gas analysis and the amount of blood loss after blood gas analysis in Intensive Care Unit. Results : The mean value of frequency of blood gas analysis was 6.41±6.49 and the mean value of amount of blood loss after blood gas analysis was 0.78ml. This was lower than that of other foreign reports. The patients with ventilator therapy above 24 hours showed higher frequency of blood gas analysis than that of not applied ventilator patients. Pulse oxymetry was applied to all patients and the frequency of blood gas analysis was decreased due to the use of strict pulse oxymetry. Conclusion : Doctors and nurses in intensive care unit keep in mind that adequate blood sampling is needed for the decrease of blood loss. Education and protocol for the decrease of blood loss after arterial blood gas analysis may be necessary.

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

New polymorphic microsatellite markers in the Korean mi-iuy croaker, $Miichthys$ $miiuy$, and their application to the genetic characterization of wild and farmed populations

An, Hye-Suck,Kim, Eun-Mi,Lee, Jang-Wook,Kim, Dae-Jung,Kim, Yi-Cheong The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2012 Animal cells and systems Vol.16 No.1

Eighteen new polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for the Korean mi-iuy croaker ($Miichthys$ $miiuy$, Perciformes, Sciaenidae), and allelic variability was compared between a wild population in Mokpo, Korea, and a hatchery population in Tongyeong, Korea. All loci were amplified readily and demonstrated allelic variability, with the number of alleles ranging from 5 to 37 in the wild population, and from 4 to 12 in the farmed population. The average observed and expected heterozygosities were estimated, respectively, to be 0.74 and 0.78 in the hatchery population samples, and 0.79 and 0.86 in the wild samples. These results indicate lower genetic variability in the hatchery population compared with the wild population, and significant genetic differentiation between the wild population and the hatchery samples ($F_{ST}$=0.058, P<0.001). These microsatellite loci may be valuable for future population genetic studies, monitoring changes in the genetic variation within stocks in a commercial breeding program, conservation genetics, and molecular assisted selective breeding of the mi-iuy croaker in the future.

일 도농복합지역 저소득층 노인의 건강문제 분석 : 보건소 방문간호사업 대상자 중심으로

고일선,,이태화,이경자,이정렬,임미혜,천의영,주윤미,이계철 노인간호학회 2005 노인간호학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the health problems of low-income aged with chronic illness living in urban-rural composite area. Method: The sample consisted of 440 aged who were receiving home care services from a public health center. MDS-HC was applied to analyze the health problems of the aged. Data were collected through a face- to-face interview by six trained interviewers from June 28 to July 15, 2004. Result: Subjects had average number of 8 health problems in both urban and rural area. Lack of preventive health care measure, pain, and visual function were the most frequent health problem. The rural aged had more pain, bowel management problems, compared to the urban aged having more urinary incontinence and indwelling catheter. There were many health problems related to falls and pressure ulcers with middle-old aged in urban, and old-old aged in rural area. Conclusion: The results of this study showed strategies for care intervention of low-income elderly to put in practice. Therefore, tailored-service for each subject should be provided.

고등학생의 인터넷 사용정도와 학교적응, 친구관계에 대한 연구

이현주,김미연,이희재,권소영,김민정,김민주,방은혜,이경희,김수지,이자형 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2004 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.38

Today, almost all families are quipped with computers. At the same time, we can find lots of side-effects because of computers. If young students, who tend to be unable to control their impulses once they are immersed in internet, the problem will be more serious. It could be happened that the young students can't distinguish the real from the image. Therefore, it is important to grasp the actual condition of juvenile Internet addicts and their practical life, and to come up with basic materials necessary for working out countermeasures. This study surveyed 339 high school students from three high schools in the area of Seoul. Data collection were collected from 22nd of December, 2003 to 27th of December 2003. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS program using T-test, ANAVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results were as follows: First, of the 333 respondents 9.61% of them were high-risk internet using group, 15.02% of them were potential-risk internet using group. 25% of then were identified as addicted group. Second, the more addicted the subjects are, the lower their level of school adjustment becomes. For the addicted group, it is difficult to adjust their school and to have a good relationship with friend. Third, the more addicted the subjects are, the lower their level of friendship becomes. The subordinate areas of friendship have same results as the level of Internet addiction and the extent of friendship. If students are addicted to Internet, it is difficult to find friends who can give them encouragement in practical life. Firth, there was a negative relationship between Internet addiction and school adjustment, and, there was a negative relationship between Internet addiction and friendship. Through this study we have seized the relationship between Internet addiction and school adjustment and friendship. As a result, the more addicted, the more difficult to adjust to school. And for the students who were addicted, it is difficult to make a friend.

한국의 불문학 수용의 특성에 관한 비교 연구 : Une etude comparative avec d'autres litteratures occidentales

이미혜 한국 프랑스어문교육학회 1998 프랑스어문교육 Vol.6 No.-

A partir de 1895 ou Cho-Sun s'est ouvert officiellement s la civilisation occidentale, on a commence a recevoir la litterature occidentale. Le ministere de l'education a construit un appareil charge de publier des ouvrages historiques. Aussi des intellectuels progressistes ont-ils essaye d'instruire des lecteurs et de provoquer leur patriotisme par des romans adaptes. L'annexion de la Coree au Japon a diminue la tendance a recevoir activement la litterature occidentale. Dans les annees 10, il a paru seulement quelques romans feuilleton adaptes et simplifies. A partir de la Manifestation de 1919, le gouvernement colonial a cede sur la politique oppressive qu'il pratiquait, et a permis un minimum de liberte de la presse. Certains ont fonde des journaux et des revues dans lesquels ils ont commence a introduire des poetes symbolistes francais, des ecrivains russes comme Tolstoi et Tourgueniev. Sous la domination japonaise, la plupart des traducteurs et introducteurs de la litterature etrangere etaient ecrivains ou journalistes. Ils s'attachaient donc aux problemes du temps, ce qui explique la preference d'Yeats, de Tagore, poetes des pays colonises, et la preoccupation de la technique romanesque realiste. Apres la Liberation, on a retrouve la langue maternelle et la demande d'oeuvres traduites s'est agrandie. Dans les annees 50-60, des chefs-d'oeuvre classiques ont paru en edition collective bien que beaucoup d'entre eux soient retraduits des editions japonaises. Sous l'influence de la guerre froide, la reception de la litterature de langue anglaise etait en floraison, en revanche, celle de la litterature russe s'est diminuee remarquablement. D'autre part, on a commence 1'enseignement des litterature etrangereres dans des universites. Par degres des professeurs formaient la majorite des chercheurs, et jouaient un role important dans la reception. Des chercheurs universitaires s'essayaient a former des outils aptes a analyser la litterature coreenne en s'appuyant sur des theories litteraires occidentales comme la critique sociologique allemande et le structuralisme francais. Aujourd 'hui, de 1'expansion de 1'enseignement universitaire naissent bien des chercheurs qui effectuent des etudes plus approfondies et traduisent des oeuvres plus variees qu'auparavant. Mais masque's du developpement apparent, il se trouve des problemes a resoudre : la traduction inclinee exclusivement sur des oeuvres comtemporaines, surtout a des best-sellers, des etudes meprisant des lecteurs et meprisees par eux.

Panipenem을 포함한 Carbapenem 계열 항생제의 몇 가지 임상균주에 대한 시험관내 항균력

이동건,김명신,강진한,전혜선,최수미,위성헌,김상일,최정현,유진홍,신완식,강문원 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.2

목적 : Panipenem은 일본에서 개발된 카바페넴계 항생제로 그람양성균, 그람음성균, 혐기균에 이르기까지 광범위한 항균력을 나타낸다고 보고되고 있지만 국내에서 분리되는 균주에 대한 감수성 검사결과는 아직 없다. 본 연구에서는 임상에서 분리된 E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. pneumoniae 균주를 대상으로 carbapenem 계열 및 몇 가지 항생제와 감수성을 비교하고, 특히 P. aeruginosa의 경우 carbapenem의 효과를 Muller-Hinton agar (MHA)가 반감시킬 수 있는 특성을 고려하여 감수성에 변화가 있는지 확인하고자 하였다. 방법 : 2002년 3월부터 6월까지 가톨릭대학교 성모병원, 강남성모병원, 성가병원, 성모자애병원, 성빈센트병원에서 분리된 임상균주 E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. pneumoniae를 대상으로 하였다. 항생제 감수성 검사는 NCCLS 기준에 따랐고 P. aeruginosa의 경우 MHA 이외에 minimal agar Davis (MAD)를 추가로 사용하였다. 감수성 결과 해석시 panipenem은 imipenem과 같은 기준을 적용하였다. 결과 : E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa는 각각 100균주였고, S. penumoniae는 134균주였다(PSSP 41, PNSP 93균주). E. coli, K. pneumoniae는 모든 균주가 imipenem, meropenem, panipenem에 대해 감수성을 보였다. P. aeruginosa의 경우 imipenem, meropenem, panipenem, ceftazidime의 MIC_(90)은 각각 16, 8, 32, 64㎍/mL이었다. MHA와 MAD 배지를 이용하여 P. aeruginosa에 대한 항생제 감수성을 비교해 본 결과 imipenem, panipenem의 MIC_(90)가 각각 16, 32㎍/mL에서 8㎍/mL로 감소하였고, imipenem에 비해 panipenem이 더 많이 감소하였다. S. pneumoniae의 경우 PSSP는 imipenem, meropenem, panipenem에 대해 모두 내성이 없었고 PNSP는 imipenem, meropenem, panipenem에 대한 MIC_(90)가 각각 1, 2, 0.25㎍/mL이었다. 결론 : 결론적으로 panipenem은 E. coli, K. pneumoniae에 대해 기존의 카바페넴계 항생제와 유사한 우수한 항균력을 보였다. P. aeruginosa의 경우 ceftazidime, imipenem과 비슷한 항균력을 보였고 아미노산 함량이 적은 배지를 사용함에 따라 MIC가 낮아졌으며 imipenem보다 더 많은 영향을 받았다. S. pneumoniae의 경우 특히 PNSP에서 기존의 카바페넴계 항생제보다 우수한 항균력을 보였다. Panipenem은 주요 그람음성균 및 폐렴연쇄구균 감염에 유용할 것으로 기대된다. Background : Panipenern (PAPM) is a new carbapenern which has an enhanced broad spectrum against both gram-positive and negative organisms. The aim of study was to compare the activities of PAPM with those of imipenern (IMPM), meropenern (MRPM) against several clinical isolates in Korea. Methods : We tested the in vitro antimicrobial activities of PAPM, IMPM, and MRPM against total 300 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 134 Streptococcus pneumoniae collected from 5 different university hospitals. Using NCCLS guidelines, MICs of PAPM, IMPM, MRPM, and/or ceftazidime were determined. Results : All isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae were susceptible to PAPM, IMPM and MRPM. MIG_(90) of PAPM, IMPM, and MRPM against P. aeruginosa were 32, 16, and 8 ㎍/mL, respectively. Comparing Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) and minimal agar Davis (MAD), the MIG_(go) of PAPM and IMPM were reduced from 16 and 32 ㎍/mL to 8 and 8 ㎍/mL, respectively. PAPM was more influenced by MAD than IMPM. All isolates of penicillin susceptible S. pneumoniae showed 0% of resistance to the carbapenems tested. MIC_(90) of PAPM, IMPM and PRPM against penicillin non-susceptible S. pneumoniae were 0.25, 1 and 2 ㎍/mL, respectively. Conclusion : Panipenern could be one of the potentially useful drugs for the treatment of infections caused by E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and S. pneumoniae. We also showed that PAPM had good anti-pseudomonal activity when examined in MAD, the amino acid-limited media. Therefore, it could be useful for the treatment of infections caused by P. aeruginosa.

이야기 구성하기가 쓰기에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향 : 중학교 2학년 남학생을 대상으로 한 연구

이미혜 이화여자대학교 교육대학원 2006 이화교육논총 Vol.16 No.-

Language use competence, which is the aim in Korean language education, has not fully been successful only by cognitive oriented education, In the seventh curriculum of Korea, learners' affective factor has been focused and the studies and the interests on the learners' affective factor has been increasing recently. Learners' affective factor is classified to the attitude category in the seventh curriculum, and its' sub-categories are motivation, interest, habit, and value, In the content system of writing education in Korean language, which is national common basic curriculum, the content of writing contains 'substance' of writing, 'principle' of writing, and 'attitude' of writing, In order to acquire Korean language using, the category, 'reality' is divided from other categories. So the attitude and its' functions are recognized as an independent category. However, in the process of the embodiment of the curriculum, the content of attitude category does not contain the contents of each sub-category. Moreover, the affective factor cannot show the result in a short time and there is no objective and verifiable way to test the result. As a result, the learning activities are not deeply done in teaching and learning process. In spite of high interests in writing owing to the essay test for the university entrance examination, learners' writing ability has not been improved because the learners' attitude toward writing has not been formed yet. It is easily found that even the learners who has good grades in their writing performance test show their limited interests in writing itself. Writing education guided by cognitive way can only suggest model writings to the students, not giving intrinsic writing habit or attitude which can make their lives fruitful. To solve the problems mentioned above, the devices for forming the attitude toward writing will be suggested in this study. The attitude toward writing can be formed by motivation and interests which make writing activities into their habits. Motivation and interests have close relationship with learner factors. forming attitude without considering learners' situation is meaningless. Therefore, the reality of learners' attitude toward writing should be researched and it can be helpful for understanding the learners' situations and for considering the way of writing. Under the research through the boy students who are attending in the boys middle school, two-thirds of them show no interests in writing, even though they acknowledge the importance of writing. The result of the research says that the boy students has not built the high attitude toward writing, It also shows that the students have acquired cognitive knowledge related to writing process and writing method. However, it says that the cognitive knowledge about writing cannot make writing activity activated. This study is focused on the teaching and learning method led by the 'story-making', which can be accepted by learners amusingly. Story-making is human beings' lives themselves and is familiar to daily lives. So it can motivate the learners to think variously and to get interests in writing itself. First step of teaching and learning process model led by story-making is presentation of material which can give interests and motivation to learners. Next step is to let learners conceive creative imagination under certain situation. And then learners construct stories and, write them- After completing writing their own stones, learners present their stones and share the stories each other. Those activities make learners get interested in writing and let them want to write again. Through presenting this teaching and learning model repeatedly, learners can have writing habit and their writing attitude can be formed in the end. To make learners get steady interests in story-making teaching and learning process, various activities related to learners' daily lives have been considered in this study. Various activities are following; story-making after reading materials, story-making imagined by pictures, and story-making while listening to music, In addition, story-making under creative situation learners imagine, story-making after setting a time or a place and story-making in other person's side are suggested in this study. Writing class with twenty periods presented story-making teaching and learning process for six students who didn't like to write and five students who generally liked to write. After twenty classes, every participant showed their high interests in writing. Through this writing class, students recognition toward writing has been changed and some of the students were quite willing to write. Also, the students' writing products showed their adventurous creativity and fluency which conceived various ideas and creative thoughts. Those creative ideas are important factors which motivate learners to get interests in writing. When story-making teaching and learning process is steadily applied to Korean language class or Daily Korean language class, or when it is activated throughout the fields such as reading or speaking, learners' attitude toward writing will be positively improved. This study about learners' attitude toward writing and affective factor has limits for proving the objective effect in a short time. this study focuses on a possible solution for improving attitude toward writing through various activities and investigations. And also it is expected that succeeding studies about learners' attitude toward writing will result in advanced progress of education.

해고사유 및 시기의 서면통지규정과 관련한 해고의 정당성 검토 : 대법원 2011. 10. 27. 선고 2011다42324 판결을 중심으로

이혜미 이화여자대학교 법학전문대학원 2012 Ewha Law Review Vol.2 No.2

본 판결에서는 원고에 대한 피고의 징계해고가 부당해고인지 여부에 관하여 실체적 정당성과 절차적 정당성의 두 측면에서 다투어졌다. 근로기준법 제23조 제1항은 사용자가 근로자에게 해고를 비롯한 불이익한 처분을 할 경우에는 ‘정당한 이유’가 있어야 한다고 하고 있는데 우리 판례는 해고가 정당하려면 절차적 정당성과 실체적 정당성을 모두 갖추어야 한다고 하고 있다. 절차적 정당성과 관련하여 2007. 7. 1. 부터 해고의 시기, 사유의 서면통지 제도(근로기준법 제27조)가 새롭게 도입되었는데, 본 판결에서는 해고사유를 서면으로 통지하는 경우 해고사유를 어느 정도로 구체적으로 기재하여야 하는지 여부가 핵심적 쟁점이 되었다. 근로기준법 제27조 제1항은 ‘해고의 사유를 서면으로 통지할 것’만 규정하고 있고, 해고사유를 어느 정도로 특정하여야 하는지는 규정하고 있지 않아서 문제된 것인데, 대상판결은 “해고의 서면통지시 ‘해고사유’는 근로자가 자신의 어떤 행위가 해고사유에 해당하는지를 인식할 수 있도록 해고사유에 해당하는 근로자의 구체적인 비위행위를 명시하여야 하고, 그렇지 않고 단순히 징계사유의 조항만을 나열한 것은 제27조 제1항에 위반한 해고로 무효”라고 판시하였다. 근로기준법 제27조의 도입 취지가 해고사유 등의 서면통지를 통해 사용자로 하여금 근로자를 해고하는 데 신중을 기하게 함과 아울러, 해고의 존부 및 시기와 그 사유를 명확하게 하여 사후에 이를 둘러싼 분쟁이 적정하고 용이하게 해결될 수 있도록 하고, 근로자에게도 해고에 적절히 대응할 수 있게 하기 위한 것이라는 점에서 대상판결의 판시는 타당하다. 대상판결은 해고의 서면통지 요건의 해석을 명확히 하고, 기존의 해고사유의 구체성에 대한 학계의 논란도 잠식시킬 수 있게 되었다는 점에서 큰 의의를 갖는다. This Note reviews a court decision where a ex-employee argued for wrongful dismissal. In this decision, the court revealed standards that determine whether a particular dismissal is justifiable or not. Korean Labor Standards Act Article 23 states that a dismissal should have justifiable reasons. The reviewed court decision states that dismissal must satisfy both substantial and procedural justification standards. In 2007, Korean Labor Standards Act was revised to introduce a new system, Written Notice of Reason for Dismissal. However, it failed to stipulate how detailed such reasons for dismissal should be. This court decided that a written notice of reason for dismissal should state specific actions by the employee that called for dismissal, and that enumeration of Articles that state causes for disciplinary action is not enough thus violation of Article 27 Clause 1. When considering the background for introduction of the new system, such decision is an adequate interpretation of the article. This decision is worthwhile in that it will be able to terminate the long academic controversy on justifiable causes for dismissal.