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Cho-Rong Lee,Kwang-Lai Park,Jeong-Lai Cho,Yura Oh,Sang-Min Lee,Nan-Hee An 한국토양비료학회 2020 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.53 No.2
Soil phosphate accumulation has been problems in some organic farmlands in Korea. This study was conducted to solubilize the accumulated phosphate in organic upland soils using green manure mixtures as substitute for chemical materials (EDTA etc.). We investigated the effects of barley-hairy vetch mixtures on the productivity of biomass and nutrient and the solubilization of soil phosphate. Treatments were barley single (B), hairy vetch single (H), mixtures of B and H at the ratio of 2:1 (B2H1), 1:1 (B1H1), 1:2 (B1H2), and control (CON). Green manures were cultivated on phosphate accumulated soils (>1,000 mg Lancaster P₂O₅ kg<SUP>-1</SUP>) for 3 years. Mixtures were more effective for stable production of yields and nutrient than B or H, because dry matter yields of green manures were more variable in B and H single. The quality of B as green manure improved in mixtures, because the C/N ratio of B in mixture increased less than B single. In addition, H was effective for phosphate solubilization, as water soluble phosphate contents of H single (2017 and 2019) and mixtures (2019) were significantly higher than B single (2017 and 2019) and CON (2019) despite of phosphate uptake by green manures. Therefore, barley-hairy vetch mixtures could be useful considering green manure productivity and phosphate solubilization in phosphate accumulated upland soils.
Cho-Rong Lee,Yura Oh,Kwang-Lai Park,Jeong-Lai Cho,Nan-Hee An,Sang-Min Lee 한국토양비료학회 2020 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.53 No.3
Phosphorus (P) easily accumulates in farmland soil due to their high affinity to cations and clay, and thus their use efficiency of crop is low. Green manure-maize rotation system might be an efficient measure to reduce P accumulation in organic farmland by improving P uptake of crops. This study was conducted to investigatethe effects of green manure-maize rotation on P uptake of maize and excess P removal in organic upland soils. Maize mono cropping and green manure-maize rotation systems (barley (B), hairy vetch (H), mixture of B and H) were established in organic farmland, and the experiments were conducted for 2 years without additional nutrients application. Green manure had a significant impact on maize grain production. Maize P uptake increased with the increased rate of hairy vetch seeding. Water soluble P content in soil was further reduced in green manure-maize rotation systems compared to the mono cropping. The results suggest that green manure-maize rotation system (except barley) without nutrient supplement increases P uptake of maizeand thus decreases soil P accumulation.
Oxidative stress-mediated TXNIP loss causes RPE dysfunction
Min Ji Cho,Sung-Jin Yoon,Wooil Kim,Jongjin Park,Jangwook Lee,Jong-Gil Park,Young-Lai Cho,Jeong Hun Kim,Hyejin Jang,박영준,이상현,Jeong-Ki Min 생화학분자생물학회 2019 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.51 No.-
The disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), for example, through oxidative damage, is a common factorunderlying age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Aberrant autophagy also contributes to AMD pathology, asautophagy maintains RPE homeostasis to ensure blood–retinal barrier (BRB) integrity and protect photoreceptors. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) promotes cellular oxidative stress by inhibiting thioredoxin reducing capacityand is in turn inversely regulated by reactive oxygen species levels; however, its role in oxidative stress-induced RPEcell dysfunction and the mechanistic link between TXNIP and autophagy are largely unknown. Here, we observed thatTXNIP expression was rapidly downregulated in RPE cells under oxidative stress and that RPE cell proliferation wasdecreased. TXNIP knockdown demonstrated that the suppression of proliferation resulted from TXNIP depletioninducedautophagic flux, causing increased p53 activation via nuclear localization, which in turn enhanced AMPKphosphorylation and activation. Moreover, TXNIP downregulation further negatively impacted BRB integrity bydisrupting RPE cell tight junctions and enhancing cell motility by phosphorylating, and thereby activating, Src kinase. Finally, we also revealed that TXNIP knockdown upregulated HIF-1α, leading to the enhanced secretion of VEGF fromRPE cells and the stimulation of angiogenesis in cocultured human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. Thissuggests that the exposure of RPE cells to sustained oxidative stress may promote choroidal neovascularization,another AMD pathology. Together, these findings reveal three distinct mechanisms by which TXNIP downregulationdisrupts RPE cell function and thereby exacerbates AMD pathogenesis. Accordingly, reinforcing or restoring BRBintegrity by targeting TXNIP may serve as an effective therapeutic strategy for preventing or attenuatingphotoreceptor damage in AMD.
Cho, Young-Lai,Hur, Sung-Mo,Kim, Ji-Yoon,Kim, Ji-Hee,Lee, Dong-Keon,Choe, Jongeon,Won, Moo-Ho,Ha, Kwon-Soo,Jeoung, Dooil,Han, Sanghwa,Ryoo, Sungwoo,Lee, Hansoo,Min, Jeong-Ki,Kwon, Young-Guen,Kim, Dong American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2015 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.290 No.1
<P>Ginsenoside Rg5 is a compound newly synthesized during the steaming process of ginseng; however, its biological activity has not been elucidated with regard to endothelial function. We found that Rg5 stimulated <I>in vitro</I> angiogenesis of human endothelial cells, consistent with increased neovascularization and blood perfusion in a mouse hind limb ischemia model. Rg5 also evoked vasorelaxation in aortic rings isolated from wild type and high cholesterol-fed ApoE<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice but not from endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) knock-out mice. Angiogenic activity of Rg5 was highly associated with a specific increase in insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) phosphorylation and subsequent activation of multiple angiogenic signals, including ERK, FAK, Akt/eNOS/NO, and G<SUB>i</SUB>-mediated phospholipase C/Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>/eNOS dimerization pathways. The vasodilative activity of Rg5 was mediated by the eNOS/NO/cGMP axis. IGF-1R knockdown suppressed Rg5-induced angiogenesis and vasorelaxation by inhibiting key angiogenic signaling and NO/cGMP pathways. <I>In silico</I> docking analysis showed that Rg5 bound with high affinity to IGF-1R at the same binding site of IGF. Rg5 blocked binding of IGF-1 to its receptor with an IC<SUB>50</SUB> of ∼90 nmol/liter. However, Rg5 did not induce vascular inflammation and permeability. These data suggest that Rg5 plays a novel role as an IGF-1R agonist, promoting therapeutic angiogenesis and improving hypertension without adverse effects in the vasculature.</P>
Lai, Ching-Lung,Ahn, Sang Hoon,Lee, Kwan Sik,Um, Soon Ho,Cho, Mong,Yoon, Seung Kew,Lee, Jin-Woo,Park, Neung Hwa,Kweon, Young-Oh,Sohn, Joo Hyun,Lee, Jiyoon,Kim, Jeong-Ae,Han, Kwang-Hyub,Yuen, Man-Fung BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2014 Gut Vol.63 No.6
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Besifovir (LB80380) is an acyclic nucleotide phosphonate effective in hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA suppression for both treatment-naive and lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in preliminary studies.</P><P><B>Design</B></P><P>We aimed to compare the safety and antiviral activity of two doses of besifovir (90 mg and 150 mg daily) with entecavir 0.5 mg daily in CHB patients. 114 patients were randomised to receive besifovir 90 mg daily (n=36), besifovir 150 mg daily (n=39) or entecavir 0.5 mg daily (n=39). HBV DNA and liver biochemistry, including serum L-carnitine levels, were monitored.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>At week 48, in the intention-to-treat population, the proportion of patients achieving undetectable HBV DNA (<20 IU/mL) were 63.6%, 62.9% and 58.3%, respectively (p>0.05). The serum mean log<SUB>10</SUB> HBV DNA changes from baseline for the HBeAg-positive patients were −5.84, −5.91 and −6.18, respectively; and for the HBeAg-negative patients were −4.65, −4.55 and −4.67, respectively (p>0.05). There were no differences in the proportions of patients achieving normalisation of alanine aminotransferase (91.7%, 76.9%, 89.7%, respectively) and HBeAg seroconversion (11.11%, 15%, 9.52%, respectively) among all three groups. None of the patients had resistant mutations or increase in serum creatinine of >0.5 mg/dL from baseline. 64 (94.1%) patients on besifovir had lowering of serum L-carnitine (not tested in entecavir patients). L-carnitine levels returned to normal with carnitine supplement.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>At 48 weeks, 90 mg and 150 mg daily of besifovir were non-inferior to entecavir 0.5 mg daily in treatment-naive CHB patients. The only significant side effect of besifovir was L-carnitine depletion, requiring carnitine supplementation.</P>
Organic field-effect transistors integrated with Ti<sub>2</sub>CT<sub>x</sub> electrodes
Lai, Shen,Jang, Sung Kyu,Cho, Jeong Ho,Lee, Sungjoo The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Nanoscale Vol.10 No.11
<P>Recently, MXenes, which are two-dimensional early transition metal carbides and carbonitrides, have attracted wide attention because of their unique properties. In this study, the electrode applications of Ti2CTx, a member of the MXene family, in pentacene organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are assessed. Kelvin probe force microscopy analysis was performed to determine the work function of Ti2CTx, which is estimated to be around 5.1 eV. Devices with Ti2CTx electrodes and pentacene channels were fabricated and their electronic performances were evaluated. The contact resistance between Ti2CTx and pentacene is as low as 3 kΩ cm, superior to those of other reported electrode materials. The temperature-dependent current-voltage transfer characteristics of the devices were used to extract activation energy, estimated to be 0.17 eV. This activation energy value is much lower than those of other electrode materials and demonstrates that Ti2CTx is a promising electrode for high performance OFET applications.</P>
( Lai Wei ),( Jinlin Hou ),( Yan Luo ),( Jeong Heo ),( Chi-jen Chu ),( Zhongping Duan ),( Mong Cho ),( Jun Cheng ),( Jun Li ),( Jidong Jia ),( Wenjing Lu ),( Linda M Fredrick ),( Tami Pilot-matias ),( 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: HCV genotype 1b is the most common genotype in Asian patients. ONYX-I is a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the 3-DAA regimen of OBV/PTV/r and DSV in treatment- naive and treatment-experienced non-cirrhotic patients with HCV GT1b infection in China, South Korea and Taiwan. Methods: In this study, the safety/efficacy of OBV/PTV/r + DSV administered for 12 weeks were evaluated in non-cirrhotic Asian patients. Patients in Arm A received active study drug during a 12-week double-blind (DB) period, while patients in Arm B received placebo during the same period followed by an open-label (OL) period in which they received 12 weeks of active study drug. Efficacy was assessed by SVR12 and SVR24. Efficacy and safety were assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of active study drugs. Results: 650 HCV GT1b patients (54% female, 100% Asian, 44% treatment-experienced) were enrolled from China (n=410) South Korea (n=120) and Taiwan (n=120), and randomised 1:1 to Arms A and B. In Arm A, SVR12 and SVR24 rates were 99.5% (183/184) in treatment-naive patients and 100% (141/141) in treatment- experienced patients. Most treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in patients receiving the active drug were mild in severity. The most common (≥5%) TEAEs in Arm A were upper respiratory tract infection (10.5%), headache (6.2%) and dizziness (5.2%). Seven patients had serious AEs during active treatment (Arm A) and one patient in Arm A discontinued treatment. Conclusions: In non-cirrhotic Asian adults with HCV GT1b-infection, treated with OBV/PTV/r + DSV for 12 weeks, SVR24 rates equalled previously reported SVR12 rates from this study (99.5% of treatment- naive and 100% of treatment-experienced patients), and are consistent with other clinical trials with this drug combination. The treatment was generally well tolerated with mostly mild TEAEs reported.