CARIES-METER를 이용한 치아우식 치료법의 기준에 관한 고찰

이지연,정홍주,백병주 全北大學校 齒醫學硏究所 1991 전북치대논문집 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study was finding of criteria for exact diagnosis of initial caries and advanced caries lesions. 57 primary molar teeth & 43 permanent first molar teeth of 75 children that visited pedodontic department of chonbuk National University hospital were used for experiment. We compared with radiographic examination and suitable clinical treatment according to the extent of dental caries by using Caries Meter L. The obtained results were as follows. l. Concerning of the equality rate in the primary molars and permanent teeth, the case of comparing radiographic examination and clinical treatment method in the highest rate as 98.24% in the primary molars, whereas the case of comparing Caries Meter L and clinical treatment is the highest rate as 90.7% in the permanent teeth. 2. When comparing of the measurement in Caries Meter L and radiographic examination of primary molars, the concurrent rate on extent of dental caries was 100% in the enamel, 78% in the dentin and 50% in the pulp, the Pearson Correlation was r=0.864 and there were significant difference statistically as significant level α=0.01(P<0.01). 3. When comparing of the measurement in Caries Meter L and clinical treatment method of primary molars, the concurrent rate on extent of dental caries was 100% in the enamel, 80% in the dentin and 55.6% in the pulp, the Pearson Correlation was r=0.877 and there were significant difference statistically as significant level α= 0.01(P<0.01). 4. When comparing of the radiographic examination and clinical treatment method of primary molars, the concurrent rate was high as 90% in the pulp, the Pearson Correlation was r=0.982 and there were significant difference statistically as significant level α= 0.01(P<0.01). 5. When comparing of the measurement in Caries Meter L and radiographic examination of permanent teeth, the concurrent rate was 78% in the enamel, 66.7% in the dentin and 100% in the pulp, the Pearson Correlation was r=0.689 and there were significant difference statistically as significant level α=0.01(P<0.01). 6. When comparing of the measurement in Caries Meter L and clinical treatment method in the permanent teeth, the concurrent rate was 95.2% in the enamel, 85.7% in the dentin and 50% in the pulp, the Pearson Correlation was r=0.930 and there were significant difference statistically as significant level α=0.01(P<0.01). 7. When comparing of the radiographic examination and clinical treatment method in the permanent teeth, the concurrent rate was 74.1% in the enamel, 57.1% in the dentin and 50% in the pulp, the Pearson Correlation was r=0.681 and there were significant difference statistically as significant level α= 0.01(P<0.01).

Expression of GFP in Various Cells and Tissues Isolated from Recloned GFP-Transgenic Pigs

Park, KW,Lee, H,Kim, SU,Choi, SS,Choi, SK,Chung, YS,Hong, JY,Hong, S,Jung, JY,Park, CS,Lee, SH 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2004 논문집 Vol. No.8

방광내 전기자극 시 나타나는 방광의 구심성 신경의 변화

홍창희,김영식,김장환,노지연,고혜경,김찬수,한상원 大韓泌尿器科學會 2003 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.44 No.5

월경 주기에 따른 자궁내막조직내 일산화질소 생성효소의 발현

홍성란,홍수정,백은찬,유근재,송지홍,송인옥,최범채,궁미경,손일표,전종영,강인수,박인서 대한산부인과학회 1999 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.42 No.6

목적: 정상여성의 자궁내막 조직에서 NOS 효소군이 발현되는지를 살펴보고, 월경 주기에 따라 NOS 발현 양상 및 정도에 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 한다. 방법: 정상여성 30예를 대상으로 월경 주기에 따라 자궁내막 생검을 시행하여 얻은 조직을 이용하여 eNOS, iNOS, bNOS 에 대한 면역조직화학 염색을 하였다. 염색 정도는 영상분석기를 이용하여 평가 하였는데 평균 광학농도[average optical density]에 따라 염색이 안된 세포는 0, 검게 염색된 세포는 255로 판정하였다. 결과: 자궁내막 조직에서 eNOS와 iNOS의 발현을 관찰할 수 있었으나 bNOS의 발현은 관찰할 수 없었다. eNOS 염색 정도는 분비기 중기[65.5±0.9, 61.9±0.9: 자궁내막 선상피세포, 기질세포]나 분비기 후기[66.4±1.6, 60.8±1.5]에 증식기[54.1±0.6, 52.0±0.8]에 비해서 통계적으로 의의 있게 강하게 염색되었다[p$lt;0.01]. iNOS 염색 정도도 eNOS와 마찬가지로 분비기 중기[68.2±1.1, 64.7±1.1]나 분비기 후기[70.7±1.7, 66.9±2.0]에 증식기[63.0±0.9, 60.7±0.7]에 비해서 통계적으로 의의 있게 강하게 염색되었다[p$lt;0.01]. 또한 분비기 후기에는 분비기 중기와 비교하여 eNOS와 iNOS가 약간 강하게 염색되는 경향을 보였다. 결론: 정상 여성의 자궁 내막조직에서 자궁내막 선상피세포나 기질세포에 상관없이 eNOS와 iNOS가 발현될 뿐 아니라 월경 주기에 따라 차이를 보이는 결과를 통해서 자궁내막의 생리작용을 위한 국소적인 조절에 NO가 관여한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 특히 eNOS와 iNOS가 분비기 후기에 강하게 발현되는 양상을 관찰함으로써 월경을 위한 자궁내막의 변화에도 NO가 관련될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Objective: This study was designed to determine the expression of nitric oxide synthase [NOS] isoforms in the endometrium of fertile women and to evaluate their cyclic changes during the menstrual cycle. Methods: The expression of NOS isoforms was examined by immunohistochemistry and image analysis in endometrial tissues of 30 fertile women according to their menstrual cycles. Results: The expression of endothelial NOS [eNOS] and inducible NOS [iNOS] was observed in the endometrium. However, the expression of neuronal NOS [bNOS] wasn`t detected. The mean staining intensities of eNOS and iNOS in glandular epithelium was significantly stronger than that in stromal cells. Cyclic changes of eNOS and iNOS expression were also noted in the endometrium. The mean staining intensities of eNOS and iNOS in endometrium of the secretory phase was significantly stronger than that of the proliferative phase. And the mean staining intensities of eNOS and iNOS in endometrium of the late secretory phase was stronger tendency than that of the mid secretory phase. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the expression of eNOS and iNOS was changed in phase dependent manner during the menstrual cycle, implying a physiologic role for nitric oxide in the local control of endometrial function. The strong expression of eNOS and iNOS in endometrium of the late secretory phase suggested that NO may play a role in the process of menstruation.

여성 뇨실금의 유병률에 대한 기초연구

홍재엽,김계현 대한산부인과학회 1993 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.36 No.7

저자들은 임상실제의 볼 수 있는 여성 뇨실금의 유병율에 대한 예비연구를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 이끌어 내었다. 1. 전반적 유병율은 44.9%였고, 긴장성 뇨실금은 41.7%, 절박성 뇨실금은 19.8%, 불안정성 방광은 7.9%를 각각 보였다. 2. 평균연령과 평균분만수는, 복압긴장성 뇨실금, 절박성 뇨실금, 불안정성 방광, 모두에서 증상이 있는 군이 증상이 없는 군보다 유의하게 높았다. 3. 연령이 증가할수록 유병율은 복압긴장성 뇨실금, 절박성 뇨실금,불안정성 방광, 모두에서 60대까지는, 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 4. 폐경후군은 폐경전군에 비하여, 복압긴장성 뇨실금과 절박성 뇨실금 항목에서, 유병율이 유의하 게 높았다. 5. 뇨실금의 유병율은 분만을 한 군에서 분만을 하지않은 군보다 유의하게 높았으며, 분만수가 증 가할수록 그 빈도가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. We studied the prevalence of female urinary incontinence in general practics. A retrospective analysis of the prevalence of female urinary incontinence based on 849 cases, which included hospital female employee and patients without voiding symptoms visitng Cheil general hostital. All subjects were submitted to the questionnaire about the experience of urinary incontinence through adult lift. It was reported that 44.9% of the subjects had experienced urinary incontinence. And stree, urge incontinence and unstable bladder was 41.7, 19.8 and 7.9% respectively. The mean age and mean number of delivery of the symptomatic group in stress urinary incontinence, urge incontinence and unstable bladder were statistically different from those of asymptiomatic group (p$lt;0.01). The frequency of stress urinary incontinence, unstable bladder and urge incontinence was increased with age and the number of delivery and was significantly highter in parous group (p$lt;0.001). The frequency of stree urinary incontinence and urge incontinence was significantly higher in postmenopausal group than that of premenopausal group (p$lt;0.05).

Feasibility of unsaturated fatty acid feedstocks as green alternatives in bio-oil refinery

JY Jeon,Y Han,YW Kim,YW Lee,S Hong,DW Hwang,IT Hwang 한국에너지학회 2021 한국에너지공학회 학술발표회 Vol.2021 No.11

자궁외임신에 관한 임상적 고찰

홍서유,정연실,박준영,성낙구 대한산부인과학회 1991 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.34 No.2

1984년 1월부터 1988년 12월까지 5년간 서울을지병원 산부인과에서 입원치료한 자궁외임신 환자 222예를 임상적 고찰하여 그 결과를 보고하면 다음과 같다. 1. 총 분만수에 대한 자궁외임신의 빈도는 1:43.2(222예/9586분만)이었다. 2. 호발연령은 26~30세로 43.2%이었다. 3. 분만과의 관계에서 미산부의 자궁외임신이 41%를 차지하였고, 한번도 임신한 경험이 없는 미임부가 16.2%를 차지하였다. 4. 인공유산과의 관계에서 인공유산의 경험이 있는 경우가 68.9%로써 자궁외임신 유발과의 유의성이 있음을 보여주었다. 5. 기왕력은 기왕개복술의 경험이 있는 경우가 21.6%, 복강경 난관불임시술을 받은 경우가 5.9%, 인공임신중절이 60.9%, 골반내염증이 8.8%, 그외 자궁내 피임장치가 0.8%였다. 6. 최종월경 제 1일로부터 증상 발현되어 내원하기까지의 기간은 6주이내가 29.7%, 6~8주가 37.8%로 대다수를 차지하였다. 7. 임상증상에서 하복부 동통이 73.9%, 무월경이 69%, 질출혈이 64.5%, 자궁경부압통이 48.6%, 골반부위 중압감이 43.6%등 주 증상으로 나타났다. 8. 자궁외임신의 진단에서 urine hCG(+)가 93.4% culdocentesis가 88.6%, 초음파검사가 79.8%, 복강경진단이 83.3%이었으며 자궁내막검사상 Arias-stella reaction이 20.3%, secretory endometrium이 45.6%, proliferative endometrium이 22.8%, decidua가 11.3%였다. 9. 자궁외임신의 위치는 나팔관이 93.3%, 자궁각이 2.7%, 난소가 1.4%, 자궁경관이 1.8%, 복강내가 0.4%, rudimentaly horn이 0.4%이었다. 10. 수술방법은 환측 난관절제술이 59.5%, 환측 난소난관절제술이 27%로 대다수를 차지하였다. 11. 입원당시 혈색소치는 10 gm%미만이 24.3%, 10 gm%이상이 75.7%이었고, 수술시 복강내 출혈량은 500 ml이하가 51.8%, 500~2000 ml가 45.9%이었다. 12. 수술합병증은 복강내 농양 형성이 0.4% 있었으며 수혈에 대한 합병증 및 사망한 예는 없었다. The ectopic pregnancy is the one of the gynecologic emergency. And now second leading cause of maternal death in the United States. The reasons or causes for increasing ectopic pregnancy include the following. 1. Tubal infection due to increased prevalence of sexual transmitted disease. 2. Use for contraception that prevents intrauterine pregnancy but not extrauterine pregnancy by intrauterine device or low-dose progestational agents. 3. Unsuccessful tubal sterilization. 4. Induced abortion followed by infection. 5. Fertility induced by ovulatory agents. 6. Previous pelvic surgery. 7. Exposure to stilbestrol in utero. 8. Better and earlier diagnostic procedures. The incidence of ectopic pregnancies has been expressed in various ways. Population-based data are presented that based on the 222 ectopic pregnancies reported in Seoul Eul-Ji General Hospital from Jan. 1st, 1984 to Dec. 31, 1988. A review of determinant factors of ectopic pregnancy is presented as follows; 1. The incidence of ectopic pregnancies was 1 per 43.2 deliveries(222/9586). 2. The most common incidence of age group was found in 26~30 years old and the rate was 42.3%(94/222). 3. The obstetrical histories of ectopic pregnant patients were nulligravida in 16.2%, abortion in 52.3%, delivery in 22% and previous ectopic gestation in 9.5%. 4. The past histories were previous operation in 21.6%, laparoscopic tubal sterilization in 5.9%, artificial abortion in 60.9%, pelvic inflammatory diseases in 8.8% and intrauterine device in 0.8%. 5. The duration from LMP to the time of onset of the symptoms was below 6 weeks in 29.7% and 6~8 weeks in 37.8%. 6. According to symptomatological analysis, these symptoms occurred as follows, lower abdominal pain in 73.9%, amenorrhea in 69%, vaginal spotting or bleeding in 64.5%, cervical moving pain in 48.6%, bearing down sensation in 43.6% and then one more symptoms were complicated. 7. The diagnostic procedures for early detection of 122 ectopic pregnant women were urine hCG, culdocentesis,ultrasonogram, endometrial biopsy, and diagnostic laparoscopy from Jan.lst,1986 to Dec.31th, 1988. The result with positive urine hCG was in 93.4%, with culdocentesis in 88.6%, with positive urine hCG was in 93.4%, with culdocentesis in 88.6%, with ultrasonogram in 79.8%, and with diagnostic laparoscopy in 83.3%. The findings of endometrial biopsy were decidua,only in 11.3%. 8. Ectopic pregnancies were implanted on fallopian tube in 93.3%, uterine conus in 2.7%, ovary in 1.4%, cervix in 1.8%, abdomen in 0.4% and rudimentary horn in 0.4%. 9. The operative procedures were ipsilateral salpingectomy in 59.5%, ipsilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in 27%, cornual resection in 2.7%, total abdominal hysterectomy in 2.3%and others in 8.5%. 10. The value of Hb was below 10gm% in 24.3% and above 10 gm% in 75.7%. The amount of intraabdominal hemorrhage was below 500ml in 51.8%, 500~2000ml in 45.9%.The rate of patients with transfusion was 44.1%. 7. The diagnostic procedures for early detection of 122 ectopic pregnant women were urine hCG, culdocentesis, ultrasonogram, endometrial

체외수정시술시 난소과자극증후군 예방을 위한 알부민 투여나 모든 배아를 동결하는 방법의 효용성과 임신율에 미치는 영향

홍수정,박인서,전종영,강인수,궁미경,손일표,최범채,백은찬,유근재,송지홍,송인옥 대한산부인과학회 1998 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.41 No.6

1995년 1월부터 1997년 9월까지 본원 불임클리닉에서 체외수정 및 배아의 자궁내 이식을 시행한 환자 가운데 hCG 투여일의 혈중 E2 농도가 4000 pg/ml 이상이고 채취된 난자수가 15개 이상으로 OHSS의 발생 가능성이 높은 고위험군 환자 60예를 대상으로 하여, 이들 중 OHSS를 예방할 목적으로 hCG 투여일에 알부민을 정맥 투여한 후 신선 배아를 자궁강내 이식한 46예(알부민 투여군)과 배아를 모두 동결한 후 다음 주기에 동결 배아를 녹여 자궁강내 이식한 14예(동결 배아군)를 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 환자의 연령은 알부민 투여군이 31.1±0.6세, 동결 배아군이 32.0±0.6세로 두 군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 불임 기간도 알부민 투여군이 57.4±5.9 개, 동결 배아군이 53.6±9.3개월로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 2. 과배란유도시 성선자극호르몬의 투여 기간은 알부 민 투여군이 7.4±0.2일, 동결 배아군이 7.6±0.3일 이었고, 투여 용량은 알부민 투여군이 21.1±1.3 ampule, 동결 배아군이 17.4±1.5 ampule로 두 군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 3. 초음파상 관찰되는 평균 직경이 14 mm 이상되는 난포의 수는 알부민 투여군이 14.7±0.8개, 동결 배아군 이 13.6±1.0개였고, 채취된 난자수는 알부민 투여군이 24.9±0.9개, 동결 배아군이 28.1±3.1개였고, 수정된 난자수는 알부민 투여군이 13.4±0.8개, 동결 배아군이 14.8±1.1개로 두 군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 4. hCG 투여일의 자궁내막 두께도 알부민 투여군이 10.5±0.3 mm, 동결 배아군이 11.4±0.5 mm로 두군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 그러나 hCG 투여일 의 혈중 E2 농도는 동결 배아군이 8,507±747 pg/ml로 알부민 투여군의 5,885±177 pg/ml보다 통계적으로 의의 있게 높았다(p<0.05). 5. 이식된 배아 중 Grade I, I-1으로 분류되는 상태가 좋은 배아 수는 알부민 투여군이 2.4±0.2개, 동결 배아 군이 2.6±0.5개로 두 군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 6. 임신율은 동결 배아군에서 64.3%, 알부민 투여군 에서 23.9%였고 착상률은 동결 배아군에서 30.6%, 알부민 투여군에서 6.7%로 임신율과 착상률 모두 동결 배아 군에서 통계적으로 의의있게 높았다(p<0.05). 7. OHSS는 동결 배아군에서 14.3%, 알부민 투여군에 서 8.7%가 발생하였으나 두 군간의 통계적의의는 없었다. 그러나 동결 배아군에서는 중등증 2예가 발생한 반면 알부민 투여군에서는 증상이 심한 중증 2예가 발생 하였다. 이상의 결과로, hCG 투여일에 알부민을 정맥투여하고 신선 배아를 자궁강내 이식하는 방법이나 신선 배아를 모두 동결한 후 다음 주기에 동결 배아를 녹여 자궁 강 내 이식하는 방법 모두 OHSS를 예방할 수 없었다. 그러나 동결 배아군에서 혈중 E2 농도가 의의있게 높음에도 불구하고, 해당주기에서 배아 이식을 하지 않고 다음 주기에 동결 배아를 이식함으로써 중증 OHSS의 빈도는 낮추면서 오히려 임신율이 증가되는 것으로 보아 OHSS 발생 고위험 환자군에서 시도해 볼만한 가치가 있는 치료 방법이라고 생각된다. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is one of the well known complication of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Although there have been several protocols for prevention of OHSS, it has not been completely preventable until now. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic administration of albumin on the day of oocyte retrieval or elective cryopreservation of all embryos for the prevention of OHSS in patients at high risk after ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization and to assess the impact of the two protocols of treatment on the pregnancy rates. We analyzed a total of 60 IVF-ET cycles in which the serum E2 concentration on the day of hCG administration was >4000 pg/ml and less than 15 oocytes were retrieved during the period of January 1995 to September 1997. The incidence of OHSS and pregnancy rates in 46 cycles in which fresh embryos transfer was done after prophylactic albumin (albumin group) were compared with 14 cycles in which embryo transfer was cancelled with cryopreservation of all embryos (cryopreservation group). Two to three months later, cryopreserved-thawed embryo transfer was done in artificially prepared cycle using estrogen and progesterone. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean age (31.1±0.6 vs 32.0±0.6, mean±SEM), total dosage of gonadotropin (21.1±1.3 vs 17.4±1.5 ampules), endometrial thickness on the day of hCG administration (10.5 ±0.3 vs 11.4±0.5 mm), number of oocytes retrieved (24.9±0.9 vs 28.1±3.1), up number of fertilized oocytes (13.4±0.8 vs 14.8±1.1) and number of good embryos transfered (2.4±0.2 vs 2.6±0.5). However, mean serum E2 concentration on the day of hCG administration in the cryopreservation gro (8,507±747 pg/ml) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than albumin group (5,885±177 pg/ml). The average incidence of OHSS was similar in both groups (8.7% vs 14.3%; p>0.05). But, there was no severe OHSS (0/14) in cryopreservation group, whereas incidence of severe OHSS was 4.3% (2/46) in albumin group. The clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in cryopreservation group than in albumin group (64.3% vs 23.9%; p<0.05) These data suggest that administration of albumin may not reliably protect against the development of OHSS. However, withholding embryo transfer may reduce the incidence of severe OHSS even in cases with extremely high serum E2 level and yield significantly higher clinical pregnancy rate subsequent thawed embryo transfer cycle. Therefore, we suggest that cancellation of embryo transfer with cryopreservation of all embryos could be an effective alternative protocol to the administration of prophylactic albumin in patients at risk of developing severe OHSS.

미세난관복원수술 후 누적 임신율에 관한 임상적 고찰

홍수정,전종영,궁미경,백은찬,유근재,송지홍,현우영,이문섭,함경렬,이경상 대한산부인과학회 1998 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.41 No.10

목적: 미세난관복원수술에 영향을 미치는 인자와 추적 관찰 기간 중 누적 임신율과 임신가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 방법: 1993년 4월부터 1995년 3월까지 삼성제일병원 불임클리닉에서 한 사람의 수술자에 의해 미세난관복원수술을 받은 119명을 대상으로 logistic regression analysis와 life-table analysis를 하였다. 결과: 추적 관찰된 대상의 전체 임신율은 77.9%(67/86)이였고 여기에는 생화학적 임신 1.2%, 자궁외임신 4.7%, 자궁내임신 72.1%이 포함된다. 임신율에 영향을 미치는 인자는 수술 후 난관 길이와 추적 관찰기간이었다. 수술 후 24개월 내에 임신할 가능성은 0.75이었고 수술 후 임신되기까지의 median interival은 6.6개월이었다. 결론: 수술 후 24개월 내에 임신할 가능성은 0.75이고, 수술 후 난관 길이가 임신율에 미치는 중요한 인자였으며 추적 관찰기간이 길수록 누적 임신율은 증가하였다. Objective: To evaluate what factors can influence the pregnancy outcome of the patients who underwent microsurgical of tubal sterilization and to calculate cumulative preganncy rate and probability of pregancny by period of follow-up. Design: Retrospective clinical study. Patient(s): One hundred nineteen patients who had sterilized and had operated microsurgical tubal reversal by one operator in our hospital between April 1993 and March 1995. Main Outcome Measure(s): Clinical characteristics of patients, influencing factors and cumulative pregnancy rates by logistic regression analysis and life-table analysis. Results: Pregancny outcomes were identified in 72.3% of the total patients (86/119). The overall pregancny rate was 77.9% (67/86), which included biochemical pregnancy (1/86, 1.2%), ectopic pregnancy (4/86, 4.7%) and intrauterine pregnancy (62/86, 72.1%). The factors influencing pregnancy outcome in this study by logistic regression analysis were tubal length after operation and interval from operation to achieving pregnancy. The probability that pregnancy would occur within first 24 months in total patients was 0.75. The median interval from tubal reversal to pregnancy was 6.6 months. Conclusion: The overall probability of pregnancy was 0.75 within first 24 months. The tubal length reconstructed after operation was the major factor affecting the pregnancy outcome according to result of this study.

급성 심근경색증과 유사한 ST분절 상승을 보인 심장전이 폐암 1예

김장영,윤정한,유병수,이승환,정순희,홍인수,최경훈 대한순환기학회 2003 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.33 No.5