국립공원 내 공중화장실에 대한 탐방객 인식에 관한 연구 : 지리산국립공원을 중심으로

이호(Ho Lee),이승록(Seung-Rok Lee),박기현(Ki-Hyun Park),박은희(Eun-Hee Park),차진열(Jin-Yeol Cha),심규원(Kyu-Won Sim),강동원(Dong-Won Gang) 국립공원연구원 2011 국립공원연구지 Vol.2 No.1

본 연구는 공원 내 공중화장실에 대한 탐방객의 인식이 만족도에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 수행하였다. 현지 설문조사는 지리산국립공원의 성삼재와 중산리 일원을 방문한 탐방객 292명을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 분석결과, 공중화장실의 관리상태, 외관, 디자인 요인 모두 탐방객의 공중화장실 이용 만족에 영향을 주는 것으로 분석되었으며, 그 중 관리상태가 가장 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 탐방객의 인식과 만족을 향상시키기 위해서는 공중화장실의 청결한 관리 및 유지, 악취 방지, 소모품의 원활한 공급 등에 우선순위를 두어 집중적으로 관리할 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다. This study conducts to investigate the relationship between visitors’ perception and satisfaction. Data of 292 visitors were collected from Seongsamjae and Jungsanri in Jirisan National Park. The results showed that maintenance, outlook and design of public toilet are positively related to visitors’ satisfaction. One of the major research findings is that the maintenance of public toilet most affects visitors’ satisfaction. Therefore, the park managers need to put great emphasis on the cleanliness and maintenance, preventing stinks, consumable supplies of public toilet in order to enhance visitors’ perception and satisfaction.

RAW264.7 세포에서 interferon-r 및 LPS에 의해 유도되는 NO생성에 미치는 TALT-35의 영향

박종일,박경석,김종석,박지훈,윤은진,송경섭,서강식,김훈,윤완희,박승길,임규,황병두 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 2006 생물공학연구지 Vol.12 No.-

TALP-35 purified from human term placenta is known to increase microtubule polymerization and stabilize the polymerized microtubule. To examine the effect of TALP-35 on immune system this study was performed. MTT assay was performed to investigate the effect of TALP-35 on the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells. TALP-35 dose dependently suppress the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells at high concentration (above 1 μM) in unstimulated cells, in case of 10 μM TALP-35 treated cells the suppression was 25% but in stimulated cells it was only 15%. Cosedimentation assay was carried out to investigate whether TALP-35 can bind to tubulin of RAW264.7, monocyte/macrophage lineage of mouse, and polymerize it. TALP-35 polymerize the tubulin of RAW264.7 cells and sedimented in dose-dependent manner. To investigate the effect of TALP-35 on the expression of iNOS protein western blotting was performed. The expression level of iNOS was decreased dose dependently in high concentration of TALP-35 treatment. To examine the activity of iNOS, secreted NO was determined by method based on Griess reaction. Interferon-γ and LPS-stimulated production of NO from RAW264.7 cells was decreased dose dependently above 0.1 μM concentration of TALP-35 and 50% is decreased at 10μM of it. This study shows TALP-35 can control cytokine induced-iNOS expression therefore it might control inflammatory diseases.

Clothing Pressure of selected Support Panty Stockings

(Jeong Eun Park),(Su Kwang Sung),(Min Kyu Song) 한국의류산업학회 2000 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.2 No.5

The purpose of the study was to obtain the basic data on the self-adjusting ability of the support panty stockings. Ten healthy women in the twenties were selected as subjects and clothing pressure of 9 support panty stockings made of single covered yarn (SCY) and double covered yarn (DCY) were measured under the standard environmental condition for the study. Data was analysed statistically according to body postures, sides, and parks. The results were as follows: Clothing pressure according to body posture was order of `sitting-on-a-chair`, `stepping-up-a-stair`, and `standing`. High clothing pressure was obtained in the parts of calf (9.4 gf/㎠) in `standing` and knee (9.7 and 16.5 gf/㎠) in both `stepping-up-a-stair` and `sitting-on-a-chair`, respectively. The order of clothing pressure with body sides was `front`, `side`, and `back`. The highest clothing pressure was knee (18.8 gf/㎠) on the front, thigh (8.8 gf/㎠) on the side, and calf (6.4 gf/㎠) on the back. Clothing pressure of DCY at abdomen and knee was a little higher than those of SCY 3. In terms of material structure variation, clothing pressure of thigh, calf and ankle with SCY was a little higher than those with DCY, while clothing pressure of abdomen and knee with DCY was a little higher than those with SCY.

Antiadhesive effect and safety of oxidized regenerated cellulose after thyroidectomy

Kyoung Sik Park,Kyu Eun Lee,Do Hoon Ku,Su-Jin Kim,Won Seo Park2,Hoon Yub Kim3,,Mi Ra Kwon1,Yeo-Kyu Youn1 대한외과학회 2013 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.84 No.6

Purpose: To evaluate the antiadhesive effects and safety of an oxidized regenerated cellulose (Interceed) after thyroidectomy. Methods: Seventy-six thyroidectomized patients were prospectively randomized into two groups with regard to the use of Interceed. We evaluated each group for their adhesive symptoms using four subjective and four objective items at the 2nd week, 3rd and 6th month after thyroidectomy. All patients were examined for vocal cord motility by indirect laryngoscope at each period. Results: Total adhesion scores at each postoperative follow-up period decreased with time, but were not significantly different in each group. The median score for swallowing discomfort for liquid was significantly lower in the Interceed group than in the control group 2 weeks after surgery. In addition, the severity of skin adhesion to the trachea was reduced in the Interceed group compared with the control group 6 months after surgery. During the study, there were no adverse effects or significant differences in postoperative complications between the groups. Conclusion: Interceed appeared to be safe and effective in improving neck discomfort at early postoperative periods and preventing skin adhesion to the trachea 6 months after thyroidectomy.

축구선수의 Detraining과 Retraining이 혈청지질 및 호르몬농도에 미치는 영향

정정화,박재현,채종훈,성혜련,황지인,윤미숙,노금선,윤종관,윤영학,노순덕,정경숙,박일규,김은희,박현태,박상갑 대한스포츠의학회 1999 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of detraining and retraining on serum lipid and hormones in soccer players. Subjects were seven male high-school soccer players. V˙O_2max was determined for each subjects by administering a treadmill test(initial speed: 90m/min, grade: 5%, increasing speed per 3 min: 30m/min). Serum lipid(T-C, TG, HDL-C LDL-C) and hormones(epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormones, cortisol) were assayed pre and post detraining in 10, 20, 30 days after retraining. The repeated ANOVA was used to determine significant differences. The 0.05 level of significance was as critical level for the study. The results of the study were as follows: 1. V˙O_2max(ml/min) were 3576.3±204.2ml/min pre detraining, 3234.1±198.9 ml/min post detraining. There are significant(p<.05) difference between pre and post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, V˙O_2max(ml/min) were 3601.4±170.9 ml/min. There were significantly(p<.05) increased in retraining periods. 2. V˙O_2max(ml/kg/min) were significantly(p<.05) decreased from 62.3±2.9 ml/kg/min to 55.9±4.7 ml/kg/min in detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, V˙O_2max(ml/kg/min) were 62.4±3.4ml/kg/min, 62.7±2.3ml.kg/min, 67.3±7.2ml/kg/min respectively. There were significantly(p<.05) increased in retraining periods. 3. T-C were significantly (p<.05) increased from 166.6±8.5mg/dl to 175.3±10.3 mg/dl in detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, T-C were 160.1± 3.2mg/dl, 156.7±3.7mg/dl, 140.3±9.0mg/dl. There were significantly(p<.05) decreased in retraining periods. 4. HDL-C were 61.4±6.6mg/di pre detraining, 5.3±6.6mg/dl post detraining. There are significant(p<.05) difference between pre and post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, HDL-C were 56.9±7.1mg/dl, 56.4±9.2mg/dl, 57.7±9.1mg/dl respectively. There were no significant difference in retraining periods. 5. The hormones(epinephrine. norepinephrine, growth hormone, cortisol) were changed as same patterns. Epinephrine were 26.0±7.0[g/ml pre detraining, 24.6±3.2pg/ml post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, epinephrine were 26.9±5.6pg/ml, 30.6±6.2pg/ml, 29.4±5.6pg/ml respectively. There were no significant difference in retraining periods. In conclusion, HDL-C, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol were decreased, T-C, LDL-C and TG were increased in detraining. But HDL-C, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol were increased, T-C, LDL-C and TG were decreased in retraining.

지역냉방 시스템용 초고효율 판형 열교환기 개발에 관한 연구

박재홍(Jae-Hong Park),임혁(Hyug-Lim),조성열(Sung-Youl Cho),강인성(In-Sung Kang),김정규(Jung-Kyu Kim),허인은(In-Eun Hur),고성규(Seong-Kyu Ko),곽승식(Sung-Sik Kwak),김종재(Jong-Jae Kim) 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2010 한국마린엔지니어링학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.10

Plate heat exchanger consists of thin, rectangular, pressed sheet metal plates that are sandwiched between full peripheral gaskets and clamped together in a frame. The frame has a fixed end-cover plate, fitted with the connecting ports, which is bolted together with a movable cover plate to hold the embossed plates in between; the top and bottom carrying bars allow proper alignment of the plate stacks. When compared with the well-established shell and tube heat exchangers, the plate heat exchanger shows a lot of advantages like high NTU values, compactness, low cost, multi duties and reduced fouling etc. Plate heat exchangers are often used to transfer heating or cooling water which is produced in the energy production( district heating or district cooling) facilities to residential areas and industrial parks. The district cooling systems of Middle East are the biggest market of plate heat exchanger, but the technical specifications for cooling system are different from the domestic one. To achieve its specifications, the new plate heat exchanger was developed, and its thermal performance results are introduced in this paper.

우심방을 침범한 거대 비호지킨씨 림프종 1예

강상범,진승원,이은경,박용현,최용호,김용주,박준철,김재형,홍순조,최규보,권종범,원용순,박건,이은희 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.4

한국 정신장애의 역학 조사 연구[I] : 각 정신장애의 유병률

조맹제,함봉진,김장규,박강규,정은기,서동우,김선욱,조성진,이준영,홍진표,최용성,박종익,이동우,이기철,배재남,신정호,정인원,박종한,배안,이충경 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.4

Objectives : This study aims to estimate the prevalence of the DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in Korean population using the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI). Methods : Subjects were selected by taking multi-stage, cluster samples of 7,867 adult household residents, 18 to 64 years of age, in ten catchment areas. Total 78 trained interviewers administered the K-CIDI to the selected respondents, from June 1 to November30,2001. Results : Total 6,275 respondents completed the interview. Some 33.5% of respondents reported at least one lifetime disorder, 20.6% reported at least one-year disorder, and 16.7% reported at least one-month disorder. The most common lifetime disorders were alcohol abuse/dependence (17.24%), nicotine dependence/withdrawal (11.19%), specific phobia (5.16%), and major de-pressive disorder (4.25%). The lifetime prevalence of substance abuse/dependence (0.25%) and schizophrenia (0.16%) was very low. Nicotine and alcohol use disorder showed very high male/female ratio. Mood disorder and anxiety disorder were more prevalent among female than male. Conclusion : The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was high. In comparison with other studies, remarkable differences in distributions of psychiatric disorders across the areas and times were observed.

磁氣場내 초파리 集團의 發生率 變動과 選擇不利에 관한 遺傳的 硏究

朴殷圭,朴泰永,崔五木 圓光大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.28 No.2

本 硏究에서는 韓國 仙遊島 自然集團 野生型 초파리와 可視 突然變異型 黃色體小翅 초파리를 Helmholtz coils를 이용하여 만든 여러 가지 다른 磁氣場內의 集團에서 發生率 變動과 性的 選擇率을 調査하여 選擇不利에 관한 遺傳的 行動을 觀察하고자 實驗을 實施하여 아래와 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1.地球磁氣場內의 초파리 集團과 각각의 Helmholts coils裝置內 초파리 集團의 野生型 + 遺傳子의 頻度가 世代의 進行에 따라 增加하여 평형을 보여 주었다. 2.地球磁氣場內의 초파리集團과 各各의 Helmholts coils裝置內의 초파리 集團의 突然變異型 ym 遺傳子, y 遺傳子, m 遺傳子들의 頻度는 世代의 進行에 따라 減少하여 낮은 頻度의 평형을 보여 주었다. 3.초파리 集團의 發生率 變動은 地球磁氣場의 5培인 磁氣場內에서의 초파리 集團에서 3世代에 4.89%, 地球磁氣場이 消去된 곳에서의 초파리 集團에서 5世代에 12.56%로 큰 變動을 보여주었으며 相異한 磁氣場內 초파리 集團의 全體平均 發生率은 地球磁氣場內의 초파리 集團, Helmholtz coils 裝置를 이용하여 地球磁氣場이 消去된 곳에서의 초파리 集團, 地球磁氣場의 3培인 磁氣場內에서의 초파리 集團, 地球磁氣場의 5培인 磁氣場內에서의 초파리 集團에서 各各 21.59%, 23.48%, 27.79%로 地球磁氣場內의 초파리 集團에서 發生率이 增加함을 보여주었다. 4.+遺傳子를 운반한 染色體의 選擇率은 10世代까지 平均 頻度가 地球磁氣場 內의 초파리 集團, 地球磁氣場이 消去된 곳에서의 초파리 集團, 地球磁氣場의 3培인 磁氣場內에서의 초파리 集團, 地球磁氣場의 5培인 磁氣場內에서의 초파리 集團이 各各 66.11%, 61.05%, 66.12%, 66.18%로 觀察되었다. 이 結果는 地球磁氣場이 消去된 곳에서의 초파리 集團에서 가장 강한 選擇不利를 보여주었다. 5.突然變異型 ym遺傳子를 운반한 染色體의 選擇率은 各各의 조절된 磁氣場內의 초파리 集團에서 2.81%, 4.99%, 2.12%, 2.82%로 觀察되었다. 이 結果는 地球磁氣場의 3培인 磁氣場內에서의 초파리 集團에서 2.12로 相對的으로 강하게 選擇不利를 보여주었고 地球磁氣場이 消去된 곳에서의 초파리 集團에서 4.99%로 選擇不利가 가장 약하게 작용된 結果를 보여 주었다. 6.突然變異型 y遺傳子를 운반한 染色體의 選擇率은 各各의 조절된 磁氣場內의 초파리集團에서 3.73%, 3.54%, 2.57%, 2.37%로 觀察되었다. 이 結果는 地球磁氣場의 5培인 磁氣場內에서의 초파리 集團에서 더 높은 選擇不利를 보여 주었다. 7.突然變異型 m遺傳子를 운반한 染色體의 選擇率은 各各의 조절된 磁氣場內의 초파리 集團에서 3.31%, 5.66%, 4.20%, 3.87%로 觀察되었다. 이 結果는 地球磁氣場內의 초파리 集團에서 3.31%로 相對的인 강한 選擇不利를 보여 주었고 地球磁氣場이 消去된 곳에서의 초파리 集團에서 5.66%로 가장 약한 選擇不利를 보여주었다. 8.Duncan's multiple range test의 LSD값으로 有意差異 有無 檢定을 하였던 바 野生型의 A group과 突然變異型의 B group사이에 고도의 有意差異가 있음이 밝혀졌다. 9.本 實驗結果는 地球磁氣場과 여러 가지 다른 磁氣場內의 초파리 集團에서 덜 適應된 초파리로 하여금 실로 짧은 기간에 도태될 수 있게 하는 강력한 性的選擇의 예가 되는 것으로 思料된다. To elucidate the genetic behavior of selective disadventage among visible mutants of Drosophila melanogaster bred and kept by the genetic study laboratory room, Wonkwang University and the wild type collected at Sunyoudo island, and reared under the influence of four different strength of magnetic fields, i.e. the ambient, the without, the treble and the quintuple magnetic field, this study was carried out at the above indicated laboratory room. 1.The shown was that the whole mean emergence rates of the wild type Drosophila melanogaster carrying +gene - bearing chromosome was steadily increased by generation passage finally attained equilibrium, until 10th generation, under the influence of ambient and 3 different magnetic fields generated by Helmholtz coils. 2.Of the Drosophila melanogaster populations either bred in the ambient magnetic field or the magnetic fields of three different strength controlled by Helmholtz coils, the emerhence rates of mutants such as ym gene, y gene and m gene-bearing individuals were decreased with generation passage up to the tenth and also shown the equilibrium of being frequency. 3.The variations of emergence rates of Drosophila melanogaster population altering by generation showed the drastic lowest values at the specified generation, for example, 12.56% under the without magnetic field at the fifth genertion and 4.89% under the quintule magnetic field at the third gereration. The Over-all mean emergence rates of Drosophila melanogaster populations reared in controlled magnetic fields, i.e. the ambient and the without, the treble and the quintuple using Helmholtz coils, showed 21.59%, 23.48%, 27.79% and 27.14% respectively. Referring to these data, the fly population raised in the ambient magnetic field showed a relatively lower emergence rate than any one of the other three populations. 4.The mean selective frequencies of +gene-carrying chromosome up to tenth generation, affected by four different magnetic fields, showed 66.11%, 61.05%, 66.12% and 66.18% with the magnetic field strength as mentioned order before. The data explains that Drosophila melanogaster population reared in the without magnetic field showed the highest selective disadventage. 5.The selective frequencies of the individual of ym gene-bearing chromosomes showed 2.81%, 4.99%, 2.12% and 2.82% by the same order of magnetic field strength indicated above. It was shown that the fly population reared at the treble strength generated by Helmholtz coils cleared the relatively strong selective disadvantage being 2.12%, however the opposite value was 4.99% resulted form the without magnetic field. 6.The selective frequencies of the mutant which carries y gene-bearing chromosome showed 3.73%, 3.54%, 2.57% and 2.37% from the four different magnetic fields in the same magnetic order. The results indicate that the fly population form the quintuple magnetic field showed the higher selective disadvantage frequency, 2.37%. 7.The selective frequencies for the mutants carrying m gene-bearing chromosome were calculated as to be 3.31%, 5.66%, 4.20% and 3.87% for the same order of magnetic field strength. The found from this results is that the selective disadvantage frequency for the mutant rearing ym gene chromosome in the ambient magnetic field was stronger than any one of the other, being 3.31%, however the opposite value was resulted from the without magnetic field 5.66%. 8.Through Duncan's multiple range test and LSD value, the highly significant differences between the wild type and any one of the other three mutants were calculated. 9.As the conclusion obtainable from this experiments, the results indicated that such sexual selection was strong enough to eliminate the less "fit" flies bred under the magnetic field impact in a remarkably short span of time, even for the period of tenth generation is not long enough.

한국 초파리집단의 선택불리에 관한 지구 자기장의 5배인 자기장의 영향

박은규,정승문,김중현,최오목 圓光大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.29 No.2

본 연구에서는 한국 선유도의 자연집단 야생형 초파리와 가시돌연변이형 황색체-소시 초파리를 Helmholtz coils 장치를 이용해서 유도한 지구 자기장의 5배인 자기장내의 집단과 비교 집단인 지구 자기장내의 집단에서 발생율 변동과 성적 선택빈도를 조사하여, 선택불리에 관한 유전적 행동을 관찰해서 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.야생형 유전자(+)를 운반하는 염색체의 선택빈도는 15세대까지 평균 빈도가 지구 자기장의 5배인 자기장내의 초파리 집단, 지구 자기장내의 초파리 집단이 각각 0.6489, 0.6553으로 관찰되었다. 이 결과는 지구 자기장의 5배인 초파리 집단에서 더 강한 선택불리 행동을 보여 주었다. 2.초파리 집단의 발생율 변동은 지구 자기장의 5배인 자기장내의 초파리 집단 3세대(13.60%), 지구 자기장내의 초파리 집단 6세대(22.35%), 8세대(22.30%)에서 아주 낮은 발생율의 변동을 보여주었으며, 2개의 상이한 자기장내 초파리 집단의 전체 평균 발생율은 지구 자기장의 5배인 자기장내의 초파리 집단, 지구 자기장내의 초파리 집단에서 각각 58.07%, 41.93%로 관찰되었으며, 후자보다 전자에서 발생율이 증가함을 보여 주었다. 3.돌연변이형 황색체-소시 유전자(ym)를 운반한 염색체의 선택빈도는 각각의 자기장내의 초파리 집단에서 0.0542, 0.0646으로 관찰되었다. 이 결과는 지구 자기장의 5배인 자기장내의 초파리 집단에서 0.0542로 상대적으로 강하게 선택불리 행동을 보여 주었다. 4.돌연변이형 황색체 유전자(y)를 운반한 염색체의 선택빈도는 각각의 초파리 집단에서 0.0185, 0.0144로 관찰되었다. 이 결과는 비교 집단인 지구 자기장내의 초파리 집단에서 0.0144로 더 강한 선택불리 행동을 보여 주었다. 5.돌연변이형 소시 유전자(m)을 운반한 염색체의 선택빈도는 각각의 조절된 자기장내의 초파리 집단에서 0.0328, 0.0190으로 관찰되었다. 이 결과도 지구 자기장내의 초파리 집단에서 0.0190으로 상대적인 강한 선택불리 행동을 보여 주었다. 6.수컷이 가지고 있는 Y-염색체의 선택빈도는 각각의 초파리 집단에서 0.2457, 0.2467로 관찰되었다. 이 결과는 지구 자기장의 5배인 초파리 집단에서 0.2457로 더 높은 선택불리 행동을 보여 주었다. 7.Duncan's multiple range test의 LSD값으로 유의 차이 유무 검정을 하였던 바 야생형 유전자의 A 그룹과 돌연변이형 유전자들의 B 그룹사이에서 고도의 유의 차이가 있음이 밝혀졌다. To elucidate the genetic behavior of selective disadvantage among visible mutants of Drosophila melanogaster bred and kept by the genetic study laboratory room. Wonkwang University and the wild type collected at Sunyoudo island in Korea, and reared under the influence of two different strength of magnetic fields, i.e. the quintuple and the ambient magnetic field, this study was carried out at the above indicated laboratory room. 1.The mean selective frequencies of wild gene(+)-carry chromosome up to 15th generation, affected by two different magnetic fields, showed 0.6489 and 0.6553 with the magnetic field strength as mentioned order before. The data explains that the population of Drosophila melanogaster reared in the quintuple magnetic field showed higher selective disadvantage. 2.The variations of emergence rates of the populations of Drosophila melanogaster altering by generation showed the drastic lowest values at the specified generation, for example, 13.60% under the quintuple magnetic field at the third generation and 22.35% and 22.30% under the ambient magnetic field at the 6th and 8th generation. The over-all mean emergence rates of the populations of Drosophila melanogaster reared in controlled magnetic fields, i.e. the quintuple and the ambient magnetic fields using Helmholtz coils, showed 58.07% and 41.93% respectively. Referring to these data, the population of flies raised in the quintuple magnetic field showed a relatively higher emergence rate than the ambient magnetic field. 3.The mean selective frequencies of the individual of ym gene-bearing chromosomes showed 0.0542 and 0.0646 by the same order of magnetic field strength indicated above. It was shown that the population of flies reared in the quintuple strength generated by Helmholtz coils cleared the relatively strong selective disadvantage being 0.0542. 4.The mean selective frequencies of the mutant that carries y gene-bearing chromosome showed 0.0185 and 0.0144 from the two different magnetic fields in the same magnetic order. The results indicated that the population of flies from the ambient magnetic field showed higher selective disadvantage frequency, 0.0144. 5.The mean selective frequencies for the mutant carrying m gene-bearing chromosome were calculated as to be 0.0328 and 0.0190 for the same order of magnetic field strength. The found from this results is that the selective disadvantage behavior for the mutant rearing m gene chromosome in the ambient magnetic field was stronger than the one, being 0.0190. 6.The mean selective frequencies of the male flies which carries Y-chromosome showed 0.2457 and 0.2467 respectively. The results indicated that the male flies from the quintuple magnetic field showed higher selective disadvantage being 0.2457. 7.Through Duncan's multiple range test and LSD value, the highly significant differences between A group of the wild type and B group of the other three mutants were calculated.