An Analysis of the Visual Design Elements of Preschool Children’s Book Cover

Elkholy, Sofia Abdel Moneim Ab(소피아 엘콜리),Kwak, Dae Young(곽대영) 한국디자인문화학회 2016 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.22 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 아동도서 표지 디자인의 중요성과 2013년 이집트 카이로 국제 도서전에서 최고의 아동 도서 작가상을 수상한 작가이자 일러스트레이터인 왈리드 타헤르의 미취학 아동들을 위해 펴낸 4권의 베스트셀러를 면밀히 분석함으로써 책 표지 디자인이 아이들에게 미치는 교육적 성공을 강조하고자 한다. 본 연구는 화가 존 토마스 스미스가 제시한 ‘3분할 법칙’에 의거하여 타이포그래피, 일러스트레이션, 컬러, 페이지 레이아웃과 같은 4가지 디자인 요소들에 집중함으로써, 이 요소들이 표지에 어떻게 표현되고 조화롭게 어우러져 매력적인 표지를 만들어내는지 또한, 이러한 표지 디자인이 어린 독자들에게 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 연구한다. 본 연구는 왈리드 타헤르의 동화책이 교육적이라는 것을 보여준다. 그의 책은 아이들에게 긍정적 가치를 전달하고, 사회적, 육체적, 교육적인 가치를 가르친다. 왈리드 타헤르는 단순한 글자와 화려한 색감을 섞어 아이들의 시각적 감각을 기를 수 있도록 페이지 레이아웃을 창작한다. 따라서 이 연구는 아이들이 친숙하면서 다채로운 색감의 삽화표지에 이끌린다는 것을 증명하고 그러한 표지가 아이들의 시각적 사고, 읽기를 강화 시킨다는 것을 분석한다. 효과적인 제목, 강렬한 그래픽, 흥미로운 색감은 모두 매력적인 책의 요소이다. 부모는 미취학 아동들의 동화책을 선택할 때 반드시 함께 해야 한다. 마지막으로 표지 디자이너는 어린 아이들의 읽기 습관을 위해 아이들의 관심을 도출하고, 그들의 호기심과 상상력을 자극할 수 있는 책 표지를 디자인하길 바란다. The objective of this study is to highlight the importance of children’s book cover designs, and their impact on their educational success through a close analysis of four bestseller books for preschool children in Egypt by the Arabic author and illustrator “Walid Taher”, winner of the award for best children’s book during the Cairo International Book Fair in 2013. Based on four design elements such as the typography, the illustration, the color, and the page layout, as per the “Rule of Thirds” by the painter John Thomas Smith which is used as a guideline, this study figures out how these elements are expressed and coordinated together to create an attractive cover and how cover art functions influence children. This study indicates that “Walid Taher” books are educational books; they teach a child many positive values, social, physical and educational values. “Walid Taher” combined simple text, vibrant colors and striking illustrations together to create a good page layout that enhances the visual sense of a child. Therefore, this study emphasizes that children gravitate toward covers that are represented with colorful illustrations that they are familiar with as well as strengthen their visual thinking and reading. An effective title, striking graphics, and interesting colors all contribute to an attractive cover book. Parents must involve their preschool children in choosing their books. Finally, I hope that designers should design book covers for children that grab their attention, entertain them, arouse their curiosity, and stimulate their imagination to encourage early reading.

Evaluation of a novel commercial quaternary ammonium compound for eradication of Mycobacteria, HCV and HBV in Egypt

Yasmine Samy Elkholy,Asmaa Sayed Hegab,Dalia Kadry Ismail,Reem Mostafa Hassan 한국미생물학회 2016 The journal of microbiology Vol.54 No.1

Endoscopes are a common source of outbreaks of healthcare- associated infections. It is therefore important to identify high-level disinfectants capable of eliminating or killing all vegetative bacteria, mycobacteria, and viruses. Aldehydebased disinfectants are most commonly used in clinical practice but resistance has recently been detected and side effects associated with these disinfectants are well documented. In this study, we evaluated Virusolve+® EDS, a novel quaternary ammonium compound formulation supplied by Amity international, against Mycobacterium bovis (ATCC-27289), hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive serum and hepatitis B surface antigen-positive serum. We also compared its efficacy against Cidex® (glutaraldehyde 2%), an aldehyde-based disinfectant. M. bovis showed no growth after 10 weeks with either Virusolve+® or Cidex®. Virusolve+® achieved a 104- fold reduction in the initial 106 HCV load under clean conditions (without red blood cells) for 20 min, whereas Cidex® achieved this reduction under clean and dirty conditions (without and with red blood cells, respectively) after both 10 and 20 min. Both Virusolve+® and Cidex® were able to eradicate hepatitis B virus (HBV) infectivity under clean conditions after 10 and 20 min, whereas under dirty conditions they were only able to eradicate virus infectivity after 20 min. Virusolve+® EDS when compared with Cidex® showed equal mycobactericidal activity completely eradicating M. bovis. However, both showed comparable virucidal activity against HBV, which was more effective under clean conditions, emphasizing the importance of the cleaning step in endoscope reprocessing. Cidex® was more effective at eradicating HCV under dirty conditions after a short contact time.

Laser scribed graphene/polymer composites: A possible verification of carbon nano-coil inductors

Barnes Benjamin,Elkholy Ibrahim,Bane Nathan,Derickson Justin,Das Kausik S. 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.40 No.-

There is great interest in so-called nano-electronic devices due to the furious rate of device miniaturization. Fabrica-tion of micro and nano scale resistors and capacitors have already been achieved steadily, but so far, there has been little development in the way of nano-scale coil inductors. This is because of the physical limitations in miniaturiza-tion of the design of a solenoid with wires coiled around a metallic core. So, while transistors get steadily smaller, basic inductors in electronics remained relatively bulky. Few methods exist for creating conductive polymer coils and graphene-based kinetic nano-inductors, but their large-scale fabrication process is complex and mostly beyond the current commercial technology available. So, a simpler, scalable, and robust fabrication technique is needed to overcome this bottleneck. In this work we demonstrate a new technique consisting of the laser lithography using a laser engraver of a (poly)vinyl alcohol (PVA)/graphene oxide film composite which results in a large inductive effect. We attribute this behavior to the formation of high curvature twisted screw dislocation type conductive pathways composed of polyacetylene chains linked by pi-pi interactions to reduced graphene oxide flakes resulting in inductive effect.

Effect of Shape Parameters on Failure of Earthen Embankment Due to Overtopping

Rawya M. Kansoh,Mohamed Elkholy,Ghada Abo-Zaid 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.24 No.5

Selection of the appropriate mixtures of earthen embankments plays an important role in reducing the chances of failure of such crucial structures by either overtopping, internal erosion, or seepage, etc. Recent studies show that 34% of failures cases are due to overtopping which pose a major flood risk to the people and properties in the inundation areas. In this study, the failure of compacted homogeneous non-cohesive earthen embankment due to overtopping has been experimentally investigated. Effects of different shape parameters including the embankment downstream slope, the crest width and the height of the embankment on the erosion process are tested. Evolution of the breach shape is tracked using a high-definition camera. Time of failure of the embankments is evaluated for different downstream slopes, crest width and embankment heights. The results show that the downstream slopes have a major effect in changing the failure modes of the embankment. For small downstream slope of 5:1 (V: H), and 10:1, the erosion of the downstream slope takes place along a pivot point located above the bed of the embankment where the base length of the embankment increases by time. However, for higher values, the pivot point is located on the base of the embankment and the base length of the embankment decreases by time till it reaches equilibrium. Also, using different mixtures of gravel/sand materials affect the time of failure.

The Antimicrobial Behavior of Polyelectrolyte Chitosan-Styrene Maleic Anhydride Nano Composites

Eman A. Ali,Mohamed Eweis,Said Elkholy,Mohamed N. Ismail,Maher Elsabee 한국고분자학회 2018 Macromolecular Research Vol.26 No.5

A new antimicrobial polyelectrolyte polymer was prepared based on chitosan and alternating styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymer. The SMA was subjected to alkaline hydrolysis, followed by blending with chitosan and chitosan in the nano form which has been prepared by self-assembly technique with particle size 46±0.08 nm. The composition was investigated and characterized by spectral and, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. The nano polyelectrolyte complexes and composite were screened for their antimicrobial behavior and showed excellent antifungal as well as antibacterial efficacy against four bacterial and fungal strains. The hydrolyzed styrene maleic anhydride-nano-chitosan exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than the hydrolyzed styrene maleic anhydride-chitosan.

Metformin Addition to Chemotherapy in Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: an Open Label Randomized Controlled Study

Sayed, Rana,Saad, Amr S,El Wakeel, Lamia,Elkholy, Engi,Badary, Osama Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.15

Purpose: To evaluate effects of metformin on clinical outcome of non-diabetic patients with stage IV NSCLC. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized, open-label, controlled pilot study was conducted on patients with stage IV NSCLC with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) of 0-2, excluding patients with diabetes and lactic acidosis. Thirty chemo-$na\ddot{i}ve$, non-diabetic patients with stage IV NSCLC were enrolled. Fifteen patients received intravenous gemcitabine/cisplatin regimen alone (arm B) while fifteen patients received the same regimen plus daily oral metformin 500mg (arm A). The effect of metformin on chemotherapy-response rates, survival, and adverse events in these patients was evaluated. Results: Objective response rate (ORR) and median overall survival (OS) in arms A and B were 46.7% versus 13.3% respectively, p=0.109 and 12 months versus 6.5 months, respectively, p=0.119. Median progression free survival (PFS) in arms A and B was 5.5 months versus 5 months, p=0.062. No significant increase in toxicity was observed in arm A versus arm B. Percentage of patients who experienced nausea was significantly lower in arm A versus arm B, at 26.7% versus 66.7% respectively, p=0.028. Conclusions: Metformin administration reduced occurrence of chemotherapy induced-nausea. Non-statistically significant improvements in the ORR or OS were observed. Metformin had no effect on PFS.