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중환자실에서 기계적 환기를 시행받는 환자들의 기관내삽관 튜브의 기낭내압
이영주,윤장운,문봉기,이규완,박미미,이영석 아주대학교 1997 아주의학 Vol.2 No.2
Background and Objectives : High volume, low pressure (HVLP) cuffed tubes have been substituted for low volume, high pressure (LVHP) cuffed tubes in order to reduce complications created by the cuffed endotracheal tubes contact with the tracheal wall. Several physidans, however, prefer to use the LVHP cuff for habitual or economic reasons. Even so, careless cuff Inflation of the HVLP cuff could also induce complications. The purposes of this study were to see whether there are any differences between the usual intracuff pressure (UICP) and the Optimum intracuff pressure (OICP), to compare the OICP of three groups, and to study the correlation between the OICP and the peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) of three kinds of endotracheal tubes under mechanical Ventilation. Methods : 82 adult patients, upon admission of the ICU, were divided into 3 groups with different cuffed tube types according to the following: Portex Profile group (n=66), HVLP cuffed tube; Portex Regular group (n=11), LVHP cuffed tube; Rusch Red group (n=5), LVHP cuffed tube. We used the Portex cuff pressure manometer for Portex Profile group, the Hewlett-Packard pressure transducer for Portex Regular, and Rusch Red group to measure the intracuff pressure (ICP). The OICP was measured with the minimal leak technique (MLT). Intracuff pressure difference (ICPD) was calculated by subtracting OICP from UICP. Results : UICP and OICP of Portex Profile group were 33.12±22.25 ㎝H₂O, 22.02±12.5㎝H₂O, Portex Regular group, 70.09±30.88 ㎝H₂O, 69.45±30.41 ㎝H₂O and Rusch Red group, 378.40±38.60 ㎝H₂O, 337.60±74.45 ㎝H₂O. Significant difference was shown among the groups (p < 0.05). The significant difference of the PIP was not seen among the groups. Significant correlation between OICP and PIP (regression = 0.463, p < 0.01) was demonstrated only in Portex Profile group. ICPD of three groups were as high as 84 ㎝H₂O to as low as -56 ㎝H₂O. About 40% of the patients showed the allowable range. Conclusions : This study suggests that routine check-ups of ICP are needed when the patients are admitted to the ICU. The OICP of the HVLP cuffed tube is 1/3 -1/15 of the LVHP cuffed tube. Therefore, the routine use of the HVLP tube is highiy recommended. The OICP shows positive correlation with the PIP. This suggests to make every effort to reduce the PIP.
60稅 以上 老人의 日常生活關聯 運動機能의 評價 : 운동을 장기간 동안 습관화하는 노인을 중심으로 하여
이미숙,박기현,김연자 韓國體育大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.22 No.-
The purpose of present study was to investigate characteristics of functional fitness reflecting daily living in Korean active elderly. Eighty nine older people in habitually playing Badminton (age range 60 to 82 years) and physically active volunteered for this study. The functional fitness items represent body composition (ponderal index), cardiovascular endurance (800 m walk), flexibility (sit and reach), muscular strength/endurance (arm curl), coordination (soda pop), and dynamic balance/agility (agility course). To ensure measurement consistency, the same tester conducted the same measurements. The testing apparatuses were calibrated prior to all testing sessions. The results of physical characteristics and functional fitness test are expressed as mean values standard deviations. Each 6 functional fitness tasks representing activity of daily living had to demonstrate a significant correlation with age in our preliminary analyses. In order to reduce the 6 items to a single score, the correlation matrix for the 6 items was subjected to principal component analysis. The main idea of this analysis is to reduce the dimensionality of a data set, which consists of a large number of interrelated variables, while retaining as much as possible the variation present in the data set. The first principal component was used as the best single descriptor of total daily living-related physical fitness tasks. The first principal component scores were computed for each subject. In summary, data for this was considered useful in assessing functional fitness of daily living in the elderly people.
중학교 과학 영역에서 성별에 따른 소집단 구성방법의 협동학습에 대한 효과
이윤미 이화여자대학교 교육대학원 2003 이화교육논총 Vol.13 No.-
This study investigated the effect of gender grouping on cooperative learning in the aspects of student's achievement and science-learning attitude. Homogeneous and heterogeneous gender groupings were applied to the treatment groups for the learning stratigies of earth science. Traditional instruction was performed for the control group. Three classes at a middle school were assigned to the groups. Before the treatment instruction, the questionnaire for science-learning attitude was administered to 144 students, and their scores were utilized as covariate. Then, the same questionnaire was done with a test for science achievement designed in this study. The changes of both the achievement and the attitude among three groups were analyzed statistically. Significant differences were not shown in the science achievement and in the gender difference of perceptions about science. There were significant changes between the homogeneous and heterogeneous gender grouping in the attitude toward science instruction of the total students. Here the cooperative learning group, regardless of the grouping, tends to exhibit more positive perception of learning environment than the control group, and particularly in female students.
이상호,이미라,우종윤 大韓小兒齒科學會 1990 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.17 No.2
Temporamandibular disorders have symptoms such as pain, muscular tenderness, clicking noise in the TMJ and restriction of mandibular movement. The diversity of problems and causes of pain among patients is so great that there is no particular method of treatment which can be applied without differentiation to a large group of patient. Temporamandibular disorder in children and adolescents have been studied since the beginning of the 1970s. A report of child who had been treated with occlusal splint due to TMJ disorder was presented.