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李奎燦 空軍士官學校 1982 論文集 Vol.14 No.-
Satellites can be used for communication, weather forecasting, education, and remote sensing of the resources of Earth. The emergence of this new type of human activity has brought about an urgent pressure for the introduction of a new branch of law. The purpose of this article is to consider the legal aspects of the utilization of satellites and to support the conclusion of the international conventions. Theses legal issues will be treated here under the following headings : (1) Questions relating to the use of Frequency Spectrum and of Geostationary Orbit; (2) Questions relating to Broadcasting Satellites; (3) Questions relating to Earth Exploration Satellites; (4) Questions relating to meteorological Satellites; and (5) Questions relating to navigation Satellites. The use of satellites for direct broadcasts, earth exploration, weather prediction control and navigation control may speed up immesurably the progress of education and cultural exchanges and lead to social and economic development of the entire world community. The successful utilization of satellites is to a large extent dependent on the degree and measure of cooperation between the members of the international community. Such a cooperation should be conducted on a basis of equality and mutual respect for the interest of all nations. The conclusion of special agreement is indeed an effective means of cooperation, provided that the concerned agreements are concluded on the basis of cooperation, provided that the concerned agreements are concluded on the basis of equality and do not establish a monopoly for one or a number of states conducting space activities. For, any kind of monopoly or special privileges for one or a number of states in outer space deprives other states of their rights to explore and use outer space on a basis of equality and without any discrimination.
Cecal microbiome divergence of broiler chickens by sex and body weight
이규찬,길동용,설우준 한국미생물학회 2017 The journal of microbiology Vol.55 No.12
The divergence of gut bacterial community on broiler chickens has been reported as potentially possible keys to enhancing nutrient absorption, immune systems, and increasing poultry health and performance. Thus, we compared cecal bacterial communities and functional predictions by sex and body weight regarding the association between cecal microbiota and chicken growth performance. In this study, a total of 12 male and 12 female 1-day-old broiler chickens were raised for 35 days in 2 separate cages. Chickens were divided into 3 subgroups depending on body weight (low, medium, and high) by each sex. We compared chicken cecal microbiota compositions and its predictive functions by sex and body weight difference. We found that bacterial 16S rRNA genes were classified as 3 major phyla (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria), accounting for > 98% of the total bacterial community. The profiling of different bacterial taxa and predictive metagenome functions derived from 16S rRNA genes were performed over chicken sex and bodyweight. Male chickens were related to the enrichment of Bacteroides while female chickens were to the enrichment of Clostridium and Shigella. Male chickens with high body weight were associated with the enrichment of Faecalibacterium and Shuttleworthia. Carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms were suggested as candidate functions for weight gain in the males. This suggests that the variation of cecal bacterial communities and their functions by sex and body weight may be associated with the differences in the growth potentials of broiler chickens.
USEFULNESS OF SIMPLE SHIELDING TECHNIQUE USING MULTILEAF COLLIMATOR IN BREAST RADIATION THERAPY
이규찬,이석호,이성현,성기훈,안소현,최진호,동갑상,김효진,전용선,박흥규 대한방사선방어학회 2014 방사선방어학회지 Vol.39 No.4
This study was designed to assess whether the conventional tangential technique, using a multileaf collimator(MLC), allows a reduced dose to the organs at risk (OAR) in breast radiation therapy. A total of forty right andleft 20 for each breast cancer patients that underwent radiation therapy after breast conserving surgery were includedin this study. For each patient, the planning target volume (PTV) and OAR (heart, left anterior descendingartery (LAD), liver and lung) were defined and dose distribution were produced for conventional tangential beamsusing 6 MV photons. The treatment plans were made using the following two techniques for all patients. For thefirst plan (P1), MLC was designed to shield as much of OAR as possible without compromising the coverage ofPTV. In the second plan (P2), the treatment plan was created without using MLC. Dose-volume histograms forOARs were calculated for all plans. For left breast cancer, the percentage of maximum dose (Dmax%) and meandose (Dmean%) of OARs (heart and LAD) were calculated, and for right breast cancer, the percentage of the meandose (Dmean%) of the liver was calculated. The Dmean% of the lung was calculated in all patients. The mean values of Dmax% of the heart (86.9±19.5% range, 35.1-100.6%) in P1 were significantly lower than inP2 (98.3±3.4% range, 91.7-105.2%) (p=0.001). The mean values of Dmax% of LAD (78.4±22.5% range, 26.5-99.7%) inP1 was significantly lower than in P2 (93.3±8.1% range, 67.9-102.1%) (p<0.001). In P1, the mean values ofDmean% of the liver (4.8±2.0%) were significantly lower than in P2 (6.2±2.5%) (p<0.001). The mean values ofDmean% of the lung were significantly lower in P1 (9.3±2.3%) than in P2 (9.7±2.4%) (p<0.001). P1, by using MLC,allows a significantly reduced dose to OAR compared with P2. We can suggest that it is reasonable to routinelyuse MLC in the conventional tangential technique for breast radiation therapy considering the primary tumorlocation.
다엽 콜리메이터의 임상적용을 위한 엽측간 투과선량 및 엽종단간 투과선량 연구
이규찬,최진호 한국의학물리학회 2004 의학물리 Vol.15 No.1
Multileaf collimator (MLC) is now rapidly replacing the lead ahoy block to shape the radiation treatment field. In addition to its defect of rectangular field shaping and increased penumbra width, it has another possible problem, and that is of radiation transmission between leaves, which needs to be maintained at as low a level as is permissible. The authors measured and analyzed the inter-leaf and cross-leaf transmissions of MLC by Varian Associates Inc, before its clinical application. The inter-leaf and cross-leaf transmissions were calculated by comparing the measured point doses in the polystyrene phantom in the open field and in a total closure of MLC. The beam profile of the inter-leaf and cross-leaf transmissions were depicted by using a water phantom. A photon beam of 6 MV was used in the measurement. The inter-leaf transmission was 1.63∼1.67%, indicating that the shielding effect of MLC is excellent. However, the cross-leaf transmission in the central area was 18.4∼18.7% and this is well over the clinically acceptable limitation of 5%. The beam profile of cross-leaf transmission displayed 80∼90% transmission near the field edge, so that the cross-leaf transmission was 14∼17% in this area. The multileaf collimator has an excellent shi디ding effect and the inter-leaf transmission is negligible so that it can be used in clinic as a good replacement of the conventional lead alloy block. However, care must be taken to avoid the cross-leaf transmission in the radiation field.