효과적인 공문서 바로쓰기 교육을 위한 교재 구성 방안

최홍열(Choi, Hong-Yeol),최윤(Choi, Youn) 강원대학교 인문과학연구소 2014 인문과학연구 Vol.0 No.42

공문서 작성법 교육은 교육 여건상 제약으로 인해 학습에 효과적인 교재 마련이 시급하다. 지금까지 다양한 종류의 교재가 발간되었으나 학습 효과의 측면에서 평가해 보았을 때 교재 구성에 아쉬움이 많았다. 본 논문에서는 최홍열 외(2013)와 최홍열?최윤(2014)에서 얻은 자료를 토대로 학습과 강의에 좀 더 효과적으로 활용할 수 있는 공문서 작성법 교재의 구성 방안을 알아보았다. 본 논문에서 논의한 것과 같이 오류 빈도와 중요도를 바탕으로 교재를 구성하고 기존에 발간된 교재를 참고하고 개선한다면 더욱 효과적인 교재를 개발할 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 이후 연구 사업을 통해 마련될 자료를 바탕으로 소통성 평가에 따른 세부 항목을 추가하여 교재를 구성한다면 더욱 효과적인 교재 구성 방안을 마련할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. Due to a range of constraints, there is an acute shortage of effective teaching materials associated with a method of writing official documents. In fact, a variety of teaching materials have been published for many years. However, none of them has led to noticeable education effect because of their structures. Based on data collected from prior research (Choi et al., 2013; Choi, H.Y. & Choi, Y., 2014), the current study discusses a way to create a teaching material that can be utilized effectively for lectures and other learning environments. As discussed in this study, it is important to take into consideration the frequency and significance of errors and improve previously published textbooks in order to develop a more effective teaching material. Moreover, if the communicative competence of official documents is assessed in further research projects and resulting details are included appropriately, it will be possible to design an influential teaching material.

대용량 태양광전원이 연계된 배전계통의 전압안정화를 위한 소수력발전기의 최적전압제어 알고리즘

최홍열(Hong-Yeol Choi),최성식(Sung-Sik Choi),강민관(Min-Kwan Kang),노대석(Dae-Seok Rho) 대한전기학회 2018 전기학회논문지 Vol.67 No.7

According to the government’s policy to demonstrate and expand the renewable energy sources, distributed generators such as PV and WP are installed and operated in distribution systems. However, there are many issues related to power quality problems including over voltage and under voltage of customers. In order to overcome these problems, the electric power company have installed a step voltage regulator (SVR) in primary feeders interconnected with distributed generators, and also have established the technical guidelines for the distributed generators to stabilize the customer voltages in distribution systems. However, it is difficult to maintain the customer voltages within allowable limit. Therefore, this paper reviews the problems of voltage control by SVR in a distribution systems interconnected with a large amount of PV systems, and proposes characteristics of operating range and voltage control limit of the small hydropower generators. Also, with the estimation of the influence to the power system voltages from the voltage control mode of generators, this paper proposes the optimal voltage control algorithm of the small hydropower generators. By programming the proposed algorithm into control simulator of exciter, it is confirmed that the proposed algorithm can contribute the voltage stabilization in distribution systems interconnected with large scaled PV systems.

‘不-’ 否定接頭辭의 結合構造에 의한 意味考察

최홍열(Choi Hong-Yeol) 강원대학교 인문과학연구소 2009 인문과학연구 Vol.0 No.22

본 연구는 ‘不-’否定接頭辭가 붙어서 형성된 단어들을 형태 분석하고, 의미론적으로 부정의 의미를 가지고 있지를 살펴보는데 그 목적이 있다. 부정접사 ‘不-’이 형태적으로 語基(語幹)와 결합하여 이루어진 어휘는 否定接辭가 없는 語基와 부정어로서만 존재하는지를 형태구조적인 측면에서 분류해보고, 의미론적으로 부정접사 ‘不-’을 가지고 있는 어휘와 否定接辭가 없는 어휘(單音節을 포함)와의 대립관계를 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 전제는 ‘不-否定接辭’가 붙어서 형성된 2음절어, 3음절어, 4음절어가 ‘不-’이 없는 어휘와 형태상으로 보다는 意味論的으로 대립어로서의 機能과 役割을 하는가 하는데 있었다. ‘不-’否定接辭와 결합된 語彙는 2음절어와 3음절어로 된 것이 많으며, 4음절어도 다른 부정접두사가 붙는 부정어들보다 많은 어휘를 찾을 수 있었다. 2音節語는 [不+○]의 형태구조, 유표항으로 나타나는 2음절어가 3음절어의 축약형인 형태구조, ‘不-’否定接辭가 붙은 否定語로 無標項의 否定語가 아닌 肯定의 짝이 존재하는 형태구조, 무표항이 없이 반의의 구조를 가지고 있는 형태구조의 네 가지의 경우가 있었다. 3音節語는 ‘不可能/可能’처럼 反意構造를 가진 경우, [[不可]近]의 형태구조, 무표항과 유표항의 대립처럼 보이지만 실제의미에 있어서는 전혀 다른 경우 등으로 나눌 수 있다. 4音節語는 [[不+○]○○]의 구조, [[不+○]+[不+○]]의 구조, [[不+○○]○]의 구조, [[不+○]之○]의 구조, ‘不-’이 否定接辭로 사용되지 않은 어휘의 경우로 나눌 수 있다. 意味論的으로 살펴본 결과 ‘不-’ 否定接辭가 붙은 語彙들은 모두 否定語가 되는 것이 아니라는 사실을 확인했고, ‘不-’이 결합되었다 하더라도 否定語가 아닌 어휘가 많음을 볼 수가 있었다. The purpose of this study is to analyze words which are formed with a negative affix ‘不-’ morphologically and to examine whether they have the meaning of negation in them semantically. In the words that consist of a stem and a negative affix, they are classified depending on whether their stems and negatives exist independently and researched to consider oppositeness between words with ‘不-’, negative affixes and ones without them, which contain one syllable word. The research question is whether two, three, and four syllable words formed by adding ‘不-’ can function and play a role of the opposites of words without ‘不-’semantically rather than morphologically. Words combined with ‘不-’ have a tendency of consisting of mostly two syllable words or three syllable words and four syllable words with ‘不-’ can be also easily found more than negatives with the other negative affixes. Two syllable words have four cases of morphological structures as follows; 1) morphological structure of [不+O]; 2) morphological structure of contraction form of three syllable words which appear as marked clause, 3) morphological structure which has positive pairs of themselves not as the negative of unmarked clause but as the negative added with ‘不-’, and 4) morphological structure which has the structure of antonym without unmarked clause. In the case of having the structure of contrast meaning such as ‘不可能/可能’ (impossible/possible), although three syllable words appear to be contrastive between unmarked clause and marked one, they can be divided into totally difablent cases in the real meaning. Four syllable words can be divided into the structure of [[不+O]+O O]], the structure of[[不+O]+[不+O]], the structure of [[不+O O]+O], the structure of [[不+O O]O], the structure of [[不+O] 之+O] and the structure in which ‘不’ isn't used as a negative affix. The consequence acquired by studying semantically indicates that not all words with ‘不-’ become negative words. Thus, it is obvious that there exist lots of words which do not mean negative connotations, although the words are combined with ‘不-’.

몽골 울란바타르시 상수도시설과 연계한 신재생에너지 개발방안 고찰

최홍열(Hong-Yeol Choi),김영국(Yung-Kuk Kim),강동형(Dong-Hyung Kang),김종겸(Jong-Gyeum Kim) 대한전기학회 2011 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.7

형질전환 벼 현탁세포 배양에서 투과성 증진을 통한 hCTLA4Ig의 생산성 증대

최홍열(Hong-Yeol Choi),전수환(Su-Hwan Cheon),권준영(Jun-Young Kwon),임정애( Jung-Ae Lim),박혜림(Hye-Rim Park),김동일(Dong-Il Kim) 한국생물공학회 2016 KSBB Journal Vol.31 No.4

In this system, rice cells were genetically modified to express human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4-immunoglobulin (hCTLA4Ig) using RAmy3D promoter induced by sugar depletion. Even though the target protein fused with signal sequence peptide, plant cell wall can be a barrier against secretion of recombinant proteins. Therefore, hCTLA4Ig can be trapped inside cell wall or remained in intracellular space. In this study, to enhance the secretion of hCTLA4Ig from cytoplasm and cell walls into the medium, permeabilizing agents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Triton X-100 and Tween 20, were applied in transgenic rice cell cultures. When 0.5% (v/v) of DMSO was added in sugar-free medium, intracellullar hCTLA4Ig was increased, on the other hand, the secreted extracellular hCTLA4Ig was lower than that of control. DMSO did not give permeable effects on transgenic rice cell cultures. And Triton X-100 was toxic to rice cells and also did not give enhancing permeability of cells. When 0.05% (v/v) Tween 20 was added in rice cell cultures, however, intracellular hCTLA-4Ig was lower than that of control cultures. And the maximum 44.76 mg/L hCTLA4Ig was produced for 10 days after induction, which was 1.4-fold increase compared to that of control cultures. Especially, Tween 20 at 0.05% (v/v) showed the positive effect on the secretion of hCTLA4Ig though the decrease of intracellular hCTLA4Ig. Also, Tween 20 as a non-toxic surfactant did not affect the cell growth, cell viability and protease activity. In conclusion, secretion of hCTLA4Ig could be increased by enhancing permeability of cells regardless of the cell growth, cell viability and protease activity.

형질전환 벼 현탁세포 배양에서 혼합효율과 조정배지가 hCTLA4Ig 생산에 미치는 영향

최홍열(Hong-Yeol Choi),박준용(Jun-Yong Park),남형진(Hyung-Jin Nam),공미경(Mi-Kyung Gong),유예리(Ye-Ri Yoo),김동일(Dong-Il Kim) 한국생물공학회 2015 KSBB Journal Vol.30 No.6

Transgenic rice cells using RAmy3D promoter can provide high productivity, and the production of recombinant protein is induced by sugar starvation. In this system, productivity was reduced during the scale-up processes. To ensure the influences of shear stress and oxygen transfer rate, working volume and mixing performances were investigated under various agitation speeds and working volumes. In addition, inoculation methods including suspended cells and filtered cells were compared. Working volumes and shaking speeds were 300, 450 mL and 80, 120 rpm, respectively. Hydrodynamic environment of each condition was measured numerically like mixing time and kLa. Good mixing performance and high shear stress were measured at high agitation speed and low volume. The highest level of hCTLA4Ig was 30.7 mg/L at 120 rpm, 300 mL. When conditioned medium was used for inoculation, increased cell growth was noticed during the day 0~4 and decreased slower than filtered cells. Compared with filtered cells, the maximum hCTLA4Ig level reached 37.8 mg/L at 120 rpm, 300 mL and lower protease activity level was observed. In conclusion mixing performance is critical factor for productivity and conditioned medium can have a positive effect on damaged cells caused by hydrodynamic shear stress.

연계계통의 역률제한에 따른 소수력발전소 발전기의 전압안정화 방안

최홍열(Hong-Yeol Choi),신명기(Myeong-Ki Shin),권순환(Soon-Hwan Kwan),김병목(Byung-Mok Kim),이문석(Mun-Seok Lee),노대석(Dae-Seok Rho) 대한전기학회 2016 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.11

배전계통의 전압안정화를 위한 소수력발전기의 최적전압제어방안에 관한 연구

최홍열(Hong-Yeol Choi),이후동(Hu-Dong Lee),윤형익(Hyoung-Ik Yoon),노대석(Dae-Seok Rho),곽원구(Won-Gu Kawk),김희재(Hee-Jea Kim),조현식(Hyun-Sik Jo) 대한전기학회 2018 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.-

정부의 신재생에너지 확대개발정책에 따라 태양광과 같은 분산형전원이 대량으로 배전계통에 도입되어 운용됨에 따라, 배전계통의 전압상승 등 전력품질에 관련된 많은 문제점들이 발생되고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위하여, 전력회사에서는 분신형전원 배전계통연계기준을 제시하여 배전계통의 전압안정화에 노력하고 있다. 그러나 배전계통의 적정한 전압을 유지하기 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 태양광전원이 대량으로 연계된 배전계통에 연계운전 중인 소수력발전기의 역률제한에 따른 전압제어 한계점을 분석하여 발전기의 최적전압제어 알고리즘을 제안한다. 또한, 제안한 알고리즘을 구현하여, 전압제어 시뮬레이터와 설계통 적용을 통해, 소수력발전소 연계선로의 전압안정화 향상에 기여함을 확인하였다.

형질전환 벼 현탁세포 배양에서 hCTLA4Ig의 in situ 회수

최홍열(Hong-Yeol Choi),전수환(Su-Hwan Cheon),권준영(Jun-Young Kwon),윤보름(Boreum Yun),홍석미(Seok-Mi Hong),김선달(Sun-Dal Kim),김동일(Dong-Il Kim) 한국생물공학회 2016 KSBB Journal Vol.31 No.4

In this research, recombinant human cytotoxic Tlymphocyte antigen 4-immunoglobulin (hCTLA4Ig) was produced by transgenic rice cells. RAmy3D promoter was used for overcome the limitation of low expression level in transgenic plant cells, and the secretion of target protein was accomplished by signal peptide. However, the RAmy3D promoter system which can be induced only by sugar starvation causes the decrease of cell viability. As a result, cell death promotes the release of protease which degrades the target proteins. The protein stability and productivity can be significantly influenced by proteolysis activity. Therefore, development of new strategies are necessary for the in situ recovery of target proteins from cell culture media. In this study, in situ recovery was performed by various strategies. Direct addition of Protein A resin with nylon bag leads to cell death by increased shear stress and decrease in production of hCTLA4Ig by protease. Medium exchange through modified flask could recover hCTLA4Ig with high cell viability and low protease activity, on the other hand, the productivity was lower than that of control. When in situ recovery was conducted at day 7 after induction in air-lift bioreactor, 1.94-fold of hCTLA4Ig could be recovered compared to control culture without in situ recovery. Consequently, in situ recovery of hCTLA4Ig from transgenic rice cell culture could enhance productivity significantly and prevent degradation of target proteins effectively.

공문서 작성법 교육 자료 개발을 위한 행정기관 공문서 진단 및 평가

최홍열(Choi, Hong-yeol),최윤(Choi, Youn) 중앙어문학회 2014 語文論集 Vol.58 No.-

본 연구는 ‘2013년 행정기관 공공언어 진단 및 진단 자동화 도구 개발 사업’을 바탕으로 한다. 본 연구는 연구 사업의 결과를 분석하고 오류로 지적된 내용을 종합하여 실제 공문서 작성의 실태를 파악하는 데 목적이 있다. 이 연구는 효과적인 ‘공문서 바로쓰기’ 강의자료 개발의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다. 연구의 바탕이 되었던 2013년의 연구 사업에서는 진단 자동화 도구를 개발하고 이를 활용하여 그간의 연구와 비교하여 보다 많은 문서를 보다 효율적으로 평가하였다는 사실을 주목할 만하다. 모두 1,177건의 자료(총 1,390,079음절)를 분석한 결과 진단 항목별 오류의 순위는 다음과 같다.(본문 표 참조) 이 결과는 공문서 작성법 교육 교재 개발 연구에서 교육의 우선 순위를 정하는데 기초 자료로서 활용될 것이다. 이후 연구에서는 축적된 자료를 유형별로 분류하고 분석하여 효과적인 교육자료를 만들어 내는 것을 목표로 한다. 또한 이렇게 만들어진 교육 자료를 실제 강의에 도입하여 교육 효과를 확인하고 자료를 보완할 것이다. The current study is based on the research titled ‘2013 Public Language Diagnosis for Administrative Agencies and Development of Automatic Diagnosis Tool.’ The purpose of study is to analyze the outcome of research and to assess the actual condition of official document composition by collecting authentic data. The study can be used to develop effective teaching materials that inform how to write official documents correctly. It is a noticeable fact that the 2013 research project, the foundation of the current study, developed automatic diagnosis tool that made it possible to evaluate a large amount of data more efficiently, compared to previous studies. The result of analyzing a total of 1,177 documents (1,390,079 syllables) is as follows.(본문 표 참조) Its result will be used as a fundamental material to help determine the priority of education for the development of educational resources with regard to writing an official document. The further study aims to categorize accumulated data into multiple types and analyze them and finally create an effective teaching material that will be introduced to authentic learning environments. Its educational effectiveness will be closely observed and considered at the stage of data supplementation.