전북지역 서원(書院)의 현대적 활용 방안

진성수(陳晟秀) 원광대학교 원불교사상연구원 2016 원불교사상과 종교문화 Vol.70 No.-

서원은 향교와 더불어 한국 유교문화유산의 중요한 자산이다. 특히, 조선의 서원은 교육 · 역사 · 정치 · 사회 · 경제 등 당시 시대상을 그대로 투영하는 곳으로서 사료적 가치가 크다. 최근에는 한국 서원의 가치를 세계에 알리기 위해 2012년 4월 ‘한국의 서원 세계유산 등재추진단’이 발족하여 2015년 1월 소수서원을 비롯한 9개 서원을 유네스코 세계유산 등재에 신청했다. 본 연구는 한국의 서원을 21세기 문화콘텐츠 산업에 활용할 수 있는 한국 고유의 유교문화자산으로 보고, 전북지역 서원 현황과 현대적 활용방안을 검토했다. 이를 위해 서원의 역사와 기능을 살펴보고, 서원의 구조와 의미, 호남사림(湖南士林)의 특징과 전북지역 서원의 현황을 검토했다. 전북지역 서원의 현대적 활용방안 5가지는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 오감(五感) 체험프로그램을 실시하되, 1회성 축제형태는 가능한 지양한다. 둘째, 지역 서원문화박물관으로 활용하되, 교육과 해설이 있는 공간으로 만든다. 셋째, 지역사회와 연계하여 차별화된 서원문화유산브랜드를 개발 · 홍보한다. 넷째, 서원의 현대적 활용과 안정적 계승을 위해 후속세대 발굴 · 교육이 필요하다. 다섯째, 간재학(艮齋學) 중심의 서원 스토리텔링을 통해 선비체험프로그램 기획이 필요하다. Seowon (書院) together with hyanggyo (鄕校) are Korea"s important cultural heritage. Especially Chosun seowon is historically rich as they reflect contemporary education, history, politics, society, and economy. The Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), which was created in April 2012 to promote seowon , proposed nine academies to be included on UNESCO"s list of world heritage items in January 2015. This paper reviews how seowon is a unique Confucian cultural asset to Korea"s 21st century cultural contents and how Jeonbuk Region runs seowon and explores how these seowons can make most of their cultural value in this modern era. With this aim in mind, this paper reviews seowon’s history roles, structure, and implications; characteristics of Honam scholar; and Jeonbuk region’s seowon . Five applicable modern adaptations of Jeonbuk region’s seowon are as follows. First is running a program that uses five senses but refrains from holding one-time event. Second is creating a space that incorporates educational materials and explanations. Third is developing each local seowon’s brand that differentiates itself from others and promoting them. Fourth is fostering and educating younger generation for seowon’s modern adaption and stable succession. Fifth is coordinating programs that allows visitors to experience the life of a classical scholar through Gan-Jae Studies(艮齋學)-focused seowon storytelling.

서울시의 주차문제 고찰과 개선방향에 관한 연구 : 환승주차장을 중심으로

진성은,차혜영,최유진,최혜지 이화여자대학교 사회과학대학 행정학과 2000 梨花行政 Vol.- No.9

Flannery O’Connor’s Racial Grotesqueness and Metaphorical Black Codes in “The Artificial Nigger” and “Judgment Day

진성은 한국영미문학교육학회 2018 영미문학교육 Vol.22 No.2

This paper examines the American geographical descriptions of racism and a long history of racial separations in Flannery O’Connor’s “The Artificial Nigger” (1955) and “Judgment Day” (1965). O’Connor’s writing displays ambiguity between restoring the white’s lost comfort zone and acknowledging the rebellious changes in modern society. Whites lost status because in the American South African-American people and foreigners began to substitute for whites’ in professional roles in the mid-twentieth century. O’Connor’s white characters psychologically reside in the glorious world of the past. The American South has a special background due to the defeatism since the Civil War. In the paper, I argue that O’Connor’s stories show the social changes regardless of her complex views of mystery and religion. In addition, she to some degree rebels against the reader’s expectation of equilibrium by shaking the conventional Southern structure and unveiling a reality of the upcoming Civil Rights movement regarding racial equality.

Changing Identities and the Legacy of Black Fanaticism in The Confessions of Nat Turner and Two Films Entitled The Birth of a Nation

진성은 한국영어영문학회 2018 영어 영문학 Vol.64 No.3

Nat Turner’s rebellion in 1831 was considered pre Civil War South’s most dreadful nightmare due to the merciless murder of white slave owner victims. The motive of vengeance has been emphasized as that of Turner’s notorious black preacher religious fanaticism. However, the recent film, The Birth of a Nation (2016) directed by Nate Parker, utilized the identical title of a film (1915) directed by D. W. Griffith. Providing limited evidence, information about the rebellion in Thomas Gray’s pamphlet The Confessions of Nat Turner (1831), was the only accessible historical source for the factual event of the slaves’ rebellion. In addition, William Styron’s The Confessions of Turner (1967), a fictionalized biography, also examined Turner’s life in the harshness of slavery. Although these two texts deal with the personal level of Nat Turner’s rage and religious enthusiasm, both provide only fractured parts of the motive of vengeance. Strikingly, Parker’s film interrogates the ideology of “victims,” as well as the hierarchical term of “confessions,” with their different positions between whites and blacks. More specifically, Parker’s film offers discursive fields of proslavery arguments regarding biblical interpretations in addition to external visualization of slaves’ inner emotional lives. The film demonstrates how the institution of slavery allowed slaves to be exploited, beaten, raped, through interrogating the problematic image of the “contested hero” Nat Turner. In contrast to the traditional image of blacks’ bloody rebellion, the film underlines the absurdity of certain Biblical misinterpretations. It furthermore implies how the 1915 film manipulated proslavery propaganda in America. Nat Turner’s rebellion in 1831 was considered pre Civil War South’s most dreadful nightmare due to the merciless murder of white slave owner victims. The motive of vengeance has been emphasized as that of Turner’s notorious black preacher religious fanaticism. However, the recent film, The Birth of a Nation (2016) directed by Nate Parker, utilized the identical title of a film (1915) directed by D. W. Griffith. Providing limited evidence, information about the rebellion in Thomas Gray’s pamphlet The Confessions of Nat Turner (1831), was the only accessible historical source for the factual event of the slaves’ rebellion. In addition, William Styron’s The Confessions of Turner (1967), a fictionalized biography, also examined Turner’s life in the harshness of slavery. Although these two texts deal with the personal level of Nat Turner’s rage and religious enthusiasm, both provide only fractured parts of the motive of vengeance. Strikingly, Parker’s film interrogates the ideology of “victims,” as well as the hierarchical term of “confessions,” with their different positions between whites and blacks. More specifically, Parker’s film offers discursive fields of proslavery arguments regarding biblical interpretations in addition to external visualization of slaves’ inner emotional lives. The film demonstrates how the institution of slavery allowed slaves to be exploited, beaten, raped, through interrogating the problematic image of the “contested hero” Nat Turner. In contrast to the traditional image of blacks’ bloody rebellion, the film underlines the absurdity of certain Biblical misinterpretations. It furthermore implies how the 1915 film manipulated proslavery propaganda in America. Key Words: The Birth of a Nation (2016), The Confessions of Nat Turner (1967), Slavery, Contested Hero, Vengeance Notes on

War Correspondent, Journalism and Gothic Elements in Louisa May Alcott's Hospital Sketches

진성은 미래영어영문학회 2023 영어영문학 Vol.28 No.4

Louisa May Alcott's Hospital Sketches (1863) highlighted the emerging positions and roles of women during the American Civil War. Many critics have focused only on the content of the story. Nonetheless, the context of journalism and Alcott's role as correspondent in the story have not been fully understood in the criticism. Her readers were curious about the realities on the battlefield. More specifically, in Hospital Sketches, Alcott's character, Tribulation Periwinkle, wrote about her experience as Civil War nurse in her journal, in letters, in sketches printed serially in a newspaper, and then as a book. The address to many of her newspaper readers, which she titled “A Postscript” in Hospital Sketches, appeared later than her original newspaper serial. Its presence in her later book indicates the importance of the first newspaper printing. The question that her readers asked her about services for the dead was clearly an important matter. Gothic elements of image and likeness pervade this piece, and it provides precedent for her later Gothic stories in its genesis, journalistic publication, and religious context. Ultimately, her role as war correspondent and the representation of journalism in the story present a stepping stone for Alcott's future career as a writer of Gothic thrillers and for the new status of American women after the Civil War.

An ethanol extract of Lysimachia mauritiana exhibits inhibitory activity against hepatitis E virus genotype 3 replication

진성은,김정은,김선여,박방주,송윤재 한국미생물학회 2017 The journal of microbiology Vol.55 No.12

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an etiological agent of acute hepatitis E, a self-limiting disease prevalent in developing countries. HEV can cause fulminant hepatic failure with high mortality rates in pregnant women, and genotype 3 is reported to trigger chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised individuals worldwide. Screening of plant extracts for compounds with potential anti-HEV effects led to the identification of a 70% ethanol extract of Lysimachia mauritiana (LME) that interferes with replication of the swine HEV genotype 3 replicon. Furthermore, LME significantly inhibited replication of HEV genotype 3 and expression of HEV ORF2 in infected cells without exerting cytotoxic effects. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the potential utility of LME in the development of novel antiviral drugs against HEV infection.

Effects of Korean traditional herbal formula for common cold on the activities of human CYP450 isozymes

진성은,하혜경,정수진,신현규 대한한의학회 2014 대한한의학회지 Vol.35 No.2

Objectives: Most drug interactions are attributed to the inhibition or induction of the activity of cytochrome P450s (CYP450). Although the regulation of CYP450s by drugs has been widely reported, there have been few studies on influence of traditional herbal formulas on the drug-metabolizing enzymes. Because herbal formulas have been used traditionally to treat various diseases and because herb-drug interactions are crucial factors determining therapeutic efficacies, a systematic evaluation of the effects of herbal formulas is important. Methods: The effects of Galgeun-tang (GGT, gegen tang), Gumiganghwal-tang (GMGHT, jiuweiqianghuo tang), Insampaedok-san (ISPDS, renshenbaidu powder), Samsoeum (SSE, shensu drink), Socheongryong-tang (SCRT, xiaoqinglong-tang) and Sosiho-tang (SSHT, xiaochaihu tang) that are traditional herbal formulas used to treat common cold, on drug-metabolizing enzymes were evaluated through an in vitro CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C19 and CYP2E1 inhibition assay to assess its interaction potential with synthetic drugs. The inhibitory effects of herbal formulas were characterized with IC50 values. Results: These six herbal formulas inhibited the activities of CYP3A4, 2C19, 2D6 and 2E1, in a concentration- dependent manner. Among the six herbal formulas, GGT critically inhibited CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP2E1. GMGHT also inhibited CYP2D6 and CYP2E1 to a greater extent than the other CYP450 isozymes. Additionally, SSE and SSHT may change the effects of medicines that depend primarily on the CYP2C19 and CYP2E1 pathways. On the other hand, ISPDS and SCRT were not inhibited CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP2E1-mediated metabolism. Conclusions: These findings provide useful information regarding the safety and effectiveness of herbal formulas.

Normality, the Insane Asylum, and Grotesque Religiousness in Flannery O’Connor’s Fiction

진성은 한국현대영미소설학회 2015 현대영미소설 Vol.22 No.1

In Flannery O’Connor’s works, madness has been emphasized to understand the features of her grotesque Southern writing. As O’Connor seems to focus on religious aspects in her stories, many critics have also highlighted her spiritual view of the world. Nonetheless, O’Connor’s own perception of grotesqueness with regard to confinement can be seen through the history of the mental asylum in her town. Milledgeville hosted arguably the largest asylum in the world from 1842 until 2010. In the peak time of her writing career, around the mid-twentieth century, the mental hospital housed more than 12,000 patients in the institution, including various kinds of patients and even the criminally insane. I attempt to read her stories by juxtaposing real horror in the town and O’Connor’s awareness of the atrocity toward the patients in her neighborhood. Particularly, in Wise Blood (1952), the protagonist, Hazel Motes suffers from PTSD after returning from the war. Due to his deviance, he must be confined in the Milledgeville asylum, but in the novel, he is not. The definition of ordinariness in society, through O’Connor’s depiction of the protagonist, seems to be arbitrary. Historical facts surrounding O’Connor’s region reveal that the possibility of taking ordinary people from the street to the asylum existed to reinforce the power of the hospital. It acquired personal, familial, and political purpose. Herein, I suggest that O’Connor criticizes the social system for treating the insane irrationally, and that the community itself was lunatic.

王夫之의 錯綜ㆍ變易論 硏究

진성수(陳晟秀) 한국양명학회 2007 陽明學 Vol.0 No.19

본 논문은 張載의 氣論을 계승하여 氣一元論을 확립한 왕부지 易學思想의 特徵을 규명하기 위해 그의 錯綜ㆍ變易論에 대해 검토하고, 그 思想史的 意義를 살펴보기 위한 것이다. 『주역』을 연구하는 것은 왕부지에게 있어서 程朱學의 이론적 근거를 비판적으로 재구성하는 것을 의미했다. 한편 왕부지는 張載의 철학이 『주역』을 중심으로 전개된 것이며, 『주역』은 天人의 원리를 모두 포괄하고 있는 聖人의 典籍으로 이해했다. 이처럼 왕부지의 張載에 대한 계승은 氣論的 易學의 계승을 의미하는 것이었다. 왕부지의 氣一元論的 易學思想의 특징에 대해 錯綜ㆍ變易을 중심으로 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 왕부지의 錯綜說은 無始無終한 乾坤竝建의 陰陽二氣에 기초한 62卦의 자기전개과정이며, 구체적인 실천원리이다. 卦變說을 부정하고 있는 왕부지는 陰陽이 無心히 서로 바탕을 이루며 발전하여 우주만물을 생성하고 있기 때문에 인간의 사사로운 뜻으로 판단하는 것은 옳지 못한 일로 간주했다. 따라서 왕부지는 錯綜說에 있어서 漢易의 영향을 받은 것은 사실이지만, 그것은 단지 64괘의 전개과정을 설명하는 錯綜의 원리만으로 사용할 뿐이었다. 바로 이 점이 왕부지의 역학사상이 갖는 종합적인 성격이다. 둘째, 왕부지는 『주역』의 64괘를 氣의 자기전개에 따라 생성된 것으로서 乾坤竝建의 이치로 보았다. 또한 이러한 건곤의 운동원리인 錯綜은 특정한 원칙이 미리 주어진 것이 아니기 때문에 인간의 사사로운 뜻으로 變易의 필연성을 설명할 수는 없다고 주장한다. 이것은 氣의 動靜에 의해 자연적으로 條理가 생기는 것이며, 天下의 이치도 氣의 動靜에 의해 생긴다는 것을 의미한다. 셋째, 왕부지는 우주본체인 氣의 운동ㆍ변화에 의해 兩儀, 四象, 8괘, 64괘, 384효가 형성되기 때문에 64卦象의 次序와 重卦의 형식을 모두 자연적인 현상으로 이해했다. 이러한 주장은 純乾과 純坤이 竝立하는 곳에 易의 道가 있으며, 이 乾坤의 錯綜과 變易의 自己展開 과정을 통해 64괘가 생성된다고 하는 乾坤竝建과 錯綜의 合一을 의미한다. 이러한 왕부지의 氣一元論的 易學觀은 思想史的으로 볼 때, 그의 현실비판 및 실천중심의 학문관과 연관되어 있다. 즉 왕부지는 明왕조가 멸망한 원인이 程朱學과 陽明學의 空疎한 학문태도 때문이라고 보았다. 따라서 왕부지는 漢代뿐만 아니라 宋ㆍ明代의 易學에 대해 비판적일 수밖에 없었다.

王夫之의 양명학 이해 및 비판에 관한 연구

진성수(陳晟秀) 한국양명학회 2009 陽明學 Vol.0 No.24

왕부지는 明末ㆍ淸初의 전환기에서 현실비판적ㆍ실용적 학문태도를 가지고 당시의 思想界에 대해 비판 및 종합을 시도하였다. 본론에서는 특히 왕부지의 양명학 이해 및 비판에 대해 ‘불교와 양명학의 유사성에 대한 비판’과 ‘역사적ㆍ실용적 관점에서의 양명학 비판’으로 구분하여 살펴보았다. 첫째, 불교와 양명학의 유사성에 대한 비판을 살펴보자. 왕부지는 佛敎가 우주의 본질을 眞空으로 본 점, 天地를 幻想에 의한 것으로 본 점, 天地萬物과 人間倫理가 모두 心에 의해 만들어졌다고 본 점, 인간이 意識하지 않을 때에는 理氣도 존재할 수 없다고 본 점 등을 양명학이 그대로 답습하고 있는 것으로 보았다. 특히, 양명학의 良知說은 인식의 주체와 대상을 분리시키는 문제점이 있다고 평가했다. 또한 양명학의 心卽理說에 대해 虛無寂滅을 추구하는 불교의 논리에 불과하며, 왕양명의 四句敎 역시 불교이론의 變形에 불과한 것이라고 비판하였다. 둘째, 역사적ㆍ실용적 관점에서의 양명학 비판을 살펴보자. 왕부지는 宋明理學이 이론과 형식에 얽매임으로써 민족의 멸망을 초래했다고 보았다. 이에 ‘物理에 치중하여 本心을 상실한’ 程朱學과 ‘物理를 상실하고 本心에만 치중한’ 佛敎ㆍ陽明學을 대체할만한 새로운 사상을 모색하였다. 이 과정에서 왕부지는 역사적ㆍ실용적 관점을 가지고 양명학의 주관적 인식론이 사람들로 하여금 禮儀廉恥를 버리고 人倫秩序를 혼란하게 만들었다고 비판하였다. 구체적으로는 李贄의 童心說이 인간 욕망의 보편성을 극단적으로 강조함으로써 倫理와 대립하게 되었다고 보았다. 이처럼 왕부지는 程朱學과 陽明學을 동시에 비판ㆍ종합하는 철학사상을 완성하게 되는데, 이것은 思想史的으로 볼 때 전환기에 나타나는 공통적인 특징이다. 즉 전환기 유교지식인으로서 왕부지의 종합적인 학문경향은 그의 철학사상이 근대철학으로 나아가는 데에 있어서 집대성자로 평가되는 주된 요인이 되었다.