Transgenic mouse embryo를 이용한 human HoxA 유전자의 조절부위 분석과 전후축 형태형성(anterior-posterior axial pattern formation)에 미치는 영향

장승익,민원기,박종훈,이철상,이경광,이영원,전무형,김명희,Jang, Seung-ik,Min, Won-gi,Park, Jong-hoon,Lee, Chul-sang,Lee, Kyung-kwang,Lee, Young-won,Jun, Moo-hyung,Kim, Myoung-hee 대한수의학회 1995 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.35 No.1

The human homolog of position specific element of mouse Hoxa-7 was studied using transgene. It contains a 1.1 kb human DNA (HCR)- a homolog to the intergenic region between Hoxa-7 and -9, which directs the position specific expression of Hoxa-7-, tk promoter, LacZ (${\beta}$-galactosidase) gene as a reporter, and polyadenylation signal of SV40 large T antigen. It was injected into the mice embryos, and the resulting transgenic embryos were analysed through PCR as well as genomic Southern blotting with placenta DNA. Out of 20 embryos analysed, two were transgenic. Among them, one transgenic embryo expressed transgene when stained with X-gal. The expression pattern was in analogy to that of the mouse Hoxa-7, showing spatially restricted expression pattern, Since the expression of ${\beta}$-galactosidase is regulated by the upstream human HCR sequence, it implies that the HCR is the plausible position specific regulatory element of human.

황해도 안악 출신 북한이탈주민 발화의 음운론적 특징

장승익(Jang, Seung-ick) 한국언어문학회 2020 한국언어문학 Vol.114 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze the freely spoken language of North Korean defectors from Anak, Hwanghae province using the Hwanghae-do dialect, and identify its phonological characteristics. The informants of this study acquired the language after the division of the Korean peninsula, so it is expected that they will show the characteristics of the modern Hwanghae-do dialect well. This data identified a total of 19 consonants. This is generally similar to the central dialect, but it is characteristic that /c/(ㅈ) is realized as alveolar. Eight simple vowels were also identified, but most of /ӧ/(ㅚ) suggested in the existing Hwanghae-do dialect research was realized as [e] in this data. /ə/(ㅓ) > /ɨ/(ㅡ) high vowelization appeared in the word-initial and intervocalic, in the short vowels and long vowels, and in the lexical morphemes and grammatical morphemes. /e/(ㅔ) > /i/(ㅣ) has been identified limitedly in some words. Also, /o/(ㅗ) > /u/(ㅜ) appears in some parts of the lexical morphemes, and is overwhelmingly identified in the grammatical morphemes. Front-vowelization has a wider realization environment than Han Young-soon (1967). And in Kim Young-bae (1981), Anak is reported as a non-realized area of front-vowelization. However, in the speaker s speech, it appeared in a limited capacity. Umlaut was only partially identified within the morpheme and in derived words. The vowel harmony was as follows. First, in the case of the monosyllabic stems, the pattern was similar to the preceding Hwanghae-do dialect studies. However, in the case of the polysyllabic stems, numerous cases were found to differ from these studies. In addition, in the case of p-irregular stems, the pattern was similar to the Pyeongan-do dialect. The t-palatalization showed the same pattern as its general appearance in normal Korean. h-palatalization was confirmed only in ‘simdeulda’ (himdeulda, ‘to be hard’), and k-palatalization did not appear at all. Finally, The environment of h-deletion was ‘root + -hada(verb-derived suffix) and ‘noun + hago(case marker) . Even if the coda consonant in the root (or noun) is obstruent, ‘h is usually deleted. The items covered in this study can be classified into three broad categories. The first is that which appears in both dialects. This is high vowelization, umlaut, and h-deletion. The second is maintaining the characteristics of the Hwanghae-do dialect. This includes the list of consonants, the place of articulation of /c/(ㅈ), and the t-palatation. This has long been the decisive criterion for distinguishing the Hwanghae-do dialect from the Pyeongan-do dialect. Because of this, Hwanghae-do dialect speakers could not easily accept the characteristics of the Pyeongan-do dialect. On the other hand, since there has been a tendency to pronounce /c/(ㅈ) as a phoneme in the Pyeongan-do dialect, it can be interpreted that speakers of the Hwanghae-do dialect did not accept the old form. Finally, there are certain aspects of the language that were influenced by the dialect of Pyeongan province. This includes a simple vowel list, front-vowelization, vowel harmony, h-palatalization, and k-palatalization. Unlike Hwang Dae-hwa (2007), these items appear in a very limited amount in this research. The speakers have a negative attitude toward these dialects, which can be understood as the acceptance of the Pyeongan-do dialect.

방언에 유입된 외래어에 대한 연구 - 『우리말샘』의 표제어를 중심으로

장승익(Jang, Seungick) 중앙어문학회 2020 語文論集 Vol.84 No.-

이 글은 방언에 유입된 외래어의 양상을 『우리말샘』에 실린 표제어를 중심으로 확인해 보고 이를 토대로 방언 외래어의 설정 기준을 모색하는 데 목적이 있다. 각 방언의 어휘에 고유어나 한자어가 있는 것처럼 외래어가 있는 것 또한 자연스러운 일일 것이다. 그런데 방언 외래어에 대한 관심은 고유어나 한자어에 비해 상대적으로 부족하였다. 방언 어휘를 모아 편찬하는 방언사전에서도 외래어는 극히 일부만 올라가 있다. 2장에서는 『우리말샘』에 올라가 있는 방언 외래어의 자료적 성격을 정리하였다. 방언 항목 중 어원 정보가 있는 것(한자어 제외)을 찾아 288개의 외래어를 추출하였다. 방언 외래어의 품사는 대부분 명사였다. 그리고 어원으로는 일본어, 영어, 중국어의 순이었다. 이때 영어계 외래어도 대부분 일본을 거쳐 들어온 것이기 때문에 방언 외래어의 거의 대부분을 일본어계가 차지하였다. 그리고 방언 지역마다 지리적, 역사적인 이유로 유입된 언어가 달리 나타나기도 하였다. 3장에서는 국어 외래어의 기준을 설정하는 ‘동화의 조건’, ‘쓰임의 조건’이 방언 외래어에는 어떠한 식으로 구체화될 수 있는지 살펴보았다. 먼저 동화의 조건으로는 ‘1)해당 방언의 음운 현상 반영, 2)과도교정형 출현, 3)새로운 단어 형성, 4)의미 분화, 5)다양한 변이형 존재’와 같은 5가지 조건을 제시하였다. 쓰임의 조건으로는 ‘1)지리적으로, 해당 방언 전역에서 쓰이는 것, 2)사회적으로 노년층 자료, 3)시간적으로 30년 이상의 편차를 보이는 복수의 방언 자료에서 확인되는 것’과 같은 3가지를 제시하였다. This article is a study of loan-words in dialect. There are loanwords just as there are native and sino-Korean in each dialect vocabulary. However, interest in loan-words in dialect was relatively low compared to that in native or sino-Koreans. Even in dialect dictionaries, loan-words are only partially listed. Therefore, in Chapter 2, we searched for loan-words in dialect in Urimalseam and extracted 288 words. These were mostly nouns. Many words were borrowed from Japanese. Most of the loan-words in English also came via Japanese. Thus, most of the loan-words in dialects came from Japanese. In Chapter 3, we set the criteria for setting the range of loanwords in dialects. First, there are five conditions for assimilation. 1) Reflections of phonological phenomena in the dialect, 2) Existence of hypercorrection type, 3) Forming a new word, 4) Meaning changing, and 5) Existence of various variants. Next, there are three conditions of using loan-words: 1) Any loan-words identified in the dialect, 2) The data surveyed by the elderly, 3) Words found in both sets of data with a 30-year gap.

효율적인 독서 지도가 창의성 신장에 미치는 효과 연구

장승익(Seung-Ik Jang),김혜영(Hye-Young Kim) 조선대학교 교과교육연구소 2004 敎科敎育硏究 Vol.25 No.2

Adolescence as a stage of personality being formed requires to establish through education a desirable values. Those involved increasingly put more emphasis on reading as a means of doing it. For reading can not only lead unfledged juveniles to have a right thought and to improve their creativity, but as an influential instructor it serves to guiding then to the world full of experience and eventually helps form a proper values. However, our educational practices de facto have clung to the college-entrance exam, resulting in the lack of proper instruction on reading. This study tried to recognize what the disturbances to reading are and to suggest some solutions to the question of how the juveniles -- who once turned their back to reading -- keep themselves interested in books. The revised 7 th Nation-wide Curriculum lays a strong emphasis on cultivating sound mind, creative thought and basic skills while focusing on extending the ability of independent and self-led learning. Aside from boosting students interest in reading, we endeavored to help them make firm their values and outlook on life by fostering a comprehensive and creative way of thinking -- as well as to help them study further by linking the reading program to their curricular texts. To address the problems two axes of argument developed. The first axis is that of reading instruction which is centered on learners rather than teacher, procedure rather than outcome, meaning rather than form , and synthetic rather than analytic methods. Based on the confidence in students potential, we kept it in mind that learning activities be performed by or according to learners interest, motivation and ability, and we paid as high respect to their free will as we could. The other axis is worked out to form a model for effective reading, whose aim is for the research on the effect students reading activity has on their individual creativity. The subjects in this study were selected out of the 2 nd grade students of high school. The result made it confirmed that the interactions of motivation, active participation and openness helped to enhance students creative and original way of thinking. It is proved that those diverse and learners-centered methods of reading books triggered more motivation and interest in reading than those traditional and teacher-centered ones. Also the study shows us that students reading activities are internalized into their values, transferred and extended to other neighboring students, finally changed into more active reading. Through the research we came to a conclusion that it is teacher s constant concern with and interest in their pupils which can have a significant influence on their change toward active reading; that it is students independent and self-relying activities which can arouse others change of attitude toward positive reading -- to the degree that the change eventually brings about a good and substantial change within the group.

김제지역어 '어' 생략 현상의 원인에 대한 연구

장승익(Jang Seung-Ick) 국어문학회 2008 국어문학 Vol.45 No.-

The aim of this paper is to examine a cause of deletion appearance of /어/ in Gim-je Areal Dialect, explain a cause by analogical extension. It appears the initial sound of a syllable of an ending of a word deletion appearance of /어/ after a part open syllable a stem(or pre-final ending)''어’ 계 in Gim-je Areal Dialect. It doesn’t appear an ending of a word /어/ when preceding a vowel ''이, 위, 외, 으, 우, 오’ .There’s mainly appear in Jeonbuk Dialect, it confirmed a word deletion appearance of /어/ of an ending of, especially preceding an element /이/, in Jeonnam, Chungnam, Kyeongsang Dialect. The result showed that deletion of /어/ after vowel /이/ inside of morpheme and its boundary was due to replacement process as it is. Also, endings that /어/ was already deleted after /이/ eventually, adopted the deletion even after other vowels besides /이/ as of analogical extension.

"-어" 생략 현상에 대한 최적성 이론적 접근 -전북방언을 중심으로-

장승익 ( Seung Ick Jang ) 전북대학교 인문학연구소 2012 건지인문학 Vol.8 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to analysis of ``-eo``(- ) deletion in Korean by optimality theoric method. ``-eo`` deletion is that ``eo`` of ``eo`` type endings(-eot-, -eoseo, -eoya. etc.) delete after stem or prefinal ending like XV type. This phonological phenomena is widespread in Korean but realization condition of this is differ from each dialects. Especially We focused on ``-eo`` deletion in Jeonbuk dialect. Because realization condition of ``eo`` deletion is most various, ``after whole 10 vowels``, in Jeonbuk dialect. In order to analysis this, we set some of constraint, *VV, MAX, DEP, IDENTstem[F], IDENTending[F] like this. In Seoul dialect, the hierarchy of constraints is *VV ≫ DEP ≫ MAX ≫ IDENTstem[F] ≫ IDENTending[F]. And In Jeonbuk dialect, that is *VV ≫ IDENTstem[F], DEP ≫ IDENTending[F], MAX. Difference of hierarchy of constraints can explain the reason that differnc of realization condition of ``eo`` deletion each dialects.

중국인 한국어 학습자의 주술 호응 관계 오류와 교육 방안 ― 중급 학습자의 쓰기 자료를 중심으로

장승익(Jang, Seungick) 중앙어문학회 2020 語文論集 Vol.82 No.-

이 글의 목표는 중국인 중급 학습자의 글쓰기 자료에 나타난 주술 호응 관계의 오류 양상을 분석하고, 쓰기 교육에서의 몇 가지 교수 방안을 제안하는 것이다. 오류 유형은 크게 서술어 관련 오류와 주어 관련 오류로 나눌 수 있는데, 전자에 비해 후자가 많은 오류율을 보였다. 먼저, 서술어 관련 오류 유형으로는 ‘서술어 누락’과 ‘서술어 오류’, ‘조사 누락’이 있었다. ‘서술어가 누락’된 경우는 모국어의 간섭에 의한 경우가 있었으며, ‘서술어 오류’에는 명사를 용언으로 바꾸는 방식에서 오류가 발생한 경우, 그리고 ‘조사 누락’에는 서술격 조사 ‘이다’를 쓰지 않은 경우들이 있었다. 그리고 주어와 관련된 오류 유형으로는 ‘조사 누락’, ‘조사 오류’, ‘주어 누락’ 등이 나타났다. ‘조사 누락’과 ‘조사 오류’는 학습자들이 격에 대한 인식이 부족함을 보여준다는 측면에서 동일한 것으로 간주하였다. 다만 ‘조사 누락’과 같이 회피 전략을 사용한 경우는 이중 주어과 같이 생소한 문장 구조를 피하려는 의도가 있었으며, ‘조사 오류’는 서술어의 문법적 특징을 명확하게 파악하지 못한데 기인한 것으로 보았다. 그리고 ‘주어 누락’은 가장 높은 빈도를 보였는데, 이는 구어의 주어 생략 경향이 쓰기에도 반영된 것으로 보았다. 한국어 기본 문형별로는, 먼저 1, 2, 4형이 높은 빈도로 사용되었는데 이중 2형이 오류율이 가장 낮았고, 4형이 오류율이 높았다. 2형은 서술어가 형용사인 문형으로, 형용사는 하나의 명사구만을 요구하기 때문에 학습자들이 큰 어려움을 느끼지 않는 것으로 보았다. 반면 4형은 두 자릿수 서술어이기 때문에 학습자들은 주어를 생략하거나 하여 혼란을 피하려는 경향이 있음을 확인하였다. 이상의 논의를 토대로 ‘문장 복원 연습’, 각각의 용언에 문형 정보를 담고 있는 ‘별칭’을 붙이는 방안을 제안하였다. The purpose of this article is to analyzes the error patterns in subject-verb agreement seen in the writing materials of Chinese intermediate learners, and suggest some writing education methods. The types of errors can be largely divided into verb-related errors and subject-related errors, with the latter showing higher error rates than the former. First, the types of verb-related errors were “verb omission,” “verb error,” and “case omission.” “Verb omission” was caused by native language interference; “verb error” often occurred while changing nouns into verbs; and the cause of “case omission” was the failure to use the case marker “ida.” In addition, the types of errors associated with subjects were “case omission,” “case error,” etc. “Case omission” and “case error” were considered to be the same. However, “case omission” was used to avoid unfamiliar sentence structures in Korean, while “case error” arose from a poor understanding of the grammatical characteristics of the verb. “Subject omission” showed the highest frequency, which was reflected in writing by the tendency to omit the subject of the spoken language. Korean Basic Sentence Patterns, type 1, 2 and 4 were used with the highest frequency, with type 2 showing the lowest error rate and type 4, the highest. Type 2 is the adjective type. Adjectives are easy for learners to understand because they require only one noun phrase. On the other hand, type 4 requires two nouns, which causes difficulties for learners. To solve this problem, learners tend to use a way that omits the subject. Based on these discussions, chapter 4 proposed two tasks. The first is “restoring sentence practice,” and the second is to give each verb a “nickname” that can predict the sentence type.

대전지역 사육견의 심장사상충 감염실태 조사

장승익 ( Seung Ik Jang ),송운재 ( Woun Jae Song ),하숙희 ( Sook Hee Ha ),이상준 ( Sang Joon Lee ),정년기 ( Nyun Ki Chung ),문병천 ( Byung Cheon Moon ) 한국동물위생학회 2004 한국동물위생학회지 (KOJVS) Vol.27 No.2

This study was attempted to survey on the prevalence of canine heartworm(Dirofilaria immitis) infections among 206 dogs (male 92, female 114) in Daejeon area from March to December 2003. Blood samples taken from dogs were examined for the presence of D immitis microfilaria by the modified Knott`s test and an antigen test(AGENTM canine heartworm). The result obtained from this experiment were summarized as follows; 1. Eighteen(8.7%) of the 206 examined dogs were microfilaria positive, while twenty five dogs(12.1%) were antigen test positive. 2. The infection rates of heartworm in dogs at the age of <2, 2~4 and >5 were 3.8%, 18% and 25%, respectively. 3. The infection rates of heartworm in dogs by housing of indoor and outdoor were 3.3% and 36.4%, respectively. 4. The regional infection rates were Dong-gu(13/29, 44.8%), Seo-gu(7/92, 7.6%), Yuseonggu(2/33, 6.1%), Jung-gu(1/17, 5.9%) and Daedeok-gu(2/35, 5.7%). 5. The seasonal infection rates were summer(June~August, 16.7%), autumn(September October, 14%), spring(March~May, 9.4%) and winter(November~December. 7.7%).

학문 목적 한국어 학습자를 위한 기능 통합 수업 모형

장승익 ( Seung Ick Jang ) 전북대학교 인문학연구소 2014 건지인문학 Vol.12 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to propose that TV news is appropriate material for KSL(Korean for Academic Purposes) learners. And we present skills-integrated teaching model. KSL learneris foreigner that study Korean to enter the University, communicated by Korean. To find a suitable material for this learner, we look at environmental characteristics about this learner, and set some criteria. The criteria is that; 1) That meterial should integrate four skill properly, 2) That meterial should train listening specially, 3) That meterial should be formal spoken style,4) That meterial should offer audio as well as video, 5) Thatmeterial should make for Korean, not foreigner. The most suitable material is TV news in this criteria.

전북방언의 핵억양 특징 연구

장승익(Jang, Seung-ick) 한국언어문학회 2012 한국언어문학 Vol.83 No.-

This paper aims to analysis the nuclear tones in Jeonbuk Dialect via adopting a method of experimental phonetics. In order to identify a more spontaneous utterance, we focus on the Narratives in this dialect. Our discussion can be summarized as follows. Jeonbuk Dialect shows twelve kind of nuclear tons that is added three more to Lee(1997) that classified into nine of nuclear tones in Seoul Dialect, that is Rise Fall Rise, Fall Rise Fall, Rise Fall Rise Fall. a nuclear tones patterns of declarative sentence shows (X)Fall, (X)Rise Fall. a nuclear tones patterns of yes-no question is realized (X)Rise mainly. rhetorical question is similar to Seoul Dialect’s patterns. confirmative question shows Rise Fall. As a result, the typical pattern in this dialect is (X)Rise Fall.