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蝦燒 Alunite 粉末과 암모늄鹽 緩衝溶液과의 不均一反應
이희철,김철영,이익춘,Hee Chul Lee,Chul Young Kim,Ikchoon Lee 대한화학회 1975 대한화학회지 Vol.19 No.5
Alunite 鑛으로 부터 칼륨과 알루미늄 成分을 完全히 分離하여 내는 方法으로 pH8.0인 緩衝溶液과의 反應에서 反應速度와 反應機構를 究明했다. Calcinated alunite powder (surface area 5100 $cm^2/g$) was found to react with well stirred ammonium buffer solution (pH 8.0) following Jander's equation. The rate constants increase with the amount of solid and temperature of reaction system. The energy of activation for the reactions (at $30{\sim}60^{\circ}C$) was 15.7 kcal/mole. The rate-determining step appears to involve ionization of alunite.
GRM(Gaussian Reflectivity Mirror)을 이용한 불안정 공진기형 Q-스위치 Nd:YAG 레이저의 출력특성
이희철,김용평,Lee, Hee-Chul,Kim, Yong-Pyung 한국광학회 2005 한국광학회지 Vol.16 No.2
출력거울로 GRM(Gaussian reflectivity mirror)을 채택한 불안정 공진기를 구성하여 그 Q-스위치 출력의 특성을 분석하였다. 입력 전기에너지가 55J 일 때 1064 nm의 기본파장에서 470 mJ, 532 nm의 제2고조파 파장에서 280 mJ의 출력 에너지를 얻었다. 출력빔의 발산각은 1.7 mrad 이었으며 근접장 영역에서 Top-Hat 형태의 빔을 얻을 수 있었다. We investigated the operational characteristics of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, which has an unstable resonator with a GRM(Gaussian reflectivity mirror). With electrical input energy of 55 J, we obtained the fundamental energy of 470 mJ at 1064 nm and the frequency doubled energy of 280 mJ at 532 nm. The Top-Hat profile of the output beam was obtained at the near field, and beam divergence was 1.7 mard.
Pyrromethene 597 고체 색소 레이저의 제작 및 출력 특성
이희철,김용평,Lee, Hee-Chul,Kim, Yong-Pyung 한국광학회 2005 한국광학회지 Vol.16 No.2
PMMA에 pyrromethene 597(PM597) 색소를 주입하여 고체 색소를 제작한 후 그 레이저 출력특성을 분석하였다. 펌핑 광원으로 Q-스위치 Nd : YAG 레이저의 제 2 고조파를 사용하여 발진 중심파장 585 nm에서 최대 광 변환효율 $76\%$를 얻었다. 광안정성을 증가시키기 위해 단일항 에너지 상태의 산소 제거제인 DABCO(1,4-diazabicyclo [2,2,2]octane)를 주입하여 반복율 4 Hz, 출력에너지 250 mJ, 100,000번 이상의 펄스 출력을 얻었다. We fabricated pyrromethene 597(PM597) solid-state dyes which were dissolved in PMMA(poly- methylmethacrylate) and characterized the lasing characteristics. The laser was end-pumped by a frequency doubled Q-switched Nd : YAG laser. We obtained the slope efficiency of $76\%$ at lasing wavelength of 585 nm. We demonstrated the laser lifetime to be more than 100,000 shots with output energy of 250 mJ and repetition rate of 4 Hz by adding singlet oxygen quencher DABCO(1,4-diazabicyclo [2,2,2]octane) to the solid-state dye.
이종제품 동시성형을 위한 세미스택 몰드의 균형충전에 관한 연구
이희철,이희진,김경호,황재영,김영식,류호연,Lee, Hui-Chul,Lee, Hee-Jin,Kim, Kyung-Ho,Hwang, Jae-Young,Kim, Young-Sik,Ryu, Ho-Yeun 한국금형공학회 2014 한국금형공학회지 Vol.8 No.2
Recently, semi-stack mold have been developed for satisfying the various elements required in the mold industry. The mold is possible using with general-purpose injection molding machine by weight reduction through the improvement of the mold structure. In order to do that, tension core, spiral cooling system and half runner system were applied. It is effective for increased productivity and decreased of loss to the materials. However, the mold is required the filling balance in order to improve the quality and efficiency. Thus this study performed that optimum design and analysis of semi-stack mold for filling balance.
언더컷 처리장치 없는 사출성형을 위한 강제취출에 관한 연구
이희철,이희진,김경호,황재영,김영식,류호연,Lee, Hui-Chul,Lee, Hee-Jin,Kim, Kyung-Ho,Hwang, Jae-Young,Kim, Young-Sik,Ryu, Ho-Yeun 한국금형공학회 2015 한국금형공학회지 Vol.9 No.1
Recently, the mold industry has been developed to high-quality and high-productivity with various demands of the high-tech industry. Also, geometry parts of injection mold are complex and diverse optimum design through the injection molding analysis has become a matter of course. The mold industry is trying to revitalize the industry with demand technology development and manufacturing process improvement. However, products that have undercut is the need for a separate processing mechanism and structure of the mold is getting more complex, the cost is expensive. Therefore, improving the structure of the mold through a study on the forced ejecting for injection molding without undercut processing unit and to improve the productivity.
터키 셀주크조 시대(11-14세기) 국제통상 정책: 고대 실크로드 교역과의관련을 중심으로
이희철 ( Hee Chul Lee ) 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 2016 중동연구 Vol.35 No.1
The history of modern Turkey dates back to the third century BC and modern Turkey is a continuation of five past Turkic Empires from the Xiongnu, Gokturk, Uyghur, Seljuk to the Ottoman Empire. Major nomadic states, including the Xiongnu, Gokturk and Seljuk Empires in the Northern Eurasia extending to Mongolia and Central Asia, waged hegemonic struggles for the trade on the Silk Road. The spirit of challenge, which the Turkic nomad people Xiongnu, Gokturk and Uyghur put emphasis on the Silk Road trade, was usually succeeded by the Seljuk Turks migrated and settled in Anatolia. Thus, the Seljuk of Anatolia developed into a global trade state that played a critical role in international trade in Asia, Middle East and Mediterranean and Black Sea. The Sultans of the Seljuk of Anatolia, aiming to restore the ancient Silk Road trade, took part in building logistics and trade infrastructure for the purpose of growing a sustainable economy. The rulers of Anatolia Seljuk Empire understood how important trade-based commercial activity and the transcend international trade was for the existence of nation. The Sultans placed the highest value on acquiring wealth as a national strategy, on the other hand, intending political power in the region. They implemented a series of economic and trade policies in order to expand from the extensive margin of trade. This paper aims to examine the process of being a global trade state of Anatolia Seljuk Empire by discussing the purpose of this study, brief history of the Seljuk of Anatolia, historical background on how this Empire was to be a international trade state, its economic trade policies and lastly conclusion.
삼출성 나이관련황반변성 노인 환자들의 우울증, 불안증, 신체화장애 그리고 적응장애
이희철(Hee Chul Lee),남혜원(Hyewon Nam),강동우(Dongwoo Kang),염명인(Myeong In Yeom) 대한안과학회 2021 대한안과학회지 Vol.62 No.8
목적: 삼출성 나이관련황반변성 환자에서 우울증, 불안증, 신체화장애, 적응장애의 동반 유병률을 알아보고, 삼출성 나이관련황반변성이 이들 질환의 유의한 연관성이 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 건강보험심사평가원에서 제공된 2016년 고령환자 데이터(Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-Aged Patient Sample)를 분석에 사용하였다. 전체 대상자를 두 군으로 분류하여, 나이관련황반변성을 진단받고, 유리체내주입술을 시행받은 환자를 삼출성 나이관련황반변성군으로 정의하였고, 그 외 환자들을 대조군으로 정의하였다. 동반질환의 정도는 찰슨 동반 상병지수를 이용하여 평가하였다. 결과: 전체 1,319,052명의 대상자 중 유리체강내 주사를 시행 받고 있는 삼출성 나이관련황반변성 환자군은 3,134명이었다. 대상자의 평균 연령은 74.7 ± 6.7세였으며, 이 중 41.8%는 남자였다. 삼출성 나이관련황반변성군에서 우울증, 불안증, 신체화장애, 적응장애의유병률은 각각 16%, 20%, 0.5%, 그리고 0.4%였다. 특히 우울증과 적응장애의 유병률은 대조군에 비해 삼출성 나이관련황반변성군에서 유의하게 높았다. 다변량 회귀분석에서, 삼출성 나이관련황반변성은 우울증을 1.2배(95% 신뢰구간 1.08-1.31, p<0.001), 적응장애를 2.47배(95% 신뢰구간 1.47-4.18, p<0.001) 높였으며, 이는 통계적으로도 유의하였다. 반면, 삼출성 나이관련황반변성과 불안증, 신체화장애 사이에는 유의한 연관성이 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: 삼출성 나이관련황반변성은 우울증 및 적응장애와 유의한 연관성이 있으며, 이에 임상적 관심과 주의가 필요하다. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of depression, anxiety, somatization disorder, and adjustment disorder in older patients diagnosed with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to evaluate the relationship between exudative AMD and psychological disease. Methods: The 2016 Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-Aged Patient Sample was applied in this study. The subjects were divided into two groups: AMD patients undergoing intravitreal injection treatment and a control group. Comorbidities were evaluated using the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Results: A total of 1,319,052 subjects were selected, of which 3,134 were in the exudative AMD group receiving intravitreal injections. The average age of the subjects was 74.7 ± 6.7 years, and 41.8% were male. In patients with exudative AMD, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, somatization disorder, and adjustment disorder were 16%, 20%, 0.5%, and 0.4%, respectively; in particular, the prevalence of depression and adjustment disorder were significantly higher than in the control group. In multivariate regression analysis, exudative AMD was a significant factor of depression (odds ratio [OR] 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-1.31, p < 0.001) and adjustment disorder (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.47-4.18, p < 0.001). However, the association between AMD and anxiety or somatization disorder was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Exudative AMD showed a significant association with psychiatric disease, such as depression, and requires close clinical attention.