이광수와 나쓰메 소세키의 문학교육론이 지닌 근대성 비교연구

권혁건(Kwon,Hyuk-Gun),이호규(Lee,Ho-Gyoo),김주현(Kim,Ju-Hyun) 동북아시아문화학회 2011 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.28

Soseki is representative novelist and theorists of Japanese modern literature, and Lee Gwangsoo (Lee) is known as person who opened doors to Korean modern literature. They are representing not only Korean and Japanese modern literature, but also Oriental modern literature. We focused on the early stages of their literary theories. As well, looked into their arguments based on their ideas of literary education in relation between literature and society. Although Soseki and Lee are both representatives of Korean and Japanese modern literature, we have found their literary theories to have contrasts, as well as undertoned ideal substance. Their findings show identical recognition in defining the workings of human mind as intellect, emotion and volition. Also, their thoughts on the realm of emotion is the characteristic of literature, and explained modern literature by drawing the concepts of rationality and truth. Soseki insisted literary art is not a simple skill; a literary artist could influence others due to their ideals that a literary artist is someone who has the biggest and highest ideals. Lee’s argument resembles Soseki’s argument. Lee contended literary art can be made simply with skill and endeavor. Only highly gifted artist can take charge of a growing self-regulating person who could lead society through literature. Soseki and Lee both, therefore, conclude the Occidental natural science (in other words, education that is logical and substantiate) is modern education, and upcoming Oriental new education need to take after. We found Soseki and Lee have contended education through literature that could produce self-regulating and liberal individuals based on the mentioned Occidental new education.

2.06mV/count의 해상도를 갖는 칩 내부 전원전압 잡음 측정회로

이호규,정상돈,김철우,Lee, Ho-Kyu,Jung, Sang-Don,Kim, Chul-Woo 한국전기전자학회 2009 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.13 No.4

This paper describes measurement of an on-ship power supply noise in mixed-signal integrated circuits. To measure the on-chip power supply noise, we can check the effects of analog circuits and compensate it. This circuit consists of two independent measurement channels, each consisting of a sample and hold circuit and a frequency to digital converter which has a buffer and voltage controlled oscillator(VCO). The time-based voltage information and frequency-based power spectrum density(PSD) can be achieved by a simple analog to digital conversion scheme. The buffer works like a unit-gain buffer with a wide bandwidth and VCO has a high gain to improve resolution. This circuit was fabricated in a 0.18um CMOS technology and has 2.06mV/count. The noise measurement circuit consumes 15mW and occupies $0.768mm^2$. 이 논문에서는 혼성 신호 집적회로 상의 온칩 전원전압 잡음을 측정하는 회로에 대해 기술하였다. 온칩 상의 전원전압 잡음을 측정함으로서 잡음이 아날로그 회로에 미치는 영향을 확인하고 이를 보상하는 정보로도 사용할 수 있다. 이 회로는 동일하지만 독립적인 두 개의 채널로 구성되어 있다. 각 채널은 샘플 앤 홀드와 전압 제어 발진기를 포함한 주파수-디지털 변환 블록으로 구성되어 있다. 간단한 아날로그-디지털 변환 방법을 사용해서 시간 기준 전압 정보와 주파수 기준 전력 스펙트럼 밀도를 얻을 수 있다. 버퍼는 넓은 대역폭을 갖는 유닛 게인 버퍼로 동작하고, 전압 제어 발진기는 해상도를 높이기 위한 높은 증폭도를 가지고 있다. 이 회로는 0.18um CMOS 공정으로 설계되었으며 측정된 해상도는 2.06mV/count 이다. 전원잡음 측정회로는 15mW의 전력을 소모하며 $0.768mm^2$의 면적을 차지한다.

1960년대 패러디 소설의 반영론적 성격 연구 : 이호철과 박태순의 단편소설을 중심으로

이호규(Lee Ho-Gyoo) 중앙어문학회 2009 語文論集 Vol.42 No.-

This study focused on one of the characteristics of parody novels - reflection on realties. That is, it investigated the opinions of writers who reflected and criticized their contemporary realities or social aspects ideologically through parody novels. The purpose of this study was to reveal such characteristics of parody novels in the 1960s based on the short stories written by Lee Ho-cheol and Park Tae-sun and analyze their reality-reflective attitudes and inclination. Reading and analyzing appropriately the parody novels of Lee Ho-cheol and Park Tae-sun who have been regarded as prominent writers of the literature based on progressive and socially critical realism in the 1960s would broaden their literary domain and properly evaluate the diversity that their novels possessed. Furthermore, it would be able to firmly establish the grounds for the reality-reflective characteristics of parody novels in the 1960s. 「Tal-sayukja Hoeui (A Meeting of Post-breeders)」published in 1966 was a work with a noticeably sharp satirical spirit through a fable and clearly revealed the spirit of criticizing realities by Lee Ho-cheol who concentrated more than anyone else on social efficiency of literature. In「Jakka-jimang (a Desire to Become a Writer)」written Park Tae-sun, Lee Gwang-su appeared as a speaker and the work dealt with the relationship between Lee Gwang-su and Choi Seo-hae in the 1930s and showed the self-examination of what literary recognition and practice one should have as an intellectual and novelist. The first volume out of Park Tae-sun's「Samdu-macha(A Three-horse Carriage)」 series was the novel that parodied Heosaeng-jeon. He clearly showed that not an intellectual like Heosaeng but the mass of the people such as Oechon-dong people had strong vitality and its spontaneous and resultant will to reform realities. Moreover, he believed that the writer as an intellectual should depict the lives of people in general vividly and inform others of them and practice the literature, in which the writer should stay with people while being on their side and make efforts to create a society living together with them. The parody novels by Park Tae-sun once again conspicuously demonstrated that he clearly recognized writer's consciousness and his calling as an intellectual and novelist in the given period and society.

이병주 초기 소설의 자유주의적 성격 연구 -작가의식과 작중 인물을 중심으로-

이호규 ( Ho Gyoo Lee ) 한국문학연구학회 2011 현대문학의 연구 Vol.0 No.45

이병주 초기 소설은 1940년대 일제 말기 제국주의 전시 체제의 식민지 시기와 해방 정국 그리고 60년대 군부 독재 시기를 대상으로 자유주의 지 식인의 운명과 그 의미를 천착하고 있다. 식민지 일제 말기에 있어서 제국 주의 권력의 통치를 가능하게 하기 위해 조선인들의 삶을 포획하고 그에 특정한 형식을 부여했던 장치는 ``치안, 고쿠고(國語), 이름(창씨개명), 전쟁(징병 및 징용)이었다. 해방 정국은 극단적인 이분법적 선택을 강요하는 좌우익의 대립이 낳은 정치적 슬로건과 집회, 그리고 이데올로기의 강압 적 선택이었다. 5·16 군사 쿠데타 후 6,70년대는 반공 이데올로기와 천 민자본주의가 결탁되어 작동한다. 본 논문은 <소설 알렉산드리아>를 비롯하여 <마술사>, <예낭풍물지>, <변명> 등 1960년대에서 70년대 초기까지 이병주의 소설들을 대 상으로 하여 장치라는 개념을 사용하여 자유주의 지식인의 운명이 한국 현대사에서 어떻게 되었으며 그것의 의미는 무엇인지, 그들의 삶이 가지 는 과거와 현재의 의미는 무엇인지 살펴보고자 한다. 이병주에게 자유의 개념은 매우 중요하며 그의 글쓰기의 원천 및 주제 라고 할 수 있다. 그에게 자유는 곧 개인주의를 의미한다. 질곡의 역사를 지닌 한국 사회에서 자유주의적 개인주의자들이 어떤 희생을 겪으며 살 아왔는지에 대해 이병주는 다른 방법이 아닌 소설로써 드러내고자 했다 라는 사실은 그 역시 자유주의자이기 때문이다. 자신의 식민지와 전쟁 체 험을 바탕으로 한 구체적인 역사적 사건이라는 실제성 곧 리얼리티와 함께 그의 소설 전반에 나타나는 환상적 낭만성의 혼종은 닫힌 사회와 그 안 에서 사회적 개인으로서 역할과 의무를 다하면서 진정한 자유를 추구하는 개인주의자의 관념이 빚어내는 결과라고 할 수 있다. 그의 소설이 지닌 역사성 곧 실제성과 낭만적 관념의 개인은 충돌을 일으키는 것이 아니다. 지금 현재의 억압적 상황과 그러한 상황을 회피하지 않고 자유주의자로 서 한 개인의 삶이 오히려 보장되고 그러한 삶을 누릴 수 있는 사회를 꿈 꾸는 낭만적 자유주의자의 관념, 의지가 내포와 외연을 이룸으로써 한국 사회의 상황과 거대한 역사적 사건 속에서 희생당하고 억압당하며 소외 되어온 개인이 대비적으로 선명하게 부각되고 있다. Lee Byung-joo`s early novels inquired into the destiny and meaning of liberalistic intellectuals during the imperialistic war footing at the end of Japanese rule during the 1940s, the political situation after liberation, and the period of military dictatorship during the 1960s. At the end of Japanese colonial rule, some devices that captured the lives of the Joseon people and endowed specific forms matching their lives which enabled the rule of imperialistic power included ``public security, gokugo (國語), name (forced name change system), and war (draft and conscription). The political situation after liberation faced the forcible selection of the political slogan, rally, and ideology generated by the confrontation between the left wing and the right wing, which forced the extreme dichotomic selection. In the 1960s and 1970s after the 5.16 military coup, an anti-communistic ideology combined with pariah capitalism, and worked together. This paper aims at Lee Byung-joo`s novels throughout the 1960s to the early 1970s, such as <Magician>, <Yenang Pungmulji>, and <Excuse>beginning from <Novel Alexandria>, and to look into how the destiny of liberalistic intellectuals changed in modern Korean history, what its meaning was, and the past and present meaning of their lives using the concept, namely the device. To Lee Byung-joo, the concept of freedom is very important, and this may be the origin and subject of his writing. To him, freedom equals individualism. In Korean society, which has a history of ordeals, Lee Byung -joo tried to reveal what kind of sacrifice liberalistic individualists had experienced in a form no other than as a novel. This is because he was also liberalist. The hybridism of actuality that it is a concrete historical fact based on the author`s experience of colony and war, namely reality, and fantastic romance shown throughout his novels may be the result created by a closed society and by the notion of an individualist who pursues true freedom while being fully faithful to his/her role and duty as a social individual in that society. Historicity in his novel, that is, actuality, and an individual with a romantic notion do not conflict. The current suppressive situation and the notion and will of a romantic liberalist who dreams of a society in which the life of an individual is rather secured and that such a life may be enjoyed as a liberalist without avoiding such a situation forms connotation and denotation. In this way, there is highlighted the clear contrast between the situation in Korean society and an individual who has been sacrificed, suppressed, and isolated in huge historical incidents.

북한 커뮤니케이션 네트워크 구조와 정보 이용 행태에 관한 연구: 북한의 비공식 커뮤니케이션 네트워크와 정보 이용의 사사화(私事化)

이호규 ( Ho Kyu Lee ),곽정래 ( Jeong Rae Kwak ) 한국지역언론학회 2013 언론과학연구 Vol.13 No.4

이 연구는 북한사회 내 새로운 커뮤니케이션 네트워크 구조와 정보 이용 양태를 규명하기 위해 북한의 대내외 커뮤니케이션 환경과 조건을 탐색하고, 나아가 새로운 커뮤니케이션 네트워크의 작동 메커니즘과 이를 통한 다양한 행위자의 정보 이용 양태를 살펴보고자 했다. 연구결과 북한의 커뮤니케이션 구조는 단일한 형태의 커뮤니케이션 네트워크 구조에서 비공식 커뮤니케이션 네트워크의 새로운 등장으로 복합적 형태의 커뮤니케이션 네트워크 구조를 갖는 사회적 커뮤니케이션 체계로 진행되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 비공식 커뮤니케이션 네트워크 모형은 단(單)허브 형태인 공식 커뮤니케이션 네트워크로서 선전선동 커뮤니케이션 네트워크와 다르게 네트워크 민주모델인 다(多)허브형 네트워크와 탈(脫)허브형 네트워크의 중간 형태를 띠고 있는 에이전시 커뮤니케이션 네트워크(Agency Communication Network-ACN)의 구조를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 민주모형에 가까운 수평적 구조의 비공식 커뮤니케이션 네트워크에서 다양한 노드로 연결된 행위자들의 정보 이용 사사화(privatization)는 북한사회 내 개개인의 커뮤니케이션 연결망의 비공식적 확장과 북한주민의 사회적 커뮤니케이션 세계에의 참여양식의 질적 변동을 가져왔으며, 북한사회의 하위노드 사이를 매개(agency)하는 지역간·부문간·영역간 커뮤니케이션 네트워크를 촉진하는 결과로 나타났다. This study tries to investigate the newly emerging both the structure of communication network and the pattern of information usage in North Korea. For the above research question, this paper has studied the environmental factors of communications surrounding North Korea. Additionally, this research aims to delve into the mechanismof new communication structure with the analyses of the pattern of information usage of actors. It is found that North Koreans enjoy the multi-network structure, which means that the influences of hierarchical mono-hub network used to be found before ArduousMarch are not working well. The multi-network structure is characterized by the Agency Communication Network(ACN) which is the middle formof multi-hub network and post-hub network of horizontal network. Due to the ACN, the people of North Korea can access diverse information from outside countries. Furthermore, they can communicate as free as they want within the structure of ACN. However, there has emerged severe vigilance from the government to block the free flow of information with the ACN. Even though the monitoring of communication among people by government, the people of North Korea enjoy the privatization of information flow in the ACN, which enables themto exchange diverse types of information with other peoples. It is concluded that the society of North Korea has been moving fromtop-down command society to the quasi-horizontal communication society crossing over regions and sectors.

주체형성 장치로서의 가상공간과 커뮤니케이션 모델

이호규(Hokyu Lee) 사이버커뮤니케이션학회 2010 사이버 커뮤니케이션 학보 Vol.27 No.2

과연 가상공간의 정체성은 무엇이고, 가상공간에서의 사람들의 커뮤니케이션은 어떠한 특징이 있는가? 지금까지 가상공간은 미지의 공간이며 많은 사람이 자신들이 원하는 것을 얻을 수 있는 자유의 공간으로 간주해 왔다. 한편으로는 사회에 내재한 권력 관계들에 의해 형성하고 있는 공간으로 바라보는 시각도 있다. 본 논문에서는 르페브르와 푸코의 공간, 지식, 그리고 권력의 개념의 논의에 근거하여, 가상공간을 사람들이 자신들의 권력을 행사하는 사회 장치로 개념 규정하였다. 사회 장치로서의 가상공간을 통해 사람들은 자신들의 주체성을 다른 사람들과의 관계를 통해 추구하고 유지하고 있다. 또한, 가상공간에서의 커뮤니케이션은 기존의 점과 점에서 관계, 즉, 선의 커뮤니케이션을 그 특징으로 하고 있다. Because of the digitization of communication media, each and separate communication media in the past has begun to converge. As some medium theorists such as Harold Innis, Marshall McLuhan had suggested, communication media have influenced the cognition of human being, furthermore, have a close relationship with epistemology. From these arguments, this report tries to describe the emerging phenomena, focusing on the mode of communication. What is the identity of cyberspace? What are the characteristics of communication through cyberspace? For these research problems, this paper takes a look at the discussions of Lefebvre and Foucault regarding the social space, power, and knowledge. To explain the identity of cyberspace, this report has taken a look at the arguments of both Henri Lefebvre and Michel Foucault. This report argues that digital space is a kind of emerging self-technology for the people to subjectify themselves. In the cyberspace, the peculiar characteristic of a changing communication mode is that network communication has begun to replace the point-to point communication. Employing the connectivity and mobility which are the major characteristics of convergence, people can add on the existing opinions as well as can express their opinions as free as they can. This paper regards the identity of cyberspace as the social apparatus(dispositif) which refer to the various institutional, physical and administrative mechanisms and knowledge structures which enhance and maintain the exercise of power within the social body. Then mode of communication among people changes from people to people to people to space. In other words, the characteristics of communication through cyberspace is kind of line-communication as Deleuze argues about the subjectification.

더블 샘플링 기법을 사용한 10bit 1MS/s 0.5㎽ 축차 비교형 아날로그-디지털 변환기

이호규(Hokyu Lee),김무영(Moo-Young Kim),김철우(Chulwoo Kim) 대한전기학회 2011 전기학회논문지 Vol.60 No.2

This paper introduces the 10b 1MS/s SAR ADC with double sampling technique to reduce the power consumption. The SAR ADC is implemented in CMOS 1P8M 65nm technology and occupies 0.11um2. The maximum sampling rate is 1MS/s. The simulated SNDR and SFDR are 55.6㏈ and 62.7㏈ at 484㎑ input frequency, respectively. The implemented data converter consumes 507㎼ with 1.2-V supply.

특집논문 : "타자"로서의 발견, "우리"로서의 자각과 확인 -2000년대 이후 한국 소설에 나타난 조선족의 양상 연구-

이호규 ( Ho Gyoo Lee ) 한국문학연구학회 2008 현대문학의 연구 Vol.0 No.36

정보통신 규제 기구 운영의 제도적 장치에 대한 비교 연구: 독일, 영국, 프랑스를 중심으로

이호규 ( Ho Kyu Lee ) 한국지역언론학연합회 2006 언론과학연구 Vol.6 No.1

역사 제도주의자들에 의하면 규제 정책은 각 나라들의 문화의 전통을 반영한다고 한다. 따라서 한 나라에서의 성공이 다른 나라들이 유사한 문제를 해결하기 위한 모델이 될 수 없기 때문에 각 나라들의 규제 정책이 다양하게 나타날 수밖에 없다. 반면에 정책의 수렴을 주장하는 학자들은 지금과 같이 모든 나라들이 유기적인 관계를 맺고 있는 세계화 시대에는 이웃 나라 혹은 국가를 초월한 조직들의 강요로 인해 각 나라들의 정책이 수렴된다고 주장하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 규제 기구 설치가 독일, 영국, 그리고 프랑스 등을 분석대상으로 하여 정보통신 산업을 규제하기 위한 규제 기구 설치를 정책의 수렴 현상으로 이해할 수 있을 것인지 아니면 선정하여 각 나라들의 고유성을 반영하는 것인지를 알아보고자 하였다. Nowadays, we are witnessing the increasing pressure of establishing semi-independent regulatory agency, discarding the existing government-centered regulation approach. By introducing regulatory agency, we believe that there emerge efficient regulatory policy to harmonize between market efficiency and political equity. This kind of regulatory agency is getting more emphasized as time goes on. In the past Europe, most countries have adopted government-centered policy in the belief that telecommunications is sort of infrastructure. Therefore, governments have always played a great role in policy making. However, in Europe, the movement to change from governmentcentered to regulatory agency has gained momentum since the Britain established regulatory agency to control and coordinate telecommunications industry. Observing the trend of the emphasis of regulatory agency in several European countries, the author tries to understand what kind of factors are influencing in explaining and emphasizing the import of regulatory agency? How can we understand the changing policy paradigm in the Europe? In order to find the answers for the afore-mentioned research questions, this study employs the contrasting approaches in explaining policy making, such as historical institutionalism, path-dependent and convergent approaches. Historical institutionalism argues that the structures of decision making was highly influenced by historically constructed policy framework and differed greatly from one country to another. It argues that when reforms occur, they follow contrasting paths and achieve diverse outcomes greatly from one country to another. They posit mechanisms for the different institutional paths taken by nations, notably path dependency and critical juncture. However, nowadays, supranational coercion arise from authoritative international bodies, such as EUs. Pressure from other governments and foreign interests such as firms, offers another form of coercion. These actors can seek similar changes across nations. Cross-national policy learning can undermine the effects of national contexts on learning. Policy makers draw lessons from other countries and enjoy an alternative to national isomorphism. The result of cross-national emulation would bring in the policy convergence. To understand why some European countries introduced regulatory agency and to test the above contrasting approaches, this study looks at the historical contexts of Germany, France, and Britain. This study finds that either approach cannot fully explain the phenomena of increasing rate of adoption of regulatory agency in Europe. Rather, we need another middle way of diversity in convergence.

막다른 곳, 땅 끝에서 삶은 새로 시작되다 : 전후 소설에 나타난 전쟁과 부산

이호규(Lee Ho-Gyoo) 동남어문학회 2008 동남어문논집 Vol.1 No.26

A life begins anew in a dead end, at the end of the earth. - War and Busan shown in novels after the Korean War. Dongnam Journal of Korean Language & Literature 26. How authors who are refugee themselves generally depict and illustrate Busan during the war? The loss of hometowns and settlements appear different according to the background or origin of the subject, namely, the hometown and hierarchical condition of the subject. This study aims to discover how these conditions appear in novels after the war, what the differences mean, and what meaning the place, Busan, has amid the differences. For Kim Dong Ri, Jo Yeon Hyeon, and others, the Busan-bound train or trip was a spiraling down of depression and despair, which was literally a refuge they could not but choose in hopelessness while losing their own residences. Therefore, the scene at the Busan Port looked extremely bleak in their eyes. Busan, immediately before the cease-fire, was described as an adequate place where the self-awareness and existentialistic nihilism of the author could emerge in ‘On a Raining Day’ by Son Chang Seob in 1953; thus, unrealistic despair and sad emotion appeared overly amplified. Despite the fact that Busan was a place where lives existed in an ordinary place, Busan was still an unfamiliar place to the author, and characters were adrift as if they felt like strangers there. This situation is described in ‘The Third Human Type’ by Ahn Soo Gil, announced in 1953 when the war was under suspension. Nevertheless, in ‘Talhyang (Escape from Hometowns)’ by Lee Ho Cheol, there is a point of reversal ironically changing direction completely at a time when Busan was perceived as a place of despair, which differentiates Busan in the book from Busan as described in other books. Now, displaced people perceived that they needed to be included within the realm of normal people as ordinary working people who transcended themselves as the Other. Busan was recognized as a new space and a new settlement. However, there is a possibility that Busan may be perceived only as a place of success for emigrants, who have by their wiliness and tricks cunningly adjusted to the trends of social conditions since Busan was a place where the snobbish and deteriorated pariah capitalism surged in the midst of the war. Busan was poised to be the new emigrant location while going through the post-war era, and it shouldn’t be overlooked that those emigrants gathered to form a single huge community.