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이용세,황병국 한국균학회 1982 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.10 No.4
Immature apple fruits of cultivars Fuji and Miller were completely resistant to Macrophoma sp. until 10 July. When inoculated on 31 July, apples became susceptible to this fungus, irrespective of cultivar. This fungus grew better on Fuji than Miller. Lesion enlargement on apple at 25℃ was remarkably pronounced relative to 20℃. In both cultivars, the amount of total soluble carbohydrates or reducing sugars in apple fruit flesh was gradually increased as apples became mature. The healthy apples of cultivar Fuji had a higher amount of carbohydrates than those of Miller. The infected apples contained more soluble carbohydrates in comparison to the healthy ones. In healthy apples, there were no consistent differences between Fuji and Miller in amount of total soluble amino acids. With increasing age of apples, the amount of soluble amino acids declined in the fruit flesh of both cultivars. Levels of carbohydrates and amino acids in apple fruits were discussed in association with the immature fruit resistance to Macrophoma sp.
고추 역병에 대한 아인산(phosphorous acid) 의 방제 효과
이용세,장태현,임태헌,류연주,조정상 한국환경농학회 2001 한국환경농학회지 Vol.20 No.3
아인산 (phosphorous acid, H₃PO₃) 고추역병균 (Phytophthora capsici)에 대한 생물활성을 in vitro와 in vivo에서 검정하였다. 아인산이 1,000 및 10,000 ㎍ a.i./mL 농도로 첨가되었을 경우 액체배지와 고체배지에서 무처리구에 비하여 97%이상 균사 생장이 억제되었으나. 10 ㎍ a.i./mL 농도의 경우 액체배지에서는 무처리구에 비하여 46.2%, 고체배지에서는 4.9% 생장이 억제되었다. 액체배지에서 균사생장에 대한 EC_(50)은 12.0 ㎍ a.i./mL 였다. 아인산의 100 ㎍ a.i./mL 농도에서 유주자낭의 형성은 무처리구에 비하여 89.1% 억제되었다. 아인산이 10,000 및 1,000 ㎍ a.i./mL 농도로 첨가되었을 경우에 고추역병균의 유주자낭 발아율은 각각 0% 및 15.3% 발아하여 97.3% 발아한 무처리구에 비하여 100%와 84.3% 발아가 억제되었으며, 100 ㎍ a.i./mL 농도에서는 54.3%가 발아하여 44.2% 발아가 억제되었다. 10 ㎍ a.i./mL 농도에서는 90.9% 발아하여 6.6% 발아가 억제되었으나, 유주자낭은 발아하여도 정상적인 발아관의 신장에 이은 균사생장이 이루어지지 않고 균사신장이 극히 저조하거나, 비정상적인 형태를 나타내었다. 온실에서 아인산제제의 고추역병발생억제 효과를 검정한 결과 아인산제제는 77.0∼62.0%의 방제가를 보였다. 고추를 포장에서 관행 재배하면서 아인산제제의 효과를 검정한 결과 무처리구와 비교하였을때 54% 역병발생이 억제되어 아인산의 병발생억제효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 아인산이 고추 생육에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 무처리구에 비해 초장은 108.5%, 한 주당 고추 열매 수는 123.8% 무게는 119.7% 생육이 증진되었다. Control effects of phosphorous acid were investigated on Phytophthora blight of red pepper plants in greenhouse and field. In vitro test, the mycelial growth of Phytophthora capsici was inhibited by the phosphorous acid more than 97% at 1,000 ㎍ and 10,000 ㎍ a.i./mL in the liquid and solid culture, respectively. At concentration of 10 ㎍ a.i./mL of phosphorous acid, in the liquid culture the mycelial growth of P. capsici was inhibited 46.2%, however inhibited only 4.9% on the soild culture. Zoosporangial formation was also inhibited 89.1% by phosphorous acid at 100 ㎍ a.i./mL. Phosphorous acid affected more zoosporangial formation of P. capsici than its mycelial growth. At the concentrations of 10,000, 1,000 and 100 ㎍ a.i./mL of phosphorous acid, germination of zoosporangia was inhibited 100, 84.3 and 44.2%, respectively. Mycelial growth and zoosporangial formation of P. capsici were little affected at the concentration of 10 ㎍ a.i./mL of phosphorous acid. Cermination of zoosporangia was also little affected at this concentration, however growth of the germ tubes was inhibited and the abnormal mycelial growth was observed. Phosphorous acid suppressed the incidence of Phytophthora blight of red pepper plants up to 77.0∼62.0%, in greenhouse. Phosphorous acid suppressed the incidence of Phytophthora blight of red pepper plants up to 54.0% at the conventional culture in field. Treatments of phosphorous acid increased up to 113% in height, 135% in number of fruit, and 129% in weight of fruit.
고추잎 열수추출물로부터 보체계 활성화 다당의 분리 및 특성
이용세,나경수,정상철,서형주,박희성,백형석,최장원 한국생명과학회 2002 생명과학회지 Vol.12 No.1
고추잎의 열수추출을 행하여 추출물의 보체계 활성을 측정한 결과 열수추출물에서 높은 항보체 활성이 나타나 고추잎의 열수추출물을 대상으로 활성 다당을 분리하여 특성을 조사하였다. 즉 열수추출물의 메탄을 환류, 에탄을 침전, 투석 및 동결건조를 통하여 고추일 600 g으로부터 186g의 조다당(CAL-0)을 얻었다. CAL-0는 당 51.8%, 산성당 8.2%, 단백질 16.8%를 함유하고 있었으며 주로 arabinose, glucose, galactose로 구성되어 있었다. 조다당 CAL-0는 pronase 처리에서 활성의 변화가 없었으나 과요오드산 산화에 의해서 급격히 활성이 감소하였다. 또한 CAL-0의 항보체 활성은 $Ca^{2+}$이온 존재 유무시의 항보체 활성과 교차면역 전기영동 결과 고전경로와 부경로를 통하여 보체계를 활성화하는 것이 관찰되었다. 이 조다당 CAL-0를 DEAE Sepharose CL-6B을 사용하여 0$\longrightarrow$1 M NaCl로 이온교환 크로마토그래피를 행하여 1개의 비흡착획분과 6개의 흡착획분을 얻었다. 이중 증류수(CAL-1)와 0.1 M NaCl에서 용출된 획분(CAL-2)이 다른 획분에 비해 높은 보체계 활성을 보였으며 활성 획 분들에서는 주로 arabinose, galactose, glucose가 다양한 비율의 몰비로 구성되어 있었다. CAL-2 획분은 Sepharose CL-6B의 gel filtration에서 고분자 peak와 저분자 peak로 분리되었으며 항보체 활성은 분자량 61,000 정도의 고분자 획분에서 높게 나타났다. It was observed that the hot water extract of the leaves of Capsicum annuum L., a Korean edible plant, had a potent anti-complementary activity. Crude polysaccharide fraction(CAL-0) was obtained by methanol reflux, ethanol precipitation, dialysis and lyophilization. CAL-0 contained 51.8% of total sugar, 8.2% of uronic acid and 16.8% of protein, and consisted of mainly arabinose, galactose and glucose as neutral sugars and galacturonic acid as uronic acid. The anti-complementary activity of CAL-0 decreased greatly by periodate oxidation, but was not changed by pronase treatment. Also, the anti-complementary activity of CAL-0 was reduced partially in the absence of the $Ca^{2+}$ ion. The crude polysaccharide CAL-0 was found to activate the C3 component both in the presence and in the absence of $Ca^{2+}$ through the crossed-immunoelectrophoresis suggesting that those involved in both classical and alternative complement pathway CAL-0 was further separated to an unabsorbed fraction(CAL-1) and six absorbed fractions(CAL-2longrightarrowCAL-7) on DEAE Sepharose CL-6B ion exchange column. Among them four major fractions in activity and yield were obtained, and consisted mainly of arabinose, galactose and glucose with various molar ratios. The major fraction, CAL-2, was purified to give a high molecular fraction(CAL-2-I) and a low molecular fraction(CAL-2-II) on Sepharose CL-6B column. The anti-complementary activity of CAL-2-I, a molecular weight of about 61,000, was higher than it of CAL-2-II.-II.