자동무수차점 방식 널 렌즈 광학계를 이용한 직경 450 mm(f/2.7) 포물면경의 제작 및 측정 평가

이영훈,조재흥,임천석,이윤우,양호순,이재협,이인원,Lee, Young-Hun,Jo, Jae-Heung,Rim, Cheon-Seog,Lee, Yun-Woo,Yang, Ho-Soon,Lee, Jae-Hyeob,Lee, In-Won 한국광학회 2006 한국광학회지 Vol.17 No.2

직경 450 mm(f/2.7) 포물면경 제작을 위해 자동무수차점방식의 널 광학계를 설계 및 제작하였으며, 설계프로그램(CODE V)의 공차분석기법을 이용하여 널 광학계의 제작과 정렬 오차에 따른 측정 신뢰도를 이론적으로 검증하였다. 그리고 광학계를 실제로 구축하여 포물면경의 제작에 적용하였다. 또한, 널 렌즈를 사용하지 않고 평면거울만 사용하는 자동시준방식의 측정방법으로 포물경을 재평가하여, 역으로 자동무수차점방식의 널 렌즈 정렬오차에 의한 측정 신뢰도를 확인하였다. The autotstigmatic null lens system is designed and constructed for the fabrication of a parabolic mirror with the diameter of 450 mm(f/2.7). And the measurement reliability is also analyzed theoretically by means of the tolerancing technique using lens design software(CODE V). From this analysis, we can precisely fabricate a parabolic mirror with the large diameter of 450 mm(f/2.7). Meanwhile, in order to confirm the fabrication results by the autostigmatic method, the mirror surface is tested again by an autocollimating method that uses only a plane mirror without any null lens.

다양한 수술방법에 의한 진성악관절강직증의 치험례

이영훈,이상철,김여갑,류동목,이백수,윤옥병,Lee, Young-Hoon,Lee, Sang-Chull,Kim, Yeo-Gab,Ryu, Dong-Mok,Lee, Baek-Soo,Yoon, Ok-Byung 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 1999 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.21 No.3

TMJ ankylosis is defined as a mobile disorder of jaw such as mouth opening limitation, limitation of anterior or/and lateral movement of TMJ. Kazanjian published first clinical report about classification of TMJ ankylosis dividing with intracapsular ankylosis and extracapsular ankylosis. TMJ ankylosis is resulted from trauma, infection, metastatic tumor, irradiation, burn and etc. When TMJ ankylosis is manifested in growing period, it affects to functional disorder and development and position of mandible, so it can result in maxillofacial deformity such as facial asymmetry, micrognathia, malocclusion. For treatment of TMJ ankylosis, various surgical interventions were devised ; condylectomy, gap arthroplasty, interpositional arthroplasty and TMJ reconstruction. So, we report our results with documental study and cases of true ankylosis in our department.

포도와 오이즙액을 이용한 동충하초(Paecilomyces japonica) 균사체 배양액의 미백효과

이영훈,박상상,이상원,이성호,박기훈,최영주,갈상완,Lee, Young-Hoon,Park, Sang-Sang,Lee, Sang-Won,Lee, Sung-Ho,Park, Ki-Hoon,Choi, Young-Ju,Gal, Sang-Wan 한국생명과학회 2006 생명과학회지 Vol.16 No.5

포도와 오이즙액에 동충하초 균사체 배양액의 미백화장품 원료로서의 이용가능성을 조사하였다. B16BL6 mouse melanoma cell에 동충하초 균사체 배양액을 배양기간 및 농도별로 처리했을 때, 15일 동안의 배양조건과 $50\;{\mu}l/ml$ (5%)의 농도로 처리하였을 때 멜라닌 생성억제 효과가 가장 높은 것을 확인하였다. In vitro tyrosinase 활성억제효과에서는 포도와 오이즙액에 동충하초 균사체 배양액을 10% 농도로 첨가시 50%의 멜라닌 생성 억제율을 보였으며, 30% 농도에서는 100% 억제를 확인하였다. 결과적으로 포도와 오이즙액에 동충하초 균사체 배양액은 멜라닌 생성의 주 효소인 tyrosinase의 작용을 억제함으로써 미백 효과를 나타내는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 세포독성실험에서 포도, 오이즙액과 그 즙액에 동충하초 균사체 배양액을 각각의 농도로 B16BL6 mouse melanoma cell에 처리 한 결과 포도, 오이즙액의 5% 처리 시에는 50% 사멸, 9% 이상에서는 100% 세포가 사멸하는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 그러나 포도, 오이즙액에 동충하초 균사체를 배양한 배양액은 20% 까지 처리 시에도 세포독성이 나타나지 않는 것을 확인 하였다. 따라서 포도와 오이즙액에 동충하초 균사체를 배양한 배양액은 세포 독성이 없으며, 미백 효과가 뛰어난 것으로 미백화장품 원료로서 사용가능함을 확인하였다. This study was carried out to investigate the whitening effect of mycelial culture broth of P. japonica in the mixture of cucumber and grape extracts. In the inhibition test of melanin biosynthesis of melanoma cell, B16BL6, the culture broth of P. japonica more then $50\;{\mu}l/ml$ (5%) concentration inhibited the melanin biosynthesis of the cell entirely without cytotoxicity. More then 10 days incubation of P. japonica in the mixture was required to have the inhibition activity. In vitro inhibition test of melanin biosynthesis of the culture broth of P. japonica was investigated in the concentration dependent manner of 10% to 50%. 30% concentration of the culture broth inhibited completely tyrosinase activity. In the cytotoxicity test, cucumber and grape extract itself has a strong cytotoxicity to the melanoma cell, B16Bl6. The value of $IC_{50}$ of the cucumber and grape extracts against the melanoma cells was 5% concentration. However, the culture broth of P. japonica incubated in the cucumber and grape extracts did not show the cytotoxcity up to 20% against melanoma cell, B16BL6. Therefore, we concluded that the culture broth of P. japonica in the mixture of cucumber and grape extracts can be used as a whitening cosmetic resource.

3T3-L1 지방전구세포에 대한 다양한 주파수 진동의 지방 생성 억제 효과

이영훈,이석호,정혜빈,정용찬,김민환,이은미,김지현,Lee, Yeong Hun,Lee, Seok-Ho,Jung, Haebin,Jung, Yong Chan,Kim, Min Hwan,Lee, Eun Mi,Kim, Chi Hyun 대한의용생체공학회 2021 의공학회지 Vol.42 No.1

Vibration is a mechanical cue that can be applied to adipose tissues for the purpose of treating obesity. However, the exact correlation between vibration and other anti-adipogenic pathways, such as development of cytoskeleton and apoptosis, remains unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the unknown anti-adipogenic effects of vibration with varied frequencies on preadipocytes. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing 5% calf serum at 37 ℃ with 5% CO2 in a humidified incubator. Vibration was generated using Arduino Uno microcontroller and vibration motor module with 1 V DC, and applied to preadipocytes for 3 days. Frequency conditions were set to 20, 55, and 90 Hz. Then, the expressions of p38 pathway, ROCK-1, α-actinin, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-9, 8, and 3 were analyzed with western blot. As a result, p38 pathway was inhibited in 55 and 90 Hz while ROCK-1 and α-actinin were expressed in 20 Hz. Caspase-3, a terminal apoptotic factor, was activated in 20 Hz via extrinsic pathway rather than intrinsic pathway. Results suggest that various frequencies of vibration can inhibit adipogenesis via different pathways which sheds light on future mechanotransduction applications of vibration for the treatment of obesity.

Bacillus subtilis BB-1으로부터 나토키나아제 유전자 크로닝 및 대량발현

이영훈,이성호,박기훈,최영주,정영기,갈상완,Lee Young-Hoon,Lee Sung-Ho,Park Ki-Hoon,Choi Young-Ju,Jeong Yong-Kee,Gal Sang-Wan 한국생명과학회 2006 생명과학회지 Vol.16 No.2

흑두청국으로부터 분리된 혈전용해력이 우수한 Bacillus subtilis BB-1(KFCC 11344P)으로부터 혈전용해효소 유전자를 PCR법에 의해 크로닝하였고 이를 BCF-1으로 명명하였다. BCF-1의 DNA 염기서열결정 결과 1,145 bp 크기의 혈전용해 효소로, 일본의 natto로부터 분리된 nattokinase 유전자와 99%의 상동성을 보임을 확인하였다. 혈전용해효소 유전자의 발현을 위하여 Bacillus 발현계인 Bacillus-E. coli의 shuttle vector인 pEB vector에 크로닝 하고 host로서 B. subtilis 168에 형질전환시켜 대량 발현시켰다. 생산된 혈전용해효소의 최 적활성 pH와 온도는 7.0과 $35^{\circ}C$로 확인되었다, 기질에 대한 분해양상을 조사한 결과 fibrin에서만 특이적으로 강한 분해가 일어났으며, skim milk에서 아주 약한 분해능을 보였으나 blood agar, gelatin, casein에서는 전혀 분해능을 보이지 않았다. 특히 blood agar plate에서 분해능이 없는 것으로 보아 혈액 내에서의 적혈구 파괴현상과 같은 부작용에 대한 위험을 배제할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. BCF-1에 의해 생산된 혈전용해효소는 fibrin 특이적으로 활성을 나타냄을 확인할 수 있으며, 이는 임상적이나 산업적으로 적용하였을 때 부작용에 대한 위험적인 문제는 배제될 수 있으리라 생각된다. A fibrinolytic enzyme gene was isolated from Bacillus subtilis BB-1 by PCR method. Primers for PCR cloning were designed according to pre-identified gene for fibrinolytic enzymes from B. subtilis. The primer sequences were 5'-CGG ATC CGT GAG AGG CAA AAA GGT G-3' and 5'-TGA ATT CTT AAT GTG CTG CTG CTT GTC C-3' as concensus sequences of the fibrinolytic genes of Bacillus species. The PCR product was 1,145 bp and the sequence homology was 99% with nattokinase gene isolated from Japanese natto. The cloned fibrinolytic gene was reconstructed in Bacillus-E. coli shuttle vector, pEB for bulk-production. The fibrinolytic enzyme was purified by FPLC from the cloned B. subtilis 168. The optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme were 7.0 and $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. The fibrinolytic enzyme did not show any activity toward to skim milk, gelatin, casein and blood agar plate. The enzyme specific polyclonal antibody was prepared in rabbit for further assays such as detection of the gene expression in plant cells. This means that the enzyme may be used for health-care such as thrombosis without any hamful effects in the blood vessel.

Fractal 차원과 Variogram을 이용한 암반 불연속면의 굴곡도 특성 서술

이영훈,Lee, Young-Hoon 대한자원환경지질학회 1994 자원환경지질 Vol.27 No.1

There has been considerable research dealing with the influence of surface roughness along surfaces of rock discontinuities in relation to the peak shear strength of rock masses. Concepts accepted recently for measuring such strength include estimation of a roughness coefficient such as developed by Barton's studies. The method for estimation the Joint Roughness Coefficient (JRC) value of a measured roughness profile is subjective. The aim of this research is to estimate the JRC value of the roughness of a surface profile in a rock mass system using an objective method. The study of roughness of surfaces has included measurement of fractal geometric characteristics. Once the irregularity of the surface has been described by the fractal dimension, the spatial variation of the surface irregularities can be described using variogram and drift analysis. An empirical relationships between the roughness profiles of selected JRC ranges and their fractal dimension with variogram and drift were derived. The application of analyses of fractal dimension, variogram and drift was novel for the analysis of roughness profiles. Also, an empirical equation was applied to experimental data.

경동맥 내중막 두께 및 죽종과 심 혈관 질환 위험요인과의 관련성

이영훈,최련화,신민호,권순석,박경수,정슬기,정은경,최진수,Lee, Young-Hoon,Cui, Lian-Hua,Shin, Min-Ho,Kweon, Sun-Seog,Park, Kyeong-Soo,Jeong, Seul-Ki,Chung, Eun-Kyung,Choi, Jin-Su 대한예방의학회 2006 예방의학회지 Vol.39 No.6

Objectives : This study was conducted to examine the association between the carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), plaque and cardiovascular risk factors according to gender and age. Methods : The data used for this study were obtained from 1,507 subjects (691 men, 816 women), aged 20-74 years, who participated in 'Prevalence study of thyroid diseases' in two counties of Jeollanam-do Province during July and August of 2004. The body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) were calculated by anthropometry The blood pressure, pulse rate, pulse pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and fasting blood sugar level were also measured. Ultrasonography was used to measure the carotid artery IMT and plaque. IMT measurements were performed at 6 sites, including both common carotid arteries, and the bulb and internal carotid arteries. The definition of the 'mean IMT' was mean value obtained from these 6 sites. Results : The ${\pm}$ standard deviation IMT values were $0.65{\pm}0.14\;and\;0.60{\pm}0.13mm$ in men and women (p<0.001), respectively. The data were analyzed according to gender and the 50 year age groups. In a multiple linear regression analysis, age and hypertension were positively associated with the mean IMT in both men and women, aged<50 years. Age, total cholesterol and smoking (current) were positively associated with the mean IMT in men $(\geq50\;years)$. Age was positively associated with the mean IMT in women $(\geq50\;years)$, but the HDL cholesterol level was negatively associated. The prevalence of plaques was 44.2%(196/443) in men and 19.4%(89/459) in women, for those greater than 50 years of age. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, age (OR=1.090, 95%CI=1.053-1.129), HDL cholesterol (OR=0.964, 95%CI=0.944-0.984), total cholesterol (OR=1.009, 95%CI=1.002-1.017)and BMI (OH=0.896, 95%CI=0.818-0.983) were independently associated with plaques in men; whereas, age (OR=1.057, 95%CI=1.012-1.103), HDL cholesterol (OR=0.959, 95%CI=0.932-0.986), pulse pressure (OR=1.029, 95%CI=1.007-1.050) and triglycerides (OR=0.531, 95%CI=0.300-0.941) were independently associated with plaques in women. Conclusions: There were significant gender and aging differences in the association between the IMT, plaque and cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, for the prevention of atherosclerosis, selective approaches should be considered with regard to gender and age factors.

구강종양 골절제 환자의 임플란트 수복 시 연조직에 대한 고려사항

이영훈,고경호,허윤혁,박찬진,조리라,Lee, Young-Hoon,Ko, Kyung-Ho,Huh, Yoon-Hyuk,Park, Chan-Jin,Cho, Lee-Ra 대한치과보철학회 2017 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.55 No.4

구강종양을 절제한 경우 악안면 구조의 상실로 인해 발음, 저작, 심미 등 기능장애를 유발하게 되므로 기능회복을 위해 보철 수복이 필요하다. 이때 임플란트를 이용하면 보철물의 효과적인 기능 향상을 기대할 수 있다. 하지만 골절제술을 시행한 후, 이식골의 성공률과는 별개로 연조직이 감염에 취약한 형태를 갖기 쉬우며 이식골은 염증에 이환된 경우 빠른 속도로 파괴가 발생할 수 있다. 성공적인 보철치료를 위해서는 보철치료에 앞서 적절한 연조직 처치와 보철수복 후 잦은 정기검진을 통해 임플란트의 예후와 연관된 각별한 주의가 필요하다. After the resection of oral tumor, defected maxillofacial structure caused functional difficulties including phonetics, mastication and esthetic aspects. In this cases, implant retained prosthesis can contribute to the functional enhancement. Regardless of the success rate in grafted bone, however, the soft tissue usually had a shape which was susceptible to inflammation. Moreover, infected graft bone presented rapid destruction. For success of the prosthetic treatment, adequate soft tissue treatment and frequent recall check are the essential factors to the successful implant prognosis.

방사부의 H형 Silt을 이용한 이동통신 단말기용 이중대역 PIFA 안테나 특성

이영훈,Lee Young-Hun 한국전자파학회 2005 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.16 No.1

In this papers, we study the characteristics of dual band PIFA(Planar Inverted F antenna) for handy phones using H-type silt in the antenna radiators. Slit types on the antenna radiator vary resonance mechanism of the antenna and affect reactance component of impedance for the antenna. Therefore the antennas resonate at the dual band(cellular -band, Korea-PCS band), the bandwidth, input impedance and radiation patterns of the proposed antenna is affected by the silt length on the radiators. In order to demonstrate the validity of the proposed theory, it is implementation the antenna of the 4 types. From results for the experiment of the implementation antenna, -5 dB bandwidth of return loss is content with the allocated bandwidth of Cellular and Korea-PCS system the gains of the antenna is about -8$\~$ - 1 dB, the radiation patterns for x-polarized or y-polarized are omnidirectional pattern. From above the results of this papers, it is conclude mobile phones antenna for handy phones using this papers results. 본 논문에서는 PIFA(Planar Inverted F Antenna)의 방사부에 H형 슬릿을 부가하여 이중대 역 휴대이동전화기의 안테나 특성에 관하여 연구하였다. 안테나 방사부에 위치한 슬릿의 형태에 의하여 안테나의 임피던스의 리액턴스 성분에 영향과 공진 메카니즘을 변형함으로써 안테나의 공진특성에 영향을 준다. 그러므로 안테나는 이중대역(셀룰라 대역, 한국형 PCS 대역)에서 공진하며, 슬릿의 길이와 모양에 의해서 안테나의 대역폭, 입력 임피던스, 방사패턴 등에 영향을 미친다. 따라서 본 논문에서 제시한 이론의 타당성 및 객관성을 증명하기 위해서 H형의 슬릿을 이용하여 4종류의 안테나를 제작하여 실험한 결과 반사손실의 -5 dB 대역폭은 셀룰라 대역과 한국형 PCS 대역을 만족하였고, 안테나 이득은 약 -8$\~$-1 dB이며, x, y 편파에 대한 방사패턴은 대체적으로 전방향 방사패턴을 형성하였다. 따라서 본 논문의 결과를 이용함으로써 단말기용 내장용 안테나로 사용할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

혈압 수준과 경동맥 내중막 두께 및 동맥경화반의 관련성

이영훈,권순석,최진수,이정애,최성우,류소연,신민호,Lee, Young-Hoon,Kweon, Sun-Seog,Choi, Jin-Su,Rhee, Jung-Ae,Choi, Sung-Woo,Ryu, So-Yeon,Shin, Min-Ho 대한예방의학회 2009 예방의학회지 Vol.42 No.5

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the association of blood pressure levels with the common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) and carotid plaques. Methods : Data were obtained from 2,635 subjects, aged 50 years and over, who participated in the Community Health Survey (a population-based, cross-sectional study) in Dong-gu, Gwangju city between 2007 and 2008. Participants were categorized into three groups according to blood pressure levels; normotensives (<120/80 mmHg), prehypertensives (120-139/80-89 mmHg), and hypertensives ($\geq$140/90 mmHg). Prehypertensives were further categorized as low prehypertensives (120-129/80-84 mmHg) and high prehypertensives (130-139/85-89 mmHg). Carotid intima-media thickness and plaques were evaluated with a high-resolution B-mode ultrasound. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square test, ANOVA, and multiple logistic regression. Results : Prehypertensives had significantly greater maximal CCA-IMT values than normotensives, with a multivariate adjusted odds ratio of 1.78 (95% CI=1.36-2.32) for abnormal CCA-IMT (maximal CCA-IMT$\geq$1.0 mm), and 1.45 (95% CI=1.19-1.77) for carotid plaques. The multivariate adjusted odds ratio of low prehypertensives was 1.64 (95% CI=1.21-2.21) for abnormal CCA-IMT, and 1.30 (95% CI=1.04-1.63) for carotid plaques compared with normotensives. Subject with hypertension had higher frequency of abnormal CCA-IMT (odds ratio, 2.18; 95% CI=1.49-3.18), and carotid plaques (odds ratio, 1.98; 95% CI=1.46-2.67) compared with normotensives after adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions : Our results indicate that there is a significant increase in the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with prehypertension (even in low prehypertensives) compared with normotensive subjects. Further studies are required to confirm the benefits and role of carotid ultrasonography in persons with prehypertension.