도시 대기오염의 위해 평가에 있어서 황사효과 분석 -서울시 총사망 및 원인별 사망률에 미치는 영향-

손지영,조용성,김윤신,이종태,김연정,Son, Ji-Young,Cho, Yong-Sung,Kim, Yoon-Shin,Lee, Jong-Tae,Kim, Yeon-Jung 한국환경보건학회 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.4

The objectives of this study were to compare the relative risk of all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality associated with Asian dust events, and especially to investigate the effects on the susceptible population such as the elderly and children, which were based on the data in Seoul from 2000 to 2006. Both of the study periods with/without Asian dust days, respiratory-cause mortality was the highest, followed by cardiovascular-cause mortality and all-cause mortality in sequence among mortality related to air pollution for all-aged group. As to susceptible group, the relative risk of mortality is the highest for +65 yrs group among all-cause mortality. According to comparison of mortality with/without Asian dust days, the relative risk of all-cause mortality is larger in the model with Asian dust days than the one in the model without Asian dust days among all age group (except for under 15 yrs group) and all air pollutants. The relative risk of cause-specific mortality (except for ozone in under 15 yrs group in case of respiratory-cause mortality, and ozone in all age group and over 65 yrs group in case of cardiovascular-cause mortality) per IQR increase of each pollutant is larger in the model without Asian dust days.

우중하엽 폐허탈 및 폐쇄세기관지기질화 폐렴을 유발한 기관지 지방종

손지영 ( Ji Young Son ),정지예 ( Ji Ye Jung ),하유정 ( You Jung Ha ),홍수정 ( Soo Jung Hong ),정민규 ( Min Kyu Jung ),정문재 ( Moon Jae Chung ),서용성 ( Yong Sung Seo ),문지애 ( Ji Ae Moon ),변민광 ( Min Kwang Byun ),박병훈 ( Byun 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2008 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.65 No.4

Lipoma is a common neoplasm in soft tissues. However, an intrapulmonary lipoma is a rare benign tumor. Patients with a bronchial lipoma might have a malignant potential related to their smoking history due to the case reports of lung cancer accompanied with lipoma. Endobronchial lipoma can cause irreversible parenchymal lung damage if not diagnosed and treated early. Therefore, it should initially be treated by fiberoptic bronchoscopy or surgery depending on the status of distal parenchymal lung damage. Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is a pathological syndrome that is defined by the presence of buds of granulation tissue consisting of fibroblasts and collagen within the lumen of the distal air spaces. BOOP is caused by drug intoxication, connective tissue disease, infection, obstructive pneumonia, tumors, or an unknown etiology. We encountered a 58 year-old male patient with endobronchial lipoma, causing the collapse of the right middle and lower lobes, and BOOP due to obstructive pneumonia. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2008;65:313-317)

공간분석 기법을 이용한 대기오염 개인노출추정 방안 소개 및 적용의 사례

손지영(Ji-Young Son),김윤신(Yoon-Shin Kim),조용성(Yong-Sung Cho),이종태(Jong-Tae Lee) 한국대기환경학회 2009 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.25 No.4

애니메이션 영화 겨울왕국과 가디언즈의 흥행 비교 연구

손지영(Son, Ji-young),공용택(Kong, Yong-taeg) 한국문화산업학회 2014 문화산업연구 Vol.14 No.4

문화산업의 대표적 장르인 애니메이션 영화산업은 경제적 수익과 함께 문화적 부가가치가 큰 문화콘텐츠이다. 2014년 겨울, 우리나라에서는 애니메이션 영화 겨울왕국이 극장가를 강타했다. 이 영화는 관객과 매스컴에서 큰 호응을 얻으며 신드롬이라 할 만큼 성공과 함께 겨울돌풍을 일으켰다. 겨울과 얼음이 배경이 된 겨울왕국은 2012년 유사한 소재를 갖고 만들어진 가디언즈라는 애니메이션 영화와는 비교가 되지 않는 흥행성적을 남겼다. 월트디즈니(Walt Disney)의 겨울왕국과 드림웍스(DreamWorks)의 가디언즈 두 작품에서는 계절적 배경과 소재인 겨울과 얼음 그리고 모든 것을 얼려버리는 능력을 갖고 있는 주인공과 그것으로 인해 세상과 고립되어 살아갈 수밖에 없는 주인공의 운명적 설정 등 유사한 성격의 작품이지만 흥행 결과는 확연히 달랐다. 겨울왕국은 국내 애니메이션 역사상 최초로 1천만 관객을 돌파하였고 OST는 음원차트 정상에 올라 흥행에 성공한 반면, 가디언즈는 드림웍스 작품 중 유일한 실패작이라는 혹평을 받으며 드림웍스 역사상 가장 저조한 실적을 남겼다. 이 차이에 대해 본 연구는 우리나라에서 상영된 겨울왕국(Frozen, 2014)과 가디언즈(Rise of the Guardians, 2012)의 흥행 비교를 스토리텔링과 음악(OST) 두 가지 관점에서 분석하였다. 연구결과, 겨울왕국은 쉽게 이야기에 동화될 수 있는 간결한 구조에 자매 간의 사랑을 통한 형제애를 다뤄 국내 관객의 정서와 심리에 잘 맞는 교훈적인 공감대가 형성되는 스토리텔링에 비해 가디언즈는 많은 캐릭터를 통해 일반적 애니메이션 영화의 판타지를 전개하는 메시지의 차이가 있었으며, 음악에서도 겨울왕국은 오스티나토 기법을 사용하여 짧지만 강한 모티브를 계속 반복함으로서 자연스럽게 기억해 낼 수 있는 음악의 효과가 컸다고 할 수 있다. 즉, 단순한 구조지만 쉽고 공감가는 스토리텔링과 음악을 통해 관객에게 즐겁고 유익한 관람을 제공했다고 할 수 있다. 이 외에 디자인, 마케팅 부분과 외부 환경 등 다른 흥행요인들이 있겠으나 영화의 근간을 이루는 스토리텔링과 음악(OST)의 중요성은 흥행에 있어 중요한 역할로 작용함을 보여주고 있다. Typical genre of cultural industries animation film industry is a market value-added together to create a cultural and economic benefits. This year, our country has hit animated film Frozen these theaters. The film is to be called a syndrome caused by winter blast impart a great response from the audience and the media. This winter the ice background movie movies and is named guardian has made a material similar to 2012"s leaving the show sexual incomparable. The Guardians two works of Walt Disney and DreamWorks Frozen in (Walt Disney) (Dream Works) seasonal background, the main material of the ice, and all that because of the character and that it has the ability to live in isolation with no choice but to discard frozen world Although similar material and the destiny of the hero in the background settings, etc. the result is significantly different. Frozen was topped 10 million viewers for the first time in the history of domestic anime OST, while successful show up at the top music charts, Guardians will receive only a failure of scarification of DreamWorks DreamWorks works best left to the history of poor performance. If so, this study is about what the difference is animated Frozen (Frozen 2014) and the Guardians (Rise of the Guardians 2012) to compare the two films show telling the story of themusic (OST) to analyze from two perspectives: said. Analysis, the decisive factor of the Guardians Frozen and show a short but using a good fit didactic consensus is formed ohseuti NATO storytelling and emotional and psychological techniques to deal with the Brotherhood of the Sisters of the domestic audience repeat a strong motive to continue by can be called the power ofmusic which can be naturally remembered. Empathy is easy going nature animated storytelling andmusic can provide a fun and informative tour that audience. In addition to these figures, graphics and external environment and the importance of design and other factors that could but showthe importance of telling the story underlying the filmandmusic (OST) is found to be an important role in the box office. 문화산업의 대표적 장르인 애니메이션 영화산업은 경제적 수익과 함께 문화적 부가가치가 큰 문화콘텐츠이다. 2014년 겨울, 우리나라에서는 애니메이션 영화 겨울왕국이 극장가를 강타했다. 이 영화는 관객과 매스컴에서 큰 호응을 얻으며 신드롬이라 할 만큼 성공과 함께 겨울돌풍을 일으켰다. 겨울과 얼음이 배경이 된 겨울왕국은 2012년 유사한 소재를 갖고 만들어진 가디언즈라는 애니메이션 영화와는 비교가 되지 않는 흥행성적을 남겼다. 월트디즈니(Walt Disney)의 겨울왕국과 드림웍스(DreamWorks)의 가디언즈 두 작품에서는 계절적 배경과 소재인 겨울과 얼음 그리고 모든 것을 얼려버리는 능력을 갖고 있는 주인공과 그것으로 인해 세상과 고립되어 살아갈 수밖에 없는 주인공의 운명적 설정 등 유사한 성격의 작품이지만 흥행 결과는 확연히 달랐다. 겨울왕국은 국내 애니메이션 역사상 최초로 1천만 관객을 돌파하였고 OST는 음원차트 정상에 올라 흥행에 성공한 반면, 가디언즈는 드림웍스 작품 중 유일한 실패작이라는 혹평을 받으며 드림웍스 역사상 가장 저조한 실적을 남겼다. 이 차이에 대해 본 연구는 우리나라에서 상영된 겨울왕국(Frozen, 2014)과 가디언즈(Rise of the Guardians, 2012)의 흥행 비교를 스토리텔링과 음악(OST) 두 가지 관점에서 분석하였다. 연구결과, 겨울왕국은 쉽게 이야기에 동화될 수 있는 간결한 구조에 자매 간의 사랑을 통한 형제애를 다뤄 국내 관객의 정서와 심리에 잘 맞는 교훈적인 공감대가 형성되는 스토리텔링에 비해 가디언즈는 많은 캐릭터를 통해 일반적 애니메이션 영화의 판타지를 전개하는 메시지의 차이가 있었으며, 음악에서도 겨울왕국은 오스티나토 기법을 사용하여 짧지만 강한 모티브를 계속 반복함으로서 자연스럽게 기억해 낼 수 있는 음악의 효과가 컸다고 할 수 있다. 즉, 단순한 구조지만 쉽고 공감가는 스토리텔링과 음악을 통해 관객에게 즐겁고 유익한 관람을 제공했다고 할 수 있다. 이 외에 디자인, 마케팅 부분과 외부 환경 등 다른 흥행요인들이 있겠으나 영화의 근간을 이루는 스토리텔링과 음악(OST)의 중요성은 흥행에 있어 중요한 역할로 작용함을 보여주고 있다. Typical genre of cultural industries animation film industry is a market value-added together to create a cultural and economic benefits. This year, our country has hit animated film Frozen these theaters. The film is to be called a syndrome caused by winter blast impart a great response from the audience and the media. This winter the ice background movie movies and is named guardian has made a material similar to 2012"s leaving the show sexual incomparable. The Guardians two works of Walt Disney and DreamWorks Frozen in (Walt Disney) (Dream Works) seasonal background, the main material of the ice, and all that because of the character and that it has the ability to live in isolation with no choice but to discard frozen world Although similar material and the destiny of the hero in the background settings, etc. the result is significantly different. Frozen was topped 10 million viewers for the first time in the history of domestic anime OST, while successful show up at the top music charts, Guardians will receive only a failure of scarification of DreamWorks DreamWorks works best left to the history of poor performance. If so, this study is about what the difference is animated Frozen (Frozen 2014) and the Guardians (Rise of the Guardians 2012) to compare the two films show telling the story of themusic (OST) to analyze from two perspectives: said. Analysis, the decisive factor of the Guardians Frozen and show a short but using a good fit didactic consensus is formed ohseuti NATO storytelling and emotional and psychological techniques to deal with the Brotherhood of the Sisters of the domestic audience repeat a strong motive to continue by can be called the power ofmusic which can be naturally remembered. Empathy is easy going nature animated storytelling andmusic can provide a fun and informative tour that audience. In addition to these figures, graphics and external environment and the importance of design and other factors that could but showthe importance of telling the story underlying the filmandmusic (OST) is found to be an important role in the box office.

대기오염 지표로서의 시정과 일별 호흡기계 사망간의 연관성에 관한 시계열적 연구

조용성(Yong-Sung Cho),정창훈(Chang-Hoon Jung),손지영(Ji-Young Son),전영신(Youngsin Chun),이종태(Jong-Tae Lee) 한국대기환경학회 2007 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.23 No.5

천식 환자에서 전반적 자기 평가와 한국 성인 천식 환자의 삶의 질 평가 설문과의 비교 분석

정지예 ( Ji Ye Jung ),손지영 ( Ji Young Son ),홍수정 ( Soo Jung Hong ),이용원 ( Yong Won Lee ),신유섭 ( Yu Seob Sin ),박중원 ( Jung Won Park ),홍천수 ( Chein Soo Hong ) 대한천식알레르기학회 2008 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.28 No.2

Background: The Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adult Korean Asthmatics (QLQAKA) is a valid and reproducible tool for evaluating and monitoring Korean adult asthmatics. However, the questionnaire is still burden to some patients, so we developed a simplified global self-assessment scoring. Objective: The goal of this study is to compare the patient``s global self-assessment scoring method with the QLQAKA and evaluate how it reflects quality of life (QOL) of asthmatics. Method: One hundred ninety-nine adult asthmatics were enrolled and asked to answer the QLQAKA composed of 17 items in 4 domains (activity, symptom, emotion and exposure to environmental stimuli) and one more global self-assessment question with a 5-point scale was added. According to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2006 guidelines, patients were divided into 3 groups: controlled, partly controlled and uncontrolled groups. Then, we analyzed the relationships between the QLQAKA scores, global self-assessment scores and various clinical parameters. Result: The mean QLQAKA score and global self-assessment score were statistically significantly different between the 3 groups. Pulmonary function tests were also statistically significantly different between the 5 QLQAKA score subgroups as well as 5 self-assessment score subgroups. Moreover, global self-assessment scores were well correlated with QLQAKA scores. Conclusion: In a busy outpatient clinic, we may estimate the QOL of asthma patients using a simplified patient``s global self-assessment scoring method. (Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;28:134-142)

대기오염 노출이 첫 출산아 저체중에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 -서울지역 1999년~2003년 출생코호트를 중심으로-

조용성,손지영,이종태,Cho, Yong-Sung,Son, Ji-Young,Lee, Jong-Tae 한국환경보건학회 2007 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.33 No.4

Recent epidemiologic studies show that gestational exposure to air pollution adversely affects pregnancy outcomes including low birth weight in preform birth. In this study, we evaluated the effect of air pollutants on LBW (low birth weight) on firstborn fetus throughout the gestational period using the birth cohort between 1999 and 2003 in Seoul. Using birth cohort data from the National Statistics Office of Korea we identified 288,346 firstborn births (excluded missing data on lack of information for birth weight and discordance between residential and certificated address from a total of 316,451) during 1999 to 2003 with complete covariate (gender, parity, date of birth, gestational age, parental age and educational level, maternal occupation etc.) and maternal residential history data. Our subjects were defined as more than 37 weeks and less than 44 weeks of completed gestation and we identified 5,457 persons (1.89%) by low birth weight (<2.5 kg) in this study. Using logistic regression, we estimated the risk of mean (entire pregnancy and trimester period) air pollution concentrations for CO, $O_3,\;PM_{10},\;NO_2\;and\;SO_2$. In terms of trimester-specific exposure, we found that some air pollutants exposure in each trimester would increase the risk for LBW. Results also showed that the effect size of air pollutants exposure during the first and third trimester is higher than during the second trimester. In all trimester, the estimated risk of LBW was 1.831 (95% CI=1.573-2.132) with unit increase for CO, 1.139 (95% CI=1.107-1.172) for 50, and 1.009 (95% CI=1.001-1.017) for $O_3$. Our results suggest that exposure during the gestation period to relatively low levels of some air pollutants may be associated with a reduction in birth weight on first-born fetus. These findings implicate the effective risk management strategies should be applied to minimize the public health impacts for pregnant women.

메타분석을 적용한 전국 7개 대도시의 대기오염과 일일사망발생의 상관성 연구(1998년$\sim$2001년)

조용성,이종태,손지영,김윤신,Cho, Yong-Sung,Lee, Jong-Tae,Son, Ji-Young,Kim, Yoon-Shin 한국환경보건학회 2006 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.32 No.4

This study is performed to reexamine the association between ambient air pollution and daily mortality in seven major cities of Korea using a method of meta-analysis with the data filed for the period 1998-2001. These cities account for half of the Korean population (about 23 million). The observed concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO, mean=1.08 ppm), ozone ($O_3$, mean=33.97 ppb), particulate matter less than 10 ${\mu}m$ ($PM_{10},\;mean=57.11\;{\mu}g/m^3$), nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$, mean=25.09 ppb), and sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$, mean=9.14 ppb) during the study period were at levels below Korea's current ambient air quality standards. Generalized additive models were applied to allow for the highly flexible fitting of seasonal and long-term time trends in air pollution as well as nonlinear associations with weather variables, such as air temperature and relative humidity. Also, we calculated a weighted mean as a meta-analysis summary of the estimates and its standard error. In city-specific analyses, an increase of $41.17{\mu}g/m^3(IQR)\;of\;PM_{10}$ corresponded to $1{\sim}12%$ more deaths, given constant weather conditions. Like most of air pollution epidemiologic studies, this meta-analysis cannot avoid fleeing from measurement misclassification since no personal measurement was taken. However, we can expect that a measurement bias be reduced in district-specific estimate since a monitoring station is better representative of air quality of the matched district. Significant heterogeneity was found for the effect of all pollutants. The estimated relative risks from meta-like analysis increased compared to those relative risks from pooled analysis. The similar results to those from the previous studies indicated existence of health effect of air pollution at current levels in many industrialized countries, including Korea.

지역주민 환경오염 노출수준 및 생체지표 모니터링 방법에 대한 연구 -울산지역을 중심으로-

이종태,조용성,손지영,이정원,이승준,정영희,김대선,유승도,안승철,Lee, Jong-Tae,Cho, Yong-Sung,Son, Ji-Young,Lee, Joung-Won,Lee, Seung-Jun,Chung, Young-Hee,Kim, Dae-Seon,Yu, Seung-Do,Ahn, Seung-Chul 한국환경보건학회 2008 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.34 No.3

Since 2003, the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) of Korea has been conducting "The monitoring study on exposure level and biomarkers of environmental pollutants" in the Ulsan industrial complex with the goals to establish a surveillance system for residents, to evaluate the health effects associated with chronic exposure to environmental pollutants and to develop the environmental health indicators in Ulsan industrial complex. This program consists of three phases an initial or foundation phase in which the program is developed, made operational and extended to the community, followed by an evaluation and accountability assessment of the surveillance system and finally an improvement in the quality of life and the maintenance of good health for Ulsan residents. In the period 2003 to 2008, the study program developed the surveillance system which will be used for the full-length survey. All participants in this study were contacted at a presentation meeting for residents, introduced to the objectives and protocols of the survey, and asked to participate. Informed consent was obtained from each participant. The study is now underway and includes questionnaires, health examinations and the analysis/collection/banking of bio-sample such as blood and urine. To date 828 subjects have participated and already 588 subjects have been followed up. We are committed to complete health examinations and to arrange storage of biosample for all participants. During the current year, we will analyze metals (Pb in blood and Cd, inorganic As and Hg in urine) in 1,972 samples and VOCs (11 species) and PARs (18 species) in 300 samples (blood sample). Moreover, the summary of the first step and the further preparation of the second step are currently underway. In this article, we introduce the study and its protocols and the distribution and size of the study participants. In conclusion, this survey will be continuously conducted on the established cohort and will enable the identification of relationship between environmental pollutant exposures and the health status of residents in Ulsan industrial complex.

하천 수질 및 부하량에 미치는 유역 내 오염원의 영향

한미덕(Mi Deok Han),손지영(Jee Young Son),류지철(Ji Chul Ryu),안기홍(Ki Hong Ahn),김용석(Yong Seok Kim) 大韓環境工學會 2014 대한환경공학회지 Vol.36 No.9

본 연구에서는 진위천 수계내 5개 하천의 13개 지점에서 2013년 1월부터 12월 사이에 조사된 자료를 바탕으로 수질 및 부하량에 미치는 유역 내 오염원의 영향을 평가하였다. 수질과 부하량의 계절별 변화를 평가하기 위해서 크러스컬-월리스 기법(Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test)을 사용하였고 오염원과 유달부하량 사이의 관계를 분석하기 위해서 피어슨 상관분석 기법 (Pearson correlation analysis)을 활용하였다. 부하량의 계절 변동성은 타 수질항목 대비 SS, TN, TOC가 유의수준 1% 이내로 높게 나타났다. 상관성분석에서는 수질항목별로 차이를 보였으나 거주인구와 하수처리장 방류량이 가장 높은 양의 상관계수를 보였으며 이러한 경향성은 하천유량이 적은 봄철과 겨울철에 더 높은 유의성을 나타냈다. 유역내 수질 향상을 위해서는 2012년부터 실시되고 있는 오염총량관리제도와 같은 유역관리제도의 유지 및 하수처리시설과 산업폐수처리시설로부터의 배출수의 적절한 관리가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. We examined the effects of pollutants into sub-basin on the water quality and loading based on data surveyed during January-December 2013 from 13 sites of 5 streams in the Jinwi watershed. We used the contour plot and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test to analyze seasonal variation of water quality and loading and Pearson correlation analysis to assess the relationships between pollutants and loadings. The significantly higher seasonal variation were SS, TN and TOC as compared to other water quality constituents (P < 0.001). A significant interaction existed between the effects of human population and the effects of discharge of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) on water quality and loading, especially for the spring and winter seasons. It is necessary to control discharge water of sewage and wastewater from industrial facilities and to make full use of the watershed management system such as TMDLs in operation since 2012 for improvement in stream water quality.