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내막파열을 동반하지 않은 대동맥 박리 ( 대동맥 벽내출혈 ) 에 대한 임상적 고찰
황경국(Kyung Kuk Hwang),박대균(Dae Gyun Park),연태진(Tae Jin Yeun),조영석(Young Seok Cho),손대원(Dae Won Sohn),김효수(Hyo Soo Kim),김철호(Cheol Ho Kim),오병희(Byung Hee Oh),이명묵(Myoung Mook Lee),박영배(Young Bae Park),최윤식(Yun Sh 대한내과학회 1998 대한내과학회지 Vol.54 No.1
Objectives: This study was performed to verify the incidence and prognosis of aortic dissection without intimal tear (aortic intramural hemorrhage, IMH) who took only medical treatment in special referrence to Stanford type A. Methods: We analysed the patients of IMH confirmed by TEE, CT, MRI, angiography or CT-angiography in Seoul National University Hospital between 1987 and l9%, retrospectively. Results: The diagnosis of IMH was estabilished in 20 of 143 patients(14%). Nine patients were Stanford type A, 11 patients were type B. The longitudinal extent varied between 8 and 30cm, and IMH size varied between 10 and 3mm. Surgery was performed in two of type A patients because of persistent chest pain and one of type B patients because of progressive aortic dilatation despite of medical treatment. Follow-up imaging studies (mean follow-up period of 20.0±22.0 months) were done in 10/17 patients who were treated medicaliy. Complete resolution of IMH was observed in seven cases, four of them were Stanford type A, and the mean size of IMH was 12mm(10-17mm). Partial resolution was observed in one case, Stanford type A, with the IMH size of 15mm. There was no significant change in the size of IMH in two cases. Initial mean size of IMH was 25mm. In no case, aortic rupture or death was observed during the follow up period. Conclusion: In the management of the patient with MH, same surgical indications as classic aortic dissection have been advocated based on similar prognosis. However our study showed better prognosis in IMH patients treated medically compared to the previous publications. Therefore, even in cases of proximal IMH. medical treatment should be seriously considered.
황경국(Kyung Kuk Hwang),김효수(Hyo Soo Kim),서정욱(Jung Uk Seo),채인호(In Ho Chae),손대원(Dae Won Sohn),오병희(Byung Hee Oh),이명묵(Myoung Mook Lee),박영배(Young Bae Park),최윤식(Yun Shik Choi),서정돈(Jung Don Seo),이영우(Young Woo L 대한내과학회 1998 대한내과학회지 Vol.55 No.6
Background: The mechanism of the closure of umbilical vessels is known to be multifactorial. In order to verify that apoptosis is one of the possible closure mechanisms, we studied to identify apoptosis in umbilical vessels and evaluate its mechanism by studying apoptosis-related gene and the relationship between the pattern of apoptosis and gestational age (GA). Methods: Twelve umbilical cords of GA of 37-42 weeks were obtained immediatly (less than 10 min. for minimal ongoing external influences) after birth. The presence of apoptotic cells was demonstrated by electron microscopy (EM) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Immnohistochemical staining and Western blotting were used for the analysis of the proteins of apoptosis-related gene. Results: Apoptosis of the smooth muscle cells of media and intima of umbilical vessels was identified at EM, regardless of GA from 37 to 42 weeks. The proportion of TUNEL(+) cells was 80% in intima, 40% in media, 80% in connective tissue of umbilical cord. The expressions of bax-a, bcl-Xs/L were strong in intima, in media and connective tissue, but those of bcl-2 were detected in only in connective tissue, regardless of GA in immunohistochemistry. The ratios of expressions of bax- a to bc1-2, bcl-Xs to bcl-XL, did not change with increasing GA from 37 to 42 weeks in Western blot- ting. Conclusion: Apoptosis was identified in umbilical vessels. The closure of umbilical vessels can be explained by apoptosis where the ratios of bax-a/bcl-2, bcl-Xs/ bcl-XL play an important role. The fact that there were no differences in the extent of apoptosis and the expressions of bax-a/bcl-2, bcl-Xs/bcl-XL according to GA, suggests that apoptosis of umbilical vessels is more dependent on the external stimuli during delivery than GA.
최낙정,손효수,Hyun-Jun Choi,김경국,이성남 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.3
We comparatively investigated the crystal and the optical properties of nonpolar (10-10) ZnOfilms grown on m-plane sapphire substrates by using atomic layer deposition (ALD) and radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. From high-resolution X-ray !/2 scans, the (100) peak ofthe ALD-grown ZnO film was clearly developed at 15.9 while that of the RF sputter-grownZnO was broadly observed at 15.6 15.9, indicating that a nonpolar (10-10) ZnO film would bepreferentially grown on an m-plane sapphire substrate. The photoluminescence bandedge emissionintensity of the ALD-grown (10-10) ZnO film was ten times higher than that of the RF sputtergrownZnO film. In addition, the electroluminescence intensity of a semipolar (11-22) GaN-basedlight-emitting diode (LED) with an ALD-grown (10-10) ZnO film as a transparent conductive oxidematerial was much higher than that of a semipolar (11-22) GaN-based LED with RF sputter-grown(10-10) ZnO film.
오상승,손경국,조근태 한국지급결제학회 2022 지급결제학회지 Vol.14 No.1
The payment market is evolving from fintech-dominated era to the one characterized by the rivalries between big tech platforms. The emergence of internet-only banks, open banking, financial regulatory sandbox and other innovative financial policy are serving as the gateway for big tech companies. Building up on the core service named “payment service”, these companies have made a success with asset management, insurance, credit scoring, etc., providing consumers with an unprecedented level of simplicity in financial experiences. Big techs are offering innovative services tailored to customers’ needs based on DNA loop, and as a distribution channel for financial products, they are playing a key part in making the conventional payment market increasingly competitive with efficient banking services. Not only does this pose a great threat to the industry, including banks, but it also presents huge challenges ranging from issues related to consumer protection, side-effects to managing payment system risks. Looking into where Big Techs stand in the payment market, this paper is attempting to propose Big Tech’s deposit protection model that could address consumer protection issues and reduce side-effects of their presence. In the section covering the current state of Big Techs, provision of financial services by global Big Tech companies, stories behind success of their financial services (DNA loop), and transformation of financial industry’s landscape fueled by the advent of them will be discussed. In addition, we will also assess how far discussion on consumer protection has progressed at home and abroad against the backdrop of failures of domestic and international Big techs. Lastly, the paper will propose a model that could improve Big techs’ protection of consumers with a focus on consumer deposits, among other financial service models. How Big techs should protect consumers should continue to be brought up going forward, and it is a matter to be addressed through a social consensus. Discussing ways to strengthen consumer protection while encouraging innovative financial services through academic papers, exchanging views with the industry and other research methods will prove to be meaningful, particularly at this time. 지급결제시장은 핀테크시대를 지나 빅테크 중심의 플랫폼경쟁시대에 돌입하고 있다. 인터넷전문은행의 등장, 오픈뱅킹의 시행, 금융규제샌드박스 등 혁신적인 금융정책은 빅테크기업이 지급결제시장에 진출할 수 있는 길을 마련해 주었다. 빅테크 기업은 금융결제시장의 핵심서비스인 지급결제서비스를 교두보로 자산관리, 보험, 신용평가 등 금융시장에 성공적으로 진출하였고 이는 금융소비자에게 막대한 편의를 제공하고 있다. 빅테크 기업은 DNA루프를 바탕으로 고객에게 맞춤형 혁신서비스를 제공하고 있고, 금융상품 유통채널을 담당하며 뱅킹서비스를 효율적으로 공급하여 기존의 지급결제시장을 경쟁적으로 만드는 데 큰 역할을 수행하고 있다. 하지만 이는 은행 등 전통적인 금융업권에 큰 도전이 됨과 동시에 규제기관에게 소비자 보호, 부작용의 해결, 지급결제시스템 리스크 관리 등의 어려운 과제를 안겨주고 있다. 이에 본 고에서는 지급결제 시장에서 빅테크의 현황, 소비자 보호 이슈에 대해 살펴보고 부작용을 완화할 수 있는 빅테크 예탁금 보호 모델을 제안해보고자 한다. 빅테크 현황부분에서는 글로벌 빅테크의 금융서비스 제공 현황, 빅테크가 성공적으로 금융서비스를 제공할 수 있었던 배경(DNA 루프), 빅테크 등장에 따른 금융산업지형의 변화를 살펴본다. 또한 국외 빅테크 기업의 실패 사례를 알아보며 국내외 빅테크 소비자 보호에 대한 논의는 얼마나 진전되었는지 확인해본다. 마지막으로 빅테크 금융서비스 모델 중 이용자 예탁금에 집중하여 빅테크 소비자 보호를 강화할 수 있는 모델을 제안해본다. 빅테크 소비자 보호 이슈는 앞으로도 꾸준히 논의되어야 하며 여러 의견을 수렴한 사회적인 합의를 통해 해결되어야 할 문제이다. 이러한 시기에 학계의 논문, 금융업권과의 의견 교류, 다양한 연구방법을 통해 소비자 보호를 강화하면서 혁신적인 금융서비스는 유도할 수 있는 방안에 대해 논의해보는 것은 의미 있는 일이 될 것이다.
알코올 의존 환자에서 알코올 갈망에 흡연이 미치는 영향
최호진,이창화,정범석,손경국,손정현,조현,최형식,최경숙 대한신경정신의학회 2009 신경정신의학 Vol.48 No.6
Objectives This study aimed to determine the effects of smoking on alcohol cravings in alcoholdependent individuals. Methods Study participants were 123 male smokers, 18 to 65 years of age, diagnosed with alcohol dependence. The study questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics, alcohol drinking habits, smoking habits, the Korean Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS), the 12-item Tobacco Craving Questionnaire (12-item TCQ), and the Fagerstrőm Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). We divided the subjects into high-OCDS score and low-OCDS score groups. Results The high-OCDS group had a higher alcohol drinking frequency and greater average amount of alcohol consumed than did the low-OCDS group. Also, the high-OCDS group smoked a higher average number of cigarettes per day and had higher 12-item TCQ scores and FTND scores. Logistic regression analysis showed scores of the 12-item TCQ and the FTND were the most significant variables for predicting alcohol cravings. Conclusion This study shows that alcohol cravings are significantly related to cigarette cravings and to severity of nicotine dependence.