상승된 경악 반응에서의 내측 슬상핵의 역할

김재일,김현택,김기석 한국심리학회 한국심리학회지 생물 및 생리 Vol.4 No.1

많은 이전 연구들은, 청시상의 일부인 내측 슬상핵의 손상이 청각 CS에 대한 조건화된 차별서맥반응, 동맥반응, 동결반응 등을 차단시킴을 보고하고, 내측 슬상핵이 청각 CS를 사용한 정서 조건화에 관여하는 신경구조물임을 밝혀왔다. 그러나, 내측 슬상핵에서 조건화 동안 MUA가 발달하고, 기억의 신경 생리학적 기제로 인정되고 있는 LTP가 일어나며, 해부학적으로 청각 CS와 전기쇼크 US를 모두 입력받는 등 단순한 출력 구조물이 아닌 가소성의 장소일 가능성이 높다. 따라서 실험 1은 상승된 경악반응 패러다임을 이용하여 내측 슬상핵을 전해질 손상시켰을 때에도 조건화된 정서반응인 상승된 경악반응이 일어나는지를 살펴보았다. 먼저 청각 CS와 발바닥 전기쇼크 US를 짝지워 제시하는 조건화시행을 이틀에 걸쳐 실시한 후 내측 슬상핵을 전해질 손상받은 집단은, 모의 손상 집단이나 무처치 집단에 비해서, 차후의 검사시행때 경악반응의 상승률에 있어서 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 실험 2는 내측 슬상핵이 정서 조건화에 있어서 단순한 회로의 일부가 아닌 가소성의 장소임을 확인하기 위해 실시하였는데, 조건화 시행전과 검사시행전에 LTP를 차단하는 NMDA 수용기 길항제인 AP-5 혹은 saline을 쥐의 내측 슬살핵에 주입하였다. 실험결과 조건화전 AP-5 주입된 집단(AP-5/AP-5 집단, AP-5/saline 집단)은 조건화전 saline이 주입된 집단(saline/saline 집단, saline/AP-5 집단)에 비해서 경악반응의 상승률에 있어서 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 내측 슬상핵이 청각 CS를 사용한 정서 조건화에서 가소성 구조물임을 시사한다. In many previous studies, it has been reported that lesions of the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) which is the part of acoustic thalmaus blocked conditioned emotional response, such as differential bradycardiac response, blood pressure, and freezing response. So, it has been suggested that MGN is a neural structure that is involved in conditioned emotional responses. But, considering MUA and LTP are developed in MGN during conditioning and MGN receives convergent acoustic CS and electrical US input, it may be regarded that MGN is a structure of plasticity, not simply a neural structure. The purpose of this was to indentify the roles of MGN whin the neural circuit involved in fear when it used fear-potentiated startle response as a measure of fear. In experiment 1, after the conditioning that paired acoustc CS with electrical shock US, electrolytic bilateral lesions were administered to the MGN. Results were that the unoperated group and the sham surgery group showed fear-potentiated startle response, but on the other hand the lesioned group did not. In experiment 2, AP-5, which blocks LTP as a NMDA receptor antagonist, was microinjected to MGN before conditioning trials and test trial. Results revealed that the animals which AP-5 was microinjected before conditioning trials did not show potentiated startle response, but the animal which AP-5 was microinjected before test trial did. These observations consist with previous reports that NMDA receptor antagonist blocked acquisition not performance of learning. So it can be concluded that these findings indicate MGN is a structure of neural plasticity as well as a neural structure in emotion conditioning using acoustic CS and electrical shock US.

정책논단 : 새 정부 1년의 평가 ; 소통하는 투명한 정부의 성과와 전망

김재일 한국정책학회 2013 The KAPS Vol.35 No.-

VTS와 마인드 모델에 대한 분석연구

김재일,김재수 한국항해항만학회 2013 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.춘계

상황에 따라 사회적 구조가 바뀌는 것은 우리 사회가 역동성을 띠고 있다고 할 수 있다. 어떤 조직이나 마찬가지이지만 상호 소통하기 위해 커뮤니케이션의 중요성은 막대하다. 이러한 커뮤니케이션의 중요성은 VTS에서도 찾아볼 수 있는데, 상황을 마인드 모델에 적용시켜 VTS가 가지는 특수한 상황을 분석하고, 심리적으로 적용하여 VTSO와 user와의 관계에 좀 더 신뢰를 쌓을 수 있는 방안을 모색해 보았다.

PET/MRI에 있어 MRI 조영제가 PET에 미치는 영향

김재일,김인수,이홍재,김진의,Kim, Jae Il,Kim, In Soo,Lee, Hong Jae,Kim, Jin Eui 대한핵의학기술학회 2014 핵의학 기술 Vol.18 No.1

PET/MRI에서는 MRI의 진단적 가치를 높이기 위해 T1 조영제를 사용하고 있다. PET의 감쇠 보정을 위해 T1 시컨스 계열인 VIBE DIXON은 조영제에 직접적으로 영향을 미치지만, 실제 ${\mu}-map$과 감쇠 보정된 PET 영상에는 큰 변화가 없었다. 그러므로 PET/MRI 검사시 조영제 사용은 PET 데이터 얻기 전 후 언제든 사용할 수 있을 것이다. Purpose: Integrated PET/MRI has been developed recently has become a lot of help to the point oncologic, neological, cardiological nuclear medicine. By using this PET/MRI, a ${\mu}-map$ is created some special MRI sequence which may be divided parts of the body for attenuation correction. However, because an MRI contrast agent is necessary in order to obtain an more MRI information, we will evaluate to see an effect of SUV on PET image that corrected attenuation by MRI with contrast agent. Materials and Methods: As PET/MRI machine, Biograph mMR (Siemens, Germany) was used. For phantom test, 1mCi $^{18}F-FDG$ was injected in cylinderical uniformity phantom, and then acquire PET data about 10 minutes with VIBE-DIXON, UTE MRI sequence image for attenuation correction. T1 weighted contrast media, 4 cc DOTAREM (GUERBET, FRANCE) was injected in a same phatnom, and then PET data, MRI data were acquired by same methodes. Using this PET, non-contrast MRI and contrast MRI, it was reconstructed attenuation correction PET image, in which we evanuated the difference of SUVs. Additionally, for let a high desity of contrast media, 500 cc 2 plastic bottles were used. We injected $^{18}F-FDG$ with 5 cc DOTAREM in first bottle. At second bottle, only $^{18}F-FDG$ was injected. and then we evaluated a SUVs reconstructed by same methods. For clinical patient study, rectal caner-pancreas cancer patients were selected. we evaluated SUVs of PET image corrected attenuastion by contrast weighted MRI and non-contrast MRI. Results: For a phantom study, although VIBE DIXON MRI signal with contrast media is 433% higher than non-contrast media MRI, the signals intensity of ${\mu}-map$, attenuation corrected PET are same together. In case of high contrast media density, image distortion is appeared on ${\mu}-map$ and PET images. For clinical a patient study, VIBE DIXON MRI signal on lesion portion is increased in 495% by using DOTAREM. But there are no significant differences at ${\mu}-map$, non AC PET, AC-PET image whether using contrast media or not. In case of whole body PET/MRI study, %diff between contras and non contrast MRAC at lung, liver, renal cortex, femoral head, myocardium, bladder, muscle are -4.32%, -2.48%, -8.05%, -3.14%, 2.30%, 1.53%, 6.49% at each other. Conclusion: In integrated PET/MRI, a segmentation ${\mu}-map$ method is used for correcting attenuation of PET signal. although MRI signal for attenuation correciton change by using contrast media, ${\mu}-map$ will not change, and then MRAC PET signal will not change too. Therefore, MRI contrast media dose not affect for attenuation correction PET. As well, not only When we make a flow of PET/MRI protocol, order of PET and MRI sequence dose not matter, but It's possible to compare PET images before and after contrast agent injection.

유방암에서 E-cadherin과 beta-catenin의 임상적 의의

김재일,송병주,김철남,장석효 대한외과학회 2001 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2001 No.5

위장관 자율신경 종양 2예의 임상 경험

김재일,김지일,김기홍,박영진,송병주,이명수,김철남,이우진,김한성,박성혜,장석효 대한외과학회 2002 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2002 No.5

제1부 / 국문초록 / 주제발표 : 서비스산업의 현황과 서비스품질

김재일,이유재,김주영 한국소비자학회 1996 서비스 경쟁력과 소비자 Vol.- No.-

해운업에 있어서 전략적 제휴에 관한 연구

김재일 韓國經營硏究所 1998 經營論集 Vol.32 No.3

효율적 소비자 반응 시스템(Efficient Consumer Response System)의 현황 및 도입

金載一 韓國經營硏究所 1997 經營論集 Vol.31 No.3-4

골수강내 금속정을 이용한 경골 근위간부 골절치료의 문제점

김재일,권진우,손경태,신승호 대한골절학회 1999 대한골절학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Proximal shaft fractures of the tibia have a high incidence of complication and often result in poor outcomes. Plate fixation and locked intramedullary nailing are the most common methods of treatment, but now the latter is more popular because of soft tissue problem, osteomyelitis etc.. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of locked intramedullary nailing in the treatment of proximal shaft fractures of the tibia and to draw a conclusion that what type of fracture patterns are the appropriate indication of nailing. We analyzed 18 proximal shaft fractures of the tibia which were treated by locked intramedullary nailing from October 1991 to March 1997 and followed more than 12 months. The results were as follows; The complications were occurred in 12 cases(66.6%); 4 cases of delayed or non-union, 8 of angular deformity, 1 of leg length discrepancy. Delayed or non-unions were caused by fracture site comminution and bone defect. 5 anterior angular deformities were due to the pulling of the knee extensor mechanism and 3 valgus deformities were due to medially located entry portal. In conclusion, since locked intramedullary nailing in proximal tibial fractures causes a high incidence of complications, it is recommended in transverse or undisplaced fractures. And plate fixation and bone graft will be recommended in comminuted or displaced oblique fractures, if soft tissue condition is permitted.