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AlGaAs/GaAs HBT를 사용한 10Gbit/s 리미팅증폭기
곽봉신,박문수 대한전자공학회 1997 電子工學會論文誌, D Vol.d34 No.7
A 10Gbit/s limiting amplifier IC for optical transmission system was implemented with AlGaAs HBT (heterojunction bipolar transistor) technology. HBTs with 2x10.mu. $m^{2}$ and 6x20.mu. $m^{2}$ emitter size were used. The HBT structures are based on metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) epitxy and employ a mesa structure with self-aligned emitter/base and sidewall dielectric passivation. IC was designed to support differnetial input and output. Small signal performance of the packaged IC showed 26dB gain and $f_{3dB}$ of 8GHz. A single ouput has 800m $V_{p-p}$ swing with more than 26dB dynamic range. The performance of the limiting amplifier was verified through single mode fiber320km transmission link test.est.
곽봉신,황다현,이수정,최혁준,박호영,신광순 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Journal of medicinal food Vol.22 No.5
To examine the anti-metastatic activities of polysaccharides in broccoli, purified polysaccharides (BCE-I, -II, and -III) were isolated by fractionation of broccoli enzyme extracts and subsequent ethanol precipitation. BCE-I mainly consisted of galactose and arabinose, whereas BCE-II mainly consisted of galacturonic acid and rhamnose, and BCE-III mainly consisted of rhamnose and galactose. Of the three fractions, stimulation of murine peritoneal macrophages by BCE-I showed the greatest enhancement of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-12, and IL-6 secretion. In addition, intravenous (i.v.) administration of BCE-I enhanced the lethal activity of natural killer (NK) cells on YAC-1 tumor cells significantly and dose-dependently in an ex vivo experiment of NK cell activity. In an experimental model using lung metastasis of Colon26-M3.1 carcinoma cells, prophylactic i.v. and oral administration of BCE-I significantly and dose-dependently inhibited lung metastatic activity. Furthermore, the inhibitory activity of BCE-1 on lung metastasis partially disappeared when NK cell function was removed through treatment of rabbit anti-asialo GM1. These results indicated that BCE-I has potent antitumor metastatic activity, and that its anti-metastatic activity has relevance to the stimulation of NK and other immune cells.
In vitro 3D skin model using gelatin methacrylate hydrogel
곽봉신,최원호,전중원,원종인,성건용,김범상,성종환 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.66 No.-
Interests in in vitro skin models have been growing. Collagen, which is a main scaffold material for in vitro 3D skin models, has weak mechanical properties, often resulting in undesirable contraction. The physiological characteristics of the skin models often depend on the matrix in which cells are cultured. In this study, we developed a 3D skin model using gelatin methacrylate. The mechanical and transport properties were studied, and attachment and growth of fibroblasts and keratinocytes were examined. Fibroblasts preferred softer matrix, whereas HaCaT cells preferred harder matrix of gelatin methacrylate. This study provides information for developing in vitro skin models.
시판 인스턴트 커피에서 추출한 다당류의 화학적 특성 및 면역활성
곽봉신(Bong-Shin Kwak),신광순(Kwang-Soon Shin) 한국식품과학회 2016 한국식품과학회지 Vol.48 No.3
국내 시판중인 인스턴트 커피에서 다당류를 추출하여 새로운 면역 활성 물질을 확인하고자 하였다. 시판중인 인스턴트 커피를 구입하여 냉수추출 후, 에탄올 침전과 투석을 통하여 약 24%의 높은 수율로 다당류(ICP-0)를 얻을 수 있었다. ICP-0은 중성당 89.9%, 산성당 10.1%로 이루어진 다당체로써, 구성 성분으로는 갈락토스 55.5%, 만노스 25.7%와 소량의 아라비노스, 람노스 등으로 이루어진 것을 확인하였으며, 갈락토만난(galactomannan)이나 팩틴 다당류(pectic polysaccharide)가 혼합된 구조일 것이라고 추정되었다. 인스턴트 커피 유래 ICP-0에 대하여 대식세포 자극에 대한 세포증식능을 확인한 결과, NC 대비 유의적으로 높은 증식활성을 보였으며, IL-6, IL-12 및 TNF-α의 경우, 10 μg/mL에서도 NC 대비 우수한 사이토카인 분비 유도능을 보임이 확인되었다. 또한 NO, ROS를 분석한 결과에서도 NO의 경우 10 μg/mL 이상에서 NC 대비 양호한 활성을 보여 주었다. ICP-0에 대하여 2차 면역기관 중 하나인 비장세포상의 증식능을 확인한 결과, NC대비 115% 정도 증식하는 것이 확인되어 면역세포를 직접 증진시키는 마이토겐 활성이 있음을 나타내었다. 인스턴트 커피 유래 ICP-0가 장관 내 분포되어 있는 Peyer’s patch를 경유하여 장관면역에 공헌할 수 있는지 여부를 확인한 결과, NC 대비 유의적으로 골수세포의 증식능을 확인하였으며 GM-CSF와 같은 관련 사이토카인의 분비 유도가 확인되었다. 이상의 결과는 시판 인스턴트 커피로부터 분리한 다당류가 대식세포의 기능과 장관면역계를 증진시킬 수 있는 가능성을 제시한다. To elucidate the new biologically active ingredient in commercial instant coffee, a crude polysaccharide (ICP-0) was isolated by ethanol precipitation, and its immunostimulatory activity was estimated. ICP-0 mainly consisted of galactose (55.5%), mannose (25.7%), arabinose (6.0%), and galacturonic acid (10.1%), suggesting the possibility of its existence as a mixture of galactomannan or pectic polysaccharide. ICP-0 showed proliferative activity in peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes. ICP-0 dose-dependently augmented the production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species by peritoneal macrophages. In addition, murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated by ICP-0 showed enhanced production of various cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-12) as compared to unstimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. In an in vitro assay for assessing intestinal immunomodulation, the ICP-0-treated Peyer’s patch cells showed higher bone marrow cell proliferation activity at 100 μg/mL and higher production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, compared to the untreated Peyer’s patch cells. These results suggest that polysaccharides in commercial instant coffee have a potentiality for macrophage functions and the intestinal immune system.
브로콜리로부터 분리한 추출물의 In vitro 면역증진 활성평가 및 화학적 특성
곽봉신 ( Bong-shin Kwak ),박혜령 ( Hye-ryung Park ),이수정 ( Sue Jung Lee ),최혁준 ( Hyuk-joon Choi ),신광순 ( Kwang-soon Shin ) 한국식품영양학회 2017 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.30 No.6
For the purpose of developing new immunomodulatory agents from broccoli, ethanol extract (BCEE), hot water extract (BCHW), and crude polysaccharide (BCCP) were isolated from broccoli, and their immunomodulatory activities and chemical properties were examined. In the in vitro cytotoxicity analysis, BCHW and BCCP did not affect the growth of tumor cells and normal cells. Murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated with BCCP showed higher production of IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α cytokines than those stimulated with BCHW. Also, BCHW and BCCP did not show proliferation of splenic lymphocytes. In the in vitro assay for intestinal immunomodulatory activities, only BCCP enhanced GM-CSF secretion and the bone marrow cell-proliferating activity via cells in Peyer’s patches at 1,000 μg/mL. Also, BCHW mainly contained 33.7% neutral sugars, such as arabinose, glucose, and galactose, and 30.7% uronic acid, and BCCP consisted of 42.6% neutral sugars, including arabinose, galactose, and glucose, and 50.5% uronic acid. The above results lead us to conclude that crude polysaccharide (BCCP) isolated from broccoli causes considerably high cytokine production in peritoneal macrophages and bone marrow cell proliferation, and the polysaccharide extraction process is indispensable for separation of new immunomodulatory agents from broccoli.