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고광표,신헌태,Ko, Gwang-Pyo,Shin, Heon-Tae 대한예방한의학회 2011 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.15 No.3
1. 서울, 경기소재 한의원에서 환약 10종과 경기소재 약국1곳에서 판매되는 한방환약 10종, 총 20종의 환약에 대해 미생물검출연구를 하였다. 2. 총세균수는 한의원환약, 약국환약에서 모두 WHO기준(1.0${\times}$107) 이내로 검출되었다. 3. 총진균수는 한의원환약, 약국환약의 각각 2종류, 1개제품에서 WHO기준(1.0${\times}$104)을 초과 하였다. 4. 배양 비의존적 방법을 이용하여 환약에 분포하는 Bacteria를 동정한 결과, 대부분의 박테리아는 토양에 존재하는 Firmicutes문, Proteobacteria문의 두 종류에 속하였다. 5. 환약의 안전성을 제고하기 위해, 생산, 가공, 유통, 보관 등 각 단계에서의 추가적인 미생물검출연구가 필요하다. Objectives : This study has aimed to monitor microbial detection on pill types of herbal medicine which are circulating in markets including Oriental Medical Clinics(O.M.C.s) and Pharmacy in Korea. Methods : 10 different samples of O.M.Cs and 10 different samples of Pharmacy were investigated by culture method and non-culture method based on the 9th edition of microbial examination released by Korea Food & Drug Administration. Results : The total microbial count among each 10 samples were detected within the limit suggested by WHO. 2 samples of O.M.C.s and 1 samples of Pharmacy exceeded WHO's limit in fungi count. No samples exceeded WHO's limit in bacteria count. Most bacteria founded in samples were the phylum of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria which are common in soil by non-culture method. Conclusion : Further study should be followed to set up proper microbial limit of herbal materials including pill types.
UV air disinfection respiratory viral aerosols
Christopher Walker,고광표(Gwang Pyo Ko) 대한환경공학회 2006 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2006 No.12
Ultraviolet (UV) air disinfection is one of the engineering control methods utilized to control airborne transmission of pathogenic microorganisms in high risk settings. However, despite the recent emergence of respiratory viral pathogens such as SARS coronavirus and avian influenza viruses, UV air disinfection of viral aerosols is poorly studied. Hence, we characterized UV disinfection of viral aerosols using MS2, adenovirus, and coronavirus. The objectives of this study are (1) characterize the effect of nebulization and air sampling on the survival of tested viruses; (2) quantitatively estimate UV susceptibilities of these viral aerosols; (3) evaluate the effect of relative humidity (RH) on the susceptibility of viral aerosols to UV irradiation. A bench-size experimental chamber was built and evaluated for this study. MS2, adenovirus, or coronavirus was aerosolized into the experimental chamber, exposed to different UV doses, at either 50% or 75-80% RHs, and then sampled by AGI-30 liquid impinger at 12.5 LPM. The collected samples were analyzed by plaque assays to measure the UV susceptibilities of tested viral aerosols. Our data indicated that neither nebulization nor air sampling using liquid impinger caused significant inactivation of non-enveloped viruses such as MS2 or adenovirus. However, coronavirus was significantly inactivated by both nebulization and air sampling. Both MS2 and adenoviruses were very resistant to UV air disinfection. Less than 1 log reduction in viable virus was observed at the 2.6 mJ/㎠ UV dose for both viruses. However, coronavirus was more susceptible to UV air disinfection, which suggests that UV air disinfection could be an efficient environmental control method to prevent airborne transmission of novel SARS coronavirus. There was no significant protective effect of high RH on UV susceptibilities of the tested viral aerosols. Finally, our study also confirmed that UV disinfection rates of viral aerosols are much different from those of viruses suspended in water.
자외선 조사와 은나노입자 조합을 통한 바이러스 저감 효과에 관한 연구
정해용(Hae-Yong Jung),고광표(Gwang-Pyo Ko) 서울대학교 보건환경연구소 2017 보건학논집 Vol.54 No.1
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antiviral capacity of the combinations Ultraviolet –A (320 –400 nm) or –B (280 –320 nm) (UV –A or –B) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Methods: Combined antiviral effects of ultraviolet-A or –B and AgNPs were tested by plaque assay. Various combinations of UV-A or -B and AgNPs were exposed to tested viruses. Murine norovirus (MNV) and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) were used as surrogates of human norovirus, known as a causing of viral gastroenteritis in humans and coronavirus, known as a cause of respiratory diseases in humans, respectively. Results: AgNPs size, concentration and UV kind influenced antiviral capacity. MNV were more susceptive to AgNPs than MHV (p〈0.05) while MHV were more susceptive to UV-B (p〈0.05). Specially, the combinations of UV-B and 10 nm size (1 ppm or 10 ppm) AgNPs were more effective than UV-B treatment only (p〈0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that combined antiviral effects of UV-B and AgNPs could be applied in disinfection processes for pathogenic viruses under various environmental conditions.
국내 일부 초등학교 바닥먼지 내 화학적 및 생물학적 유해인자의 분석
김지영,정세영,김수정,김진아,시지연,조연우,조경덕,고광표,Kim, Ji-Young,Jung, Se-Young,Kim, Su-Jung,Kim, Jin-Ah,Si, Ji-Yeon,Jo, Yeon-Woo,Zoh, Kyung-Duk,Ko, Gwang-Pyo 한국환경보건학회 2011 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.37 No.4
Objectives: This study investigated the levels and components of floor-settled dust in two elementary schools located at different sites (one near the Shihwa industrial complex and the other in a rural area) in order to evaluate the amounts of trace metal elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) and microorganisms. Methods: Over twenty settled-dust samples were collected from the two elementary schools. Trace metal elements were extracted from the dust using hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, and the amounts were measured by ICP-OES. Microbiological analysis was performed by bacterial culturing using R2A medium and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Results: The results showed that the amounts of three metal elements (Cr, Pb, and Zn) were significantly different between the schools (${\alpha}$=0.05, p<0.04). In addition, microbial communities in each school were highly correlated with one another. Among the identified microorganisms, a number of potentially opportunistic microorganisms, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii, were found. Conclusions: This study will provide preliminary data for assessing levels and types of chemical and microbiological agents in elementary schools and for further evaluating human health risks associated with the agents.
서울특별시 종로구 대중목욕탕의 수질 중 미생물 오염도 조사 연구
김미순,이영민,김성근,서지현,지경희,오지윤,고기동,고광표,Kim, Mi-Soon,Lee, Young-Min,Kim, Seong-Keun,Seo, Ji-Hyun,Ji, Kyung-Hee,Oh, Ji-Yoon,Ko, Ki-Dong,Ko, Gwang-Pyo 한국환경보건학회 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.3
The aim of this study is to investigate microbial sanitary condition of public baths in Seoul, Korea. A total of 28 water samples were collected from 14 different public baths and sudatoriums. The prevalence of fecal indicator microorganisms such as total coliform, fecal coliform, and Escherichia coli was characterized. In addition, bacteria in water was membrane filtered by 0.45um nitrocellulose membrane, and the filter was analyzed by both cultivation and PCR amplification of partial 16S rRNA gene. The levels of chlorine were measured for each of water samples. More than 40% of 14 collected water samples, the concentrations of total coliform bacteria exceeded the water quality for bath water guideline. There was no significant correlation between chlorine residue and the presence of total coliform. Various microorganisms including pathogenic microorganisms were identified from cultivation and subsequent analysis of 16s rRNA gene sequences. Our results suggest that appropriate hygiene practice and continuous monitoring is needed for reducing health risk associated with public bathhouses.
이희태,김희연,박현진,조영은,유소영,이경진,정종선,고광표,Lee, Hee-Tae,Kim, Hee-Yeon,Park, Hyun-Jin,Cho, Young-Eun,Ryu, So-Young,Lee, Kyung-Jin,Jung, Jong-Sun,Ko, Gwang-Pyo 한국환경보건학회 2008 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.34 No.1
Lake Shiwha, an artificial lake located near metropolitan Seoul, offers a unique water environment and has been suspected to have high levels of chemical and microbiological contaminations. Lake Shiwha was originally connected to the sea but currently has four major surface water inputs from agricultural, municipal, industrial areas and in addition an occasional inflow from the sea. The objectives of this study are to investigate the relative contribution of microbial contaminants from each of the inflowing surface waters and to identify appropriate microbial indicator organisms in this unique water environment. We measured the levels of microbial contaminations in the four inflowing surface waters. A number of microbial indicator organisms including total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), E. coli, Enterococci, somatic and male-specific coliphages were analyzed. Bacterial indicator microorganisms were detected and quantified by the $Colilert^{(R)},\;Enterolert^{(R)}$ kit. Surface water (50 l) was sampled by $ViroCap^{TM}\;5"$ cartridge filters and analyzed by the single agar layer method for detecting coliphages. The concentrations of TC, FC, E. coli, and Enterococci were 1543 CFU/100 ml${\sim}1.99{\times}10^6$ CFU/100 ml, 0 CFU/100 ml${\sim}202$ CFU/100ml, 0 CFU/100 ml${\sim}1.80{\sim}10^5$ CFU/100ml, 74 CFU/100 ml${\sim}3408$ CFU/100 ml, respectively. The male-specific and somatic coliphages were detected in three different inflowing surface waters. Isolated E. coli and Enterococci strains were further analyzed by 16s rDNA amplification and subsequent phylogenetic analysis from Jungwang-chun, Ansan-chun, Banwol-chun and penstock of inflowing surface water. Our results indicated that the concentrations of different fecal indicator microorganisms might not be highly correlated with each other. Multiple microbial indicator organisms should be used for monitoring microbial contamination and microbial source tracking methods.