Yield Potentials of Rice and Soybean As Affected by Cropping Systems in Mid-mountainous Paddy Soils of Korea Systems in Mid-mountainous Paddy Soils of Korea

강위금,최종서,김정주,조주식 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.4

To get some informations for sustainable paddy use, the productivities of soils with two years of croppingsystems were estimated through pot experiment using two pretreated groups of not autoclaved ‘natural’- and‘autoclaved’-soils without any fertilization. And then the relationship between the productivities, called yieldpotentials, and the characteristics of soils as affected by cropping systems, such as rice-rice (R-R), ricebarley-rice-barley (R-B-R-B), rice-barley-rice-wheat (R-B-R-W), soybean-barley-soybean-barley (S-B-S-B),of which barley and wheat were composted at a level of 10 MT ha-1, and S-B-S-B without compost, wasanalyzed. These treatments were established in mid-mountainous loam paddy, which contained exchangeableCa of 11.8 cmolc kg-1, located at the altitude of 285 m above sea level in Sangju of Korea. Crops for theestimation of soil productivity were rice cv. ‘Seolemi’ and soybean cv. ‘Chamol’. As a result, under thenatural soils condition, rice grain and straw were highly produced in composted S-B-S-B soils (p < 0.05) andlowly in R-R soils (p < 0.05). While soybean grain and stem were higher in R-R soils (p < 0.05) than othersoils which not significantly different each other. In case of autoclaved soils, the yield potentials of rice andsoybean were high together in either composted R-B-R-B/W or S-B-S-B soils compared to R-R anduncomposted S-B-S-B soils (p < 0.05). In especial, these yield potentials under the natural soils conditionwere commonly influenced by soil porosity showing negative correlation for rice (p < 0.01); positive forsoybean (p < 0.05). And the porosity possibly reversed even the symbiotic contribution of indigenousBradyrhizobium japonicum for soybean. Under autoclaved soils condition the potentials of rice and soybeanshowed negative correlations with soil C:N ratio (p < 0.05) similarly to the case of rice in the natural soils.

Population, Symbiotic Effectiveness, and Protein Profile Patterns of Indigenous Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae to Korean Soils

강위금,김민태,이봉춘,이창훈,양청목 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.6

Some symbiotic characteristics of native Korean Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae were analysed toget some informations desirable for cultivation of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) using its symbiont in Korea. The size of indigenous populations of R. leguminosarum biovar viciae was higher in seven upland soilsshowing 1.7✕102~5.8✕104 cells g ‧ soil-1, which appeared to be 10% and 37% higher for cultivated anduncultivated soils of hairy vetch, respectively, than seven paddy soils with 1.7✕102~1.7✕104 cells g ‧ soil-1. In symbiotic potentials, however, the yields of hairy vetch treated with 10-fold-diluted (10-1) inoculum and1000-fold-diluted (10-3) one was 11.2% and 8.8% more, respectively, in paddy than upland. Hairy vetchinoculated with either strain KHR 106 from Sacheon or strain KHR 120 from Yesan among native Korean R. leguminosarum biovar viciae isolates was of similar yield increment of 16% (p < 0.05) in upland soils withnative R. leguminosarum biovar viciae of 5.8✕10 cells g ‧ soil-1. In case of coinoculation of the two strains,however, the yields was not significantly increased. In especial, isolate KHR 106, KHR 120, and KHR 122from Suwon, which has also good symbiotic effectiveness, showed different protein profile patterns eachother. As a result, hairy vetch is possibly able to use atmospheric nitrogen through symbiotic relationship withdiverse native R. leguminosarum biovar viciae in Korean arable lands. For safe and good production of hairy,however, the use of superior strains with high symbiotic effectiveness and competitiveness will be desirable.

야산 목초지용 내산성 우수 질소고정균주 개발 - Ⅲ. 야산에서의 선발 R . meliloti 접종효과 -

강위금,최주현,조강진,이재생,정연태 한국토양비료학회 1989 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 Vol.1989 No.42

벼과작물에서의 공생적 질소고정 연구

강위금 한국국제농업개발학회 1998 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.10 No.4

벼과작물의 공중질소이용량을 획기적으로 증대시키기 위한 방법으로 콩과식물이 갖는 공생적 질소고정계를 벼과작물에 도입하려는 연구가 시도되고 있기에 이에 대한 최근의 연구동향을 살펴보았다. 벼과작물뿌리에서 근류를 형성시키는 방법으로는 질소고정균과 함께 2,4-D 혹은 세포벽 가수분해효소를 처리하는 방법과 뿌리침입력이 있는 근류균만을 사용하는 방법이 시도되었다. 앞의 2,4-D 처리법은 접종균주의 질소고정력 발현과 근류의 구조적 특징면에서 세포벽 가수분해효소 Cellulase-pectolyase 처리법 보다 더 유용한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 한편, 근류균 접종만으로 근류를 형성시킬 경우 벼과작물의 뿌리침입이 잘되는 야생균주를 산소내성을 갖도록 개량하여 사용하는 것이 질소고정화효소의 발현에 효과적이었다. 그리고, 벼과작물 뿌리에서 산소내성을 갖는 근류균은 2,4-D가 처리되므로써 질소고정력의 향상을 보였다. 그러나 자연조건의 벼과작물뿌리에서 질소고정균주 단독으로 콩과식물 근류수준으로 공중질소를 고정할 수 있게 하려면 벼과작물과의 공생적 친화성이 뛰어난 새로운 야생군주와 벼과작물간의 공생관계 장애요인 개선연구가 뒷받침되어야 할 것으로 믿어졌다. Recently, in order to highly increase the potential benefit from N2 fixation on agriculture, there were several approaches to introduce a symbiotic system between legumes and rhizobia into presently no-nodulated graminaceous crops such as rice, wheat etc., So far, the efforts to establish a new symbiotic system have been attempted in the ways to utilize chemicals with diazotrophs, such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) and hydrolytic cellulase-pectolyase enzymes, and to rhizobia alone invading into the roots of graminaceous crops. In the former, 2,4-D induced para-nodules were more attractive than the hydrolytic enzymes induced lateral root nodules in terms of their N2-fixing ability and nodular structure. And the spontaneously invasive rhizobia showed nitrogenase activities when the strains were genetically improved to get an oxygen tolerance in the roots of host plants without haemoglobin. Especially, N2ase activities of the oxygen tolerant rhizobia with a naturally invasive ability appeared to be largely enhanced by the treatment with 2,4-D. However, an effective symbiotic system for graminaceous crops can not be possibly exploited in the field condition until the barrier factors presently known in the expecting symbiotic interaction between the crops and new N₂-fixing bacteria with a strongly invading ability are solved.

토양환경 , 미생물 : 우리나라 주요기후대별 토착 근류균 Bradyrhizobium japonicum 의 장려콩 ( Glycin max . L . ) 친화성과 혈청학적 분포특성

강위금,하호성,정연태,박경배 한국토양비료학회 1995 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 Vol.1995 No.54

답전윤환에 따른 토착 Bradyrhizobium japonicum의 서식밀도와 토양 이화학성과의 관계

강위금,박창영,윤문태,최상욱,하호성 ( Ui Gum Kang,Chang Young Park,Moon Tae Youn,Sang Uk Choi,Ho Sung Ha ) 한국응용생명화학회 1997 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.40 No.5

The relatedness of naturalized Bradyrhizobium japonicum populations with soil physicochemical characteristics as affected by paddy rice-upland soybean rotation cropping with conventional and none fertilization in Chilgog clay loam soils were determined as follows. The populations of B. japonicum in soils were increased from about 10¹ in continuous paddy upto 10³cells/g.soil only in one-year rotation of upland use with soybean cropping. Compared to the densities in plots of conventional fertilization, those in none fertilization were high ranging from 1.9 to 10 fold in 2-year upland use rotation and both in 3-year upland use rotation and 4-year upland use, respectively. The populations were positively correlated with soil organic matter contents(r=0.83^*), Ca/K(r=0.74^*), and(Ca+Mg)/K(r=0.72^*) and were negatively correlated with soil hardness(r=-0.73^*). And the soil populations increased by paddy-upland rotation resulted in superior symbiotic potentials to those in continuous paddy use in terms of nodule mass, nitrogenase activity, and soybean shoot dry weight.

Effectiveness of Pelleting for Inoculating Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria on Small Seeds

강위금,강점순,최시림,김종수,박석희 한국토양비료학회 2019 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.52 No.3

The effectiveness of pelleting for inoculating small seeds with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) was studied. Seeds of sesame cv. Yangbaeckkae and perilla cv. Namcheon were inoculated with Bacillus sp. KR083 and Pseudomonas sp. RRj228 with pelleting material, ‘DPA’ (contained 70% diatomite, 14% perlite, 5% appetite, 5% cow dung, 3% peat, and 3% pea) and stored at refrigerator temperature of 4°C or room temperature of 18 - 20°C for 2 to 7 weeks. While 4°C modestly improved strain survival and growth, crop by strain interaction was substantial. Strain KR083 numbers grew 10 to 13 fold on sesame in 2 to 7 weeks but declined by as much as 78% on perilla across both temperatures. In contrast, strain RRj228 numbers grew 1.7 to 11 fold on perilla but only maintained its numbers on sesame across temperatures and storage times. Strains impacted seed viability differently; while KR083 had no effect, RRj228 decreased germination rate of both sesame and perilla by as much as 20% after 2 weeks of storage of pelleted seeds at 18 - 20°C. Strain KR083 significantly improved root elongation of both crops, but only of sesame when co-inoculated with RRj228. On the other hand, KR083 had lower colonization ability than RRj228 on roots, 19 and 83 % lower on sesame and perilla, respectively. Mixed inoculum, however, significantly improved colonization of both strains on both crops. In field trials, sesame co-inoculated with KR083 and RRj228 yielded 18% higher than non-inoculated control while reducing phytophthora blight infection by 10 and 20% in silty loam and sandy loam soils, respectively. Likewise, Perilla yielded 29% more leaf with mixed inoculation than the non-inoculated, diatomite-pelleted control in the same silty loam soil. Results indicate DPA pelleting as an effective method for small seeded crops when compatible PGPR strains are used as inocula.

Bradyrhizobium japonicum 의 우수균주 선정을 위한 면역혈청학적 접근

강위금,정연태,하호성 한국응용생명화학회 1993 한국응용생명화학회 학술발표회 Vol.1993 No.-

벼 건답직파재배에서 피복요소 시용에 따른 암모니아 휘산

강위금,박기도,박창영,전원태,이석순,이동욱,손일수,박성태 한국토양비료학회 2005 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.38 No.6

Ammonia volatilization is the major form of nitrogen (N) loss from flooded paddy soils and causes low N use efficiency. The effects of controlled release fertilizer (latex coated urea complex fertilizer, LCU) on reducing N loss by ammonia volatilization was measured comparing with urea in rice culture system of direct seeding on dry soil. In the treatment of urea, NH4-N concentration in surface water after flooding increased rapidly up to 8-10 mg L-1 as affected by topdressing, while in the LCU treatment NH4-N concentration in surface water was less than 1 mg L-1 during rice growing season. Relation of NH4-N concentration in surface water and ammonia volatilization was significant in urea treatment. The amount of ammonia volatilized from rice paddy of LCU treatment was 2.4-3.0 kg ha-1 and the rate of ammonia volatilization from N fertilizer applied was only 2.0-2.3% compared with 5.9-7.9% in urea treatment. Therefore, N loss by ammonia volatilization could be reduced by 72-76% with by LCU compared with urea in rice culture system of direct seeding on dry soil.

구두발표논문초록 / 토양 비료 분야 ( Siol & Fertilizers ) : OSF23 - 재배작물에 따른 토착 Bradyrhizobium japonicum 의 질소고정잠재능과 콩 수량성

강위금,박향미,박경배,하호성 한국토양비료학회 1998 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.- No.-