세계 최고층 빌딩은 ?

김상대(金相大) 한국강구조학회 1996 韓國鋼構造學會誌 Vol.8 No.2

한국어 話法 硏究 : 그 補文子와 활용을 중심으로

金相大 亞州大學校 1978 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

-이다'와 '아니다'에 대한 대안적 접근

김상대 국어국문학회 2001 국어국문학 Vol.- No.129

민자주방망이버섯(Lepista nuda) 균사체 배양조건 및 효소활성

김상대,김지혜,김종봉,한영환,Kim Sang-Dae,Kim Ji-Hye,Kim Jong-Bong,Han Yeong-Hwang 한국미생물학회 2005 미생물학회지 Vol.41 No.3

Lepista nuda DGUM 26501의 균사 생육을 위한 배양조건 및 세포외 분비 효소 활성을 조사하였다. 균사 생육을 위한 최적 온도는 $24^{\circ}C$였고, pH$7.0\~8.0$에서 최적 균사 생육을 나타내었다. 적정 균사생육을 위한 산소분압은 $10\%$이상이었다. 최소배지로 Czapek-Dox 한천배지에 탄소원을 변경하여 첨가시, maltose, sucrose, manitol, xylitol 등이 우수하였다. 유기산으로 gluconate가 가장 우수한 균사 생육을 보여주었다. 전반적으로 유기질소원이 무기질소원보다 균사 생육이 더 우수하였으며, 유기질소원으로 corn steep liquor(CSL), soytone, protease peptone을 사용하였을 때 균사생육이 우수하였다. 사용한 인산원 중 ammonium phosphate, 비타민원으로 pyridoxine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid 첨가시 우수한 균사 생육을 보여주었다. $24^{\circ}C$에서 10일간 배양된 L. nuda DGUM 26501의 균사외 분비효소 중 $\alpha-amylase$의 활성도가 다른 효소에 비해 상대적으로 높았으며, lipase의 활성도는 미미하게 나타났다. The culture condition and medium composition for the enhanced mycelial growth of Lepista nuda DGUM 26501 were investigated. The optimal temperature and pH for the mycelial growth were $24^{\circ}C$ and $7.0\~8.0$, respectively. The partial pressure of oxygen for the enhanced mycelial growth was more than $10\%\;O_2$. When Czapek-Dox medium was used as a minimal medium, manitol and xylitol were very good carbon sources. Organic nitrogen sources were better than inorganic ones for mycelial growth. As the nitrogen source tested, com steep liquor, soytone and protease peptone were the best as a source of organic nitrogen sources. When ammonium phosphate as phosphorus sources was used, the enhanced mycelial growth was shown. Nicotinic acid was proved to be the most appropriate source of vitamin. After the mycelia of L. nuda DGUM 26501 was cultivated at $24^{\circ}C$ for 10 days in LNM broth (pH 7.0), the activities of extracellular enzyme were determined. The specific activity of $\alpha-amylase$ was much higher than those of other enzymes. However, little or no enzyme activities of $\beta-glucosidase$, CMCase, laccase and lipase were found.

경계층내 사각주의 풍력계수에 관한 실험적 연구

김상대,윤성원 대한건축학회 1994 大韓建築學會論文集 Vol.10 No.6

국어 대우법의 변화 양상에 대하여 : '님, 분'의 쓰임을 중심으로 with reference to'-nim''and'-pun'

김상대 한국국어교육연구회 1999 국어교육 Vol.- No.99

전문직 여성의 스포츠 활동 참여가 직무스트레스 및 직업만족도에 미치는 영향

김상대(Sang Dai Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2010 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.39

The Even though increasing the number of professional women, the study related with their stress and job satisfaction is in the poor condition. After analyzing their stress and satisfaction on job, it tries to understand that the participation of sports activity has how much an effect on the reduction of job stress and the reconsideration of job satisfaction. This study is to provide fundamental data for professional women to develop sports for all program. The survey was conducted 327 professional women working in medical, educational, and judical careers, living in Busan metropolitan city, in February, 2009 The collected data was analyzed by SPSS 14.0 program, the conclusions are as following; In the comparison with marital status, it is shown high stress in single women and high satisfaction in married women. In the comparison with the kind of work, job stress to interpersonal relations is shown high educational, medical, judical works in order, job satisfaction is shown very stability judical, educational, medical work in order, job control is shown very high educational, judical, medical work in order. In the comparison with career`s period, job stress by interpersonal relations is the highest in the group of 11~15years while is the lowest in the group of over 16years. The group of 11~15 years is shown the highest job satisfaction among sub-factors. In the comparison with duration of sport participation, the group of non-participation sports activity is the highest in all the sub-factors, job stress of interpersonal relations is shown in the group of less 1year, organizing culture is shown the lowest in the group of over 3years. Job satisfaction related with self, social, and control satisfaction is shown the highest in the group of 2~3years duration, the lowest in the non-participating group.

한국, 독일, 미국 기업의 직장인 음주대책 비교연구(Ⅰ) : An International Comparative Study among Korean, German and American Companies

김상대,송석훈,이상진,하태영,Lin, Kuan-Pin 한독경상학회 2002 經商論叢 Vol.20 No.2

The firm’s job-based alcohol policy implied that problem drinking and alcoholism were the treatable health problems, but its chief focus was on correcting the impaired work performance that accompanies problem drinking among employees. The central purpose of this study was to compare the firm’s preventive measures and treatment policy for intoxicated workers among Korean, German and American companies. The results indicated that German and U.S. companie’s formal alcoholism policy and rehabilitation program produced the rate of success for prevention and rehabilitation of problem drinking employees. Supervisors reported that about 80% of intoxicated workers improved in general conduct, and 74% of work performance following program intervention in Germany and U.S.A.A tangible result of the company program on alcoholism was the reduction in absenteeism. With treatment, the absence severity rate was less than four days per year in the rehabilitated cases. We also found that the use of formal discipline was associated with undesirable outcomes in these two countries. Overall, the Step by Step Programs that were conducted by the supervisor with the assistance of company’s medical personnel, alcohol program coordinator and counselor were the most effective measures for problem-drinking employees. These facts would indicated that the company’s alcohol policy was a positive step toward the prevention of disability from chronic problem drinking, but we found that there were no any company’s alcohol policies in Korean firms.

하이드라진의 분해특성 연구

김상대(Kim Sang Dae),안현경(Ahn Hyun Kyoung),윤형준(Yoon Hyoung Jun),이인형(Rhee In Hyoung) 한국산학기술학회 2004 한국산학기술학회 학술대회 Vol.- No.-

Hydrazine is a weak base and strong reducing agent in the aqueous solution and is primarily utilized as a high-energy rocket propellant and an oxygen scavenger in boiler or feedwater. The objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties and reactions of hydrazine and the catalytic and thermal decomposition by the temperature change. Hydrazine was fast decomposed with the catalyst of lower activation energy and at the higher temperature.

16 - 7 세기 기악 앙상블 연주에 관한 개관(慨觀)

김상대 한국음악학회 1998 한국음악학회논문집 음악연구 Vol.17 No.1

When replaying early music, some aspect of interpretation about its performance could not be left out. The greatest dilemma that any modern performers face in interpreting the performance can be stated as somewhat conception notation, or even as a stubborn mannerism towards traditional way of handling musical instruments. For instance, as a semibreve is associated with a long note, on dealing with the original manuscripts written during the 15th Century, one tends to play this note slowly and long. But during the 15th Century, the semibreve was associated rather with today's equivalent of crotchet. Likewise, a double whole note represents a long suspension yet back in the 12th Century, it meant short duration and during the 14th Century, depending on the location of the note on manuscripts, it can be four half notes up to even twenty-four half notes. 3/2 meter not only represented meter but also the sense of speed. Dotted note up until 17th-18th Century, it was interpreted longer than 1/2 length, and today's Sarabande is associated with slow three beat dance music yet during the 16th-17th Century, it was very fast dance music. Therefore, requirements for a precise interpretation of performance of modern musical manuscripts are precisely handed down knowledge of the musical manuscripts form the composer, and correct interpretation and translation of the manuscripts in performing. But handing down the edited manuscripts is limited. However precise; it may be, there is the limitation in the manuscript itself, errors due to the long time that manuscripts are passed down from the hands of one editor after another. Misinterpretation of an editor is all possible sources of error. In other words, to replay the music from 16th-17th Century or the past, the logical knowledge of the performer plays a key role in doing the editing and interpreting the manuscript precisely and correctly. To replay the 16th-17th Century's instrumental ensemble, the following problems are addressed in this paper. First, in order to understand the 16th-17th Century's distinctive musical structure, one must understand the idea behind tactus and polyphony structure. In other words, musical differences behind stile antico-stile modeno must be felt. Other than notated manuscripts, the musical definition and its underlying language must be acknowledged and felt simultaneously. Second, whether notated or non-notated meter, the problem of tempo must not be approached with a modern approach. Hence, music of a half note unit and today's half note must be distinguished. The structure of multimeter without measure and the hemiola structure must understand the entire flow and must not hinder the meter. Third, dynamically speaking, in the past, resister and the range of dynamic for instruments themselves were thin and rather short. Compared to the modern days, thus in manuscripts that precise range was quite limited or it was not even included. Hence, in the actual performance, to stress the effects of musical dynamics, the strong-weak or dotted note and even without the dot, the first beat that gets divided into two, the duration must be shown at greater length and the stronger dot must exist. Fourth, concerning the vibrato of strings and winds, modern instruments, compared to instruments used in the past, have certain modifications in them, and they are designed to reduce stress and increase comfort for the performer. The Viol designed with frets, string by cotton yarn as compared to today's instruments. he Brass and Winds used to have fewer valves, which all goes to show that in the past, deep and wide range of vibrato was practically impossible. So, one can only find occasional marks on manuscripts requiring any form of vibrato. Timbre itself must not be extravagantly, or sharply played, but with small amount of vibrato, without focusing too much on the harmony of the entire ensemble. However, the performer must bring about the individual performer's unique musical difference alive. Fifth, Notation and the taking care of ornamental tone are the first task at hand in replaying the music from the past. As for the notation, without specifying the instruments for ensemble, instruments such as same kinds for other interpretation on the left side of the score, separate clef have been added. And to specify the instrunemts' actual register on top and bottom of G clef, a number such as '8' was added and ligature, coloration was used. They seem to appear on today's manuscript generally, yet its precise meaning must be understood and played. Ornamental tone tends to show up in improvisation performance. One must know how to decorate the melody. Its improvisation must become apparent in performance and where to place these ornamental tones must carefully have been thought of in musical terms. Sixth, and lastly, as for sound and location of instruments, the kind of symphonic hall that the manuscript wasf specifically written for, such as resonant music, room music, outdoor music, etc, must have been figured out by the score itself and the literature. The location of the instruments, vibrato, trill, reverb and harmonic progression must be taken into consideration as well. For pitch, it needs to be lower by approximately a half pitch than today's A=400 or lower tonal must be chosen. As for stage setting, two upper parts, such as 1st violin and 2nd violin, must go left and right. Bass needs to be in the center facing the conductor or next to him. Continuo instruments should be divided and placed separately with ensemble members.