양막추출물이 테논낭 섬유아세포에 미치는 영향

허현,김재우,Hyun Heo,M,D,Jae Woo Kim,M,D 대한안과학회 2006 대한안과학회지 Vol.47 No.10

Purpose: To investigate the effect of amniotic membrane extract (AME) on the survival, nitric oxide production by cultured human Tenon`s capsule fibroblasts (HTCF) and contraction of collagen gels. Methods: After exposure to 5~20 ?g/ml AME for 5 days, the survival and nitrite production of the primarily cultured HTCF were assessed with MTT and Griess assays respectively. Acridine orange/Hoechst 33342 double staining and flow cytometric analysis using FITC-Annexin/propidium iodide double staining were done to evaluate AME-induced apoptosis of HTCF. The effect of AME on the contraction of collagen gels cultured with fibroblast was also evaluated. Results: AME decreased cellular survival in a dose-dependent manner and did not affect the production of nitric oxide. AME caused apoptotic death of HTCF in a dose-dependent manner and caused necrosis at high concentration (20 ?g/ml). AME did not affect on the contraction of collagen gel. Conclusions: AME decreased cellular survival of HTCF by apoptosis and did not affect the contraction of collagen gels. Thus AME could modulate conjunctival wound healing by suppressing the cellular survival and activity of HTCF.

기관 내관의 기낭을 팽창시키는 방법의 비교: 수동적 배출법과 최소 기낭 팽창법

허현,김경환,신동운,박준석,김훈,전우찬,신희준,김민정,박준민 대한응급의학회 2013 大韓應急醫學會誌 Vol.24 No.1

Purpose: Inflation of an endotracheal tube cuff with adequate pressure is an important procedure. Passive release technique (PRT) is a useful and convenient method for inflating the cuff. To date, no study comparing this method with minimal occlusive volume technique (MOVT), one of the most commonly used methods for inflating the cuff, has been reported. We conducted this study for comparison of effectiveness, difficulty, and preference between the two methods. Methods: We conducted a prospective, crossover, randomized study in which participants used each technique,one at a time. Participants inflated the cuff of an endotracheal tube inserted into a manikin after receiving brief education on use of the two methods. After inflating the cuff using each method, pressure and volume of the inflated cuff were measured using a portable manometer and syringes, respectively. Then, difficulty of each method was investigated using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and preference for each method was investigated. Results: A total of 47 participants were enrolled in the study. The mean pressure between the two methods was not statistically different (p=0.27). However, adequate pressure was achieved in 37 (78.7%) and 16 (34.0%) of participants in PRT and MOVT, respectively (p<0.01). The mean volume was 6.0±0.4 ml in PRT and 5.7±0.6 ml in MOVT (p<0.01). The VAS score for diffculty was 17.7±15.8 in PRT and 76.0±15.8 in MOVT (p<0.01). Preference for PRT was 46(97.9%) and that for MOVT was 1 (2.1%). Conclusion: PRT is an easier, more preferred, and more effective method for cuff inflation than MOVT.

정치적 노예제폐지론의 제3당 정치를 넘어서 -개리슨주의자들의 반(反)정치론 재고(再考)-

허현 한국서양사학회 2018 西洋史論 Vol.0 No.139

This study revisits the antipolitical position of William Lloyd Garrison and the Garrisonian abolitionists in the antebellum America and attempts to understand their political tactics and strategies and political ideas beyond the independent third-party politics of the political abolitionism. While there has been a clear academic consensus about the historical importance of Garrison and the Garrisonians in the abolitionist movement, it cannot be gainsaid that there is a controversial issue in the historical roles they played in the movement, in comparison to political abolitionists such as the Liberty men, the Free Soilers, and the Republicans. Some historians have described Garrison and the Garrisonians as impractical and visionary, ultimately failing to understand the impact of Garrisonian abolitionism on the antislavery movement. In fact, it is too illogical and ahistorical to observe that Garrison and the Garrisonians were not interested by the means of political victory, being little more of a group of visionaries than irresponsible demagogues. On the contrary, their uncompromising, radical abolitionism was based on the thorough analysis of reality. Thus, they had never downplayed “politics”. Considering the current political situations then, they invented proper political tactics and strategies to maximize the impact of their radical abolitionism. In order to polarize the American politics, the Garrisonians tried to employ radical abolitionist ideas including immediate abolition and disunionism. Additionally, Garrison and the Garrisonians did not opposed the establishment of independent antislavery politics through the creation of the antislavery third-party unconditionally. Despite being hostile to the Liberty Party, they were proud of their role in the development of the Free Soil and Republican parties and regarded them as their allies in the antislavery struggle. However, Garrison’s “antipolitical” position did not blind him to the values of politics as an antislavery tool. Beyond the third-party politics of the political abolitionism, however, Garrison and the Garrisonians played a crucial role in the creation of a political culture of emancipation. 본 연구의 목적은 19세기 미국 노예제폐지운동의 대부이자 대표적인 급진적 노예제폐지론자라고 할 수 있는 윌리엄 로이드 개리슨과 그를 추종했던 개리슨주의자들의 반(反)정치론을 재고하면서 정치적 노예제폐지론의 독자적인 제3당 정치를 넘어서 이들이 추구하고자 했던 궁극적인 정치적 전략⋅전술과 이념을 확인해 보고자 하는 것이다. 개리슨과 개리슨주의자들이 노예제폐지운동 과정에서 가지고 있는 역사적 중요성에 대해서는 분명한 합의가 이루어져 있음에도 불구하고 이들의 역사적 역할에 대해서는 의외로 논쟁적인 측면이 있다는 사실을 부정할 수 없다. 일부 역사가들은 개리슨주의자들이 도덕적 설득이라는 지나치게 이상적인 운동 전술과 즉각적인 노예제폐지라는 비현실적인 운동 목표만을 고집함으로써 1840년대 초반 정치적 노예제폐지론의 등장과 함께 역사 속으로 사라져간 세력으로 묘사하고 있다. 하지만 내전 이전 미국 사회의 인종주의적 통치 질서와 노예제체제에 커다란 균열을 가져왔던 개리슨과 개리슨주의자들이 정치적 승리의 방식에 관심이 없던 비현실적 언어유희집단에 불과했다는 해석은 너무 비논리적이며 비역사적이다. 이들의 비타협적인 투철한 이념, 이른바 개리슨주의는 사변적으로 달성된 것이 아니라 철저한 현실분석에 토대를 두고 있었다. 그래서 이들은 결코 ‘정치’를 경시할 수 없었을 뿐만 아니라 당연히 당시의 정치적 상황에 맞는 정치적 전술과 전략을 구상하고 있었다. 이들은 콘크리트처럼 단단한 당시의 정치지형에 균열을 내기 위해서는 즉각적인 노예제폐지와 연방분리주의를 포함하는 급진주의의 활용 외에는 다른 방법이 없다는 것을 인식하고 있었고 실제로 그런 전략을 구사했다. 더구나 개리슨과 개리슨주의자들은 정치적 노예제폐지론자들이 추진했던 제3당 창설을 통한 이른바 독자적 정치세력화에 대해 무조건적으로 반대했던 것은 아니었다. 이들이 자유당에 대해 적대적이었던 것은 사실이지만 반(反)노예제세력의 독자적 정치세력화라는 시대적 요구를 무시할 수 없었다. 이들은 자유당 이후 자유토지당과 공화당의 탄생에 적극적인 역할을 수행했음을 자부하고 있었고 이들을 정치적 우군으로 인식하고 있었다. 하지만 이들은 여기서 그치지 않고 정치적 노예제폐지론세력의 제3당 정치를 넘어서 “해방의 정치 문화” 창출이라는 혁명적 역할을 담당했으며 1840년 이후 내전의 발발까지 노예제폐지운동에서 독자적이면서도 중요한 역할을 놓치지 않았다.

Orthodontic Tooth Movement in the Osteoporotic Rat Maxilla by Local Application of Human Parathyroid Hormone

허현아,박수현,Hyun-Sun LEE,이원,Hyun Joon Yoon,표성운 대한통합치과학회 2021 대한통합치과학회지 Vol.10 No.2

This study aimed to investigate the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on tooth movement in an osteoporotic rat by comparing of the tooth movement distances and histologic observation. Fifteen, 8-week-old female rats were classified into three groups (n=5, respectively): (1) sham-operated control group, (2) ovariectomized group (OVX), and (3) ovariectomized rats injected with 30 μg/kg of PTH group (PTH). To induce the orthodontic tooth movement, a closedcoil spring appliance was placed and activated with the continuous force of 50 cN to the maxillary first molar. During the experimental period, the amount of tooth movement was measured at 7, 14, 21 days and all rats were sacrificed for histologic specimen preparation. The OVX group showed the fastest tooth movement, and the distance of tooth movement in the OVX group was significantly greater than that in the other two groups at 14 and 21 days (P=0.00 and P=0.02, respectively). The histologic sections revealed the evidence of osteopenia in both the OVX and PTH than the control group. And there was tendency to enhanced bone turnover in the inter-radicular bone of the PTH group. In summary, PTH treatment did not promote tooth movement in the osteoporotic rat model but showed the increased bone turnover. Therefore, further study is required to consider the clinical application of PTH during orthodontic treatment.

생진양혈탕(生津養血湯) 물 추출물의 Streptozotocin 유발 고지혈증에 대한 효과

허현,김대준,변준석,최빈혜,Hur, Hyun,Kim, Dae-Jun,Byun, Joon-Seok,Choi, Bin-Hye 대한한방내과학회 2006 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.27 No.2

In the Present study, the therapeutic hypolipemic effect of water extract of Saengjinyanghyl-tang (SJYHT), a herbal extract mixture for treatment of diabetes in oriental medicine was tested in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic hyperlipemic SD rats. For detect the therapeutic effects, the test articles were once a day dosed for 28 days by gastric gavage at a dosage 1000, 500 and 250mg/kg from 25 days after STZ-dosing, and the changes on body weight and gains, serum LDL, HDL, Triglyceride and Total Cholesterol levels were observed In addition, the effects of test articles were compared to that of Simvastatin, a well known hypolipemic agents 10mg/kg-dosing group. Base on these results, although no meaningful effects were detected on the serum HDL levels, it is concluded that Saengjinyanghyul-tang water extracts have relatively good favorable effect treatment of STZ-induced diabetic hyperlipemia because they showed clear evidences inhibit the increase of serum LDL, Triglyceride and Total Cholesterol levels. Therefore, it is expected that Saengjinyanghyul-tang extract has favorable potency to development hypolipemic drugs. In addition, about 1000mg/kg of Saengjinyanghyul-tang extracts have similar effect compared to that of Simvastatin 10mg/kg. The effective dosage of Saengjinyanghyul-tang water extracts in the present study was considered as below 250mg/kg.

근접방사선치료용 다목적 팬톰을 이용한 직장 내 선량분석

허현도(Hyun Do Huh),김성훈(Seong Hoon Kim),조삼주(Sam Ju Cho),이석(Suk Lee),신동오(Dong Oh Shin),권수일(Soo il Kwon),김현정(Hun Jung Kim),김우철(Woo Chul Kim),노준규(John J K Loh) 대한방사선종양학회 2005 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.23 No.4

목 적: 근접방사선 치료시 직장내 선량측정은 치료간(inter-fraction) 직장의 형태가 변화하므로 측정의 재현성을 이 룰 수 없다. 본 연구에서는 근접방사선치료용 다목적 팬톰(Multi Purpose Brachytherapy Phantom, MPBP)을 제작하 여 치료 시와 동일한 조건을 재현하였고 이때 측정한 선량 값을 직장의 부작용을 줄이기 위해 선량최적화에 적용 하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 자궁경부암 근접방사선 치료 시 탄뎀(tandem)과 난형체(ovoid)를 사용한 환자 4명을 대상으로 다이오드 검출기를 이용하여 직장표시 기준점 R1에서 선량측정을 시행하였다. 환자 당 5회씩 총 20회 직장선량을 측정하였다. 그리고 반복 측정 시 다이오드 검출기의 설정 변화(set up variation)를 분석하였다. 그리고 자체 제작된 근접방사선치료용 다목적 팬톰에서 MFA (Multi Function Applicator)를 이용하여 치료 시와 동일한 조건을 재현한 후열형광선량계(TLD)를 이용하여 직장 표시 기준점 좌표 위치에서 선량을 측정하였다. 결 과: 직장 내 다이오드 검출기의 측정 결과 설정 변화는 환자 1의 경우에 Y방향에서 최고 11.25±0.95 mm보였고, 환자 2와 3은 Z 방향에서 각각 9.90±2.40 mm와 20.85±4.50 mm를 나타냈다. 그리고 환자 4는 Z 방향에서 19.15±3.33 mm의 변화를 나타내었다. 또한 다이오드 검출기 위치에 따른 평균선량 값은 122.82±7.96 cGy∼323.78 ± 11.16 cGy로 나타났다. MPBP에서 TLD의 측정 결과는 직장 표시 기준점(R1)에서 환자1과 4는 상대오차가 각각 최고 8.6%와 7.7%를 보였고, 환자2와 3은 각각 1.7%와 1.2%의 오차를 보였다. 그리고 R과 R2에서 측정한 선량 값들은 환자 2의 R 지점을 제외하고 계산값과 비교하여 1.7∼8.6% 높은 값을 나타냈다. 그리고 반복측정으로 인한 위치변화와 그에 따른 선량 값의 변화는 분석하지 않았다. 계산 값과 측정값의 상대오차가 미국의학물리학회 보고서에서 권고한 15% 내에서 잘 일치하는 것으로 분석되었다. 결 론: 자체 제작된 근접치료용 다목적 팬톰(MPBP)은 치료 시와 동일한 조건에서 선량측정의 재현성을 이룰 수 있었고, 직장의 기준점에서 선량을 정확히 분석할 수 있었다. 또한 팬톰에서 측정한 데이터를 이용하여 직장의 부작용을 줄이기 위해 치료 전 선량 최적화를 이루는데 충분한 자료로 활용할 수 있다고 판단되었다. Purpose: In this work we designed and made MPBP (Multi Purpose Brachytherapy Phantom). The MPBP enables one to reproduce the same patient set-up in MPBP as the treatment of the patient and we tried to get an exact analysis of rectal doses in the phantom without need of in-vivo dosimetry. Materials and Methods: Dose measurements were tried at a point of rectum 1, the reference point of rectum, with a diode detector for 4 patients treated with tandem and ovoid for a brachytherapy of a cervix cancer. Total 20 times of rectal dose measurements were made with 5 times a patient. The set-up variation of the diode detector was analyzed. The same patient set-ups were reproduced in self-made MPBP and then rectal doses were measured with TLD. Results: The measurement results of the diode detector showed that the set-up variation of the diode detector was the maximum 11.25±0.95 mm in the y-direction for Patient 1 and the maximum 9.90±2.40 mm, 20.85± 4.50 mm, and 19.15±3.33 mm in the z-direction for Patient 2, 3, and 4, respectively. In analyzing the degree of variation in 3 directions the more variation was showed in the z-direction than x- and y-direction except Patient 1. The results of TLD measurements in MPBP showed the relative maximum error of 8.6% and 7.7% at a point of rectum 1 for Patient 1 and 4, respectively and 1.7% and 1.2% for Patient 2 and 3, respectively. The doses measured at R1 and R2 were higher than those calculated except R point of Patient 2. This can be thought to related to the algorithm of dose calculation, whcih corrects for air and water but is guessed not to consider the correction for the scattered rays, but by considering the self-error (±5%) TLD has the relative error of values measured and calculated was analyzed to be in a good agreement within 15%. Conclusion: The reproducibility of dose measurements under the same condition as the treatment could be achieved owing to the self-made MPMP and the dose at the point of interest could be analyzed accurately. If a treatment is performed after achieving dose optimization using the data obtained in the phantom, dose will be able to be minimized to important organs.

Tooth Loss and Long-term Clinical Outcomes in Kidney Transplantation Recipients

허현아,박수현,윤현중,표성운 대한통합치과학회 2023 대한통합치과학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Tooth loss is considered as a representative index of poor oral health. The aim of this study was to identify clinical outcomes following kidney transplantation in relation with the number of tooth loss. Clinical data from 978 patients receiving kidney transplantation between 2010 and 2020 in a single cohort was investigated. Groups were divided according to number of tooth loss (0 to 4, 5 to 9, over 10). Retrospective study was performed by univariate and multivariate logistic statistical analysis for association of clinical variables, recipient’s kidney function, acute rejection episode after kidney transplantation and death with the number of tooth loss. The age, gender, body mass index, accompanying comorbidities, preoperative laboratory values and immunosuppressive regimens were not related with the number of tooth group. No significant association was found between the number of tooth loss and kidney function and risk of rejection after kidney transplantation. However, tooth loss was positively associated with patient survival who had more than 10 teeth lost (HR 26.268, 95% CI 3.506-196.82, P<0.001). There was no direct evidence that poor oral health could worsen the clinical outcome of kidney transplantation. However, the status of tooth loss might jeopardize the survival of kidney transplantation recipients. The participation of oral health care providers in the transplantation team is recommended.

신탁원부와 신탁공시의 대항력

허현 서울대학교 금융법센터 2019 BFL Vol.94 No.-

韓國敎育의 諸問題

許鉉 中央大學校 師範大學 敎育學會 1957 敎育 硏究 Vol.1 No.1

한국의학물리학회 선형가속기 외부 품질관리 실시 현황보고

허현도,조광환,조삼주,최상현,김동욱,황의중,김기환,민철기,최태진,오영기,이승준,박달,박성광,지영훈,Huh, Hyun Do,Cho, Kwang Hwan,Cho, Sam Ju,Choi, Sang Hyoun,Kim, Dong Wook,Hwang, Ui-Jung,Kim, Ki Hwan,Min, Chul Kee,Choi, Tae Jin,Oh, Young Kee,Le 한국의학물리학회 2013 의학물리 Vol.24 No.4

전문가 그룹의 외부검사를 통하여 의료기관 자체적으로 시행되고 있는 품질관리를 평가하고 구조적 문제점에 대한 상호보완을 하고자 하였다. 외부 검사의 정당성 확보를 위해 전국 80여 개의 의료기관 중 지역 분포를 고려하여 30여 개를 선정하였고, 최종 25개의 의료기관이 자발적 참여의사를 신청하였다. 참여의료기관은 비공개를 원칙으로 하였고, 사전에 상호 비교하여 검증된 측정 장비를 가지고 직접 방문하여 측정하는 것을 원칙으로 하였다. 두 개 이상의 광자선을 대상으로 출력선량을 측정하였고, 갠트리회전 정확도, 콜리메이터 회전 정확도, 다엽콜리메이터 이동 위치 정확도 등을 측정하였다. 출력선량 측정에서 6 MV의 경우 -0.8%~4.5%까지 절대오차를 보였고, 10 MV의 경우 -0.79%~3.01%이었고, 15 MV에서 -0.7%~0.07% 절대오차를 나타내었다. 25개 의료 기관을 대상으로 한 50개의 광자선 중에서 절대 흡수선량이 2% 이상 되는 에너지가 8개(16%)로 나타났다. 조사면과 갠트리, 콜리메이터 회전축 일치도는 2개 의료기관을 제외하고 모두 ${\pm}2$ mm 이내의 결과를 보였다. 다엽콜리메이터 이동 위치 정확도는 모두 ${\pm}1$ mm 이내의 정확도를 보였다. 에너지 선질 조사에서 광자선 6 MV의 경우 KQ 값의 최고값과 최저값의 차이는 0.4%로 나타났다. 물 흡수선량 기반 측정 기준서 사용기관은 21개(84%), 공기 흡수선량 기반 측정 기준서 사용기관은 4개(16%)로 조사되었고, SSD 측정법을 사용하는 기관은 22개, SAD 측정법을 사용하는 기관은 3개 기관으로 조사되었다. 외부검사는 자체적으로 시행되고 있는 품질관리의 구조적인 문제점을 찾아 상호 보완하는 것임으로 매우 중요하다. 따라서 전문가 그룹 및 국가가 함께 주기적이고, 지속적인 외부검사가 시행 될 수 있도록 국제 수준의 전문가의 양성 및 국가지원 제도가 필요하다고 사료된다. The aim of this work is to verify the self-quality assurances in medical institutions in Korea through the external audits by the group of experts and have a mutual discussion of the systematic problems. In order to validate the external audits 30 of 80 medical institutions across the nation were picked out considering the regional distribution and the final 25 institutions applied voluntarily to take part in this work. The basic rules were setup that any information of the participants be kept secrete and the measurements be performed with the dosimetry system already verified through intercomparision. The outputs for 2 or more photon beams, the accuracy of gantry rotation and collimator rotation and the poistional accuracy of MLC movement were measured. The findings for the output measurement showed the differences of -0.8%~4.5%, -0.79%~3.01%, and -0.7%~0.07% with respect to that of the verified dosimetry system for the 6MV, 10MV, and 15MV, respectively. For the reference absorbed dose 8 (16%) of 50 photon beams in 25 medical institutions differed 2.0% or greater from the reference value. The coincidences of Field size with x-ray beam and radiation isocenters of Gantry roration and collimator rotation gave the results of within ${\pm}2$ mm for every institute except 2 institutions. The positional accuracy of MLC movement agreed to within ${\pm}1$ mm for every institute. For the beam qualities of 6 MV photon beams kQ values showed the distribution within 0.4% between maximum and minimum. For the protocols 21 institutions (84%) used absorbed dose to water based protocol while 4 insitutions (16%) used air kerma based one. 22 institutions employed the SSD technique while 3 institutions did the SAD one. External audit plays an important role in discovering the systematic problems of self-performing Quality Assurances and having in depth discussion for mutual complementation. Training experts of international level as well as national support system are required so that both the group of experts of medical physicists and government laboratory could perform together periodical and constant external audits.