일부 지역 청소년의 영양강화식품 이용 실태 조사

양자경,김선효 한국식생활문화학회 2004 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.19 No.4

Fortified foods are consumed widely in modem society according to increased concern on health oriented foods. This study investigated the patterns of vitamin- and/or mineral-fortified food use among 677 teenage students(13-18 years of age) in Chungnam province and Daejeon city in Korea using questionnaire. More than 63.7% of total subjects consumed more than one package of fortified foods belonged to more than three categories of five categories including sweets/biscuits, ramyons, beverages, milk and dairy products, and breads as a frequency of more than 1-2 times/ week during previous three months prior to present survey. Consumption of fortified foods was higher in middle school students than in high school students(p〈0.05), and in females than in males(p〈0.001). Users of fortified foods took the snacks more often(p〈0.001), and they tended to believe more positively that fortification can be helpful in health maintenance than did non-users. Users preferred vitamin C and Ca(calcium) as a fortified nutrient. Major fortified nutrients in fortified foods taken by users were various; vitamin B-complex and Ca from sweets/biscuits, Ca from ramyons, vitamin C and Ca from beverages, Ca and iron from milk and dairy products and breads. These results suggest that fortified foods are used commonly and are influenced by several factors among teenagers. Types of fortified nutrient, in fortified foods taken by subjects, are various and fortification is performed unspecifically. As a consequence both nutrition education and government regulation on fortified foods should be enforced to maximize the benefits and minimize the hazard of their use.

유청분말 첨가 국수의 품질 특성

김선경,유양자 동아시아식생활학회 2001 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.11 No.5

Quality characteristics of conventional and whey noodles were investigated by studying the textural properties, cooking properties, and sensory characteristics. The whey noodles were prepared by mixing whey powder with the wheat flour before noodle production, with the mixture ratio ranging between 1 and 7% in volume. The results are summarized as follows- the addition of whey powder noticeably improved the textural characteristics of the cooked noodles, i.e, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. The best results were obtained using the following percentage of whey in the mixture: the hardness with 1% added, the gumminess and chewiness with 3% added, and the elasticity with a 7% addition. The tension force also increased with addition of whey powder. The highest tension force was obtained when 3% of the whey was mixed. While the cooking water of the general noodles displayed a light reddish tint, the cooking water of the whey noodles had a yellow-greenish tint. The cooking water of the whey noodles was more turbid than that of the conventional noodles. The whey noodles increased in volume more than the conventional noodles, after cooking. There was no difference in weight increase and water absorption rates between both types of noodles. More favorable results were shown for appearance, color, texture, and sensory acceptability in the whey noodle than in the conventional noodles.

Benson's Group Additivity Method를 이용한 염화다환방향족 화합물의 열역학적물성치 평가와 생성반응경로에 관한 연구

임지선,박자영,원양수,최성필 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1995 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.1

도시폐기물 소각시설에서 다이옥신류는 chlorobenzene, chlorophenols, PCBs등의 염소성분이 포함된 방향족화합물과 함께 폐기물의 소각처리시 불완전 연소로 인해 주로 생성된다. 이들 다이옥신 생성에 대한 반응메카니즘의 예측에 필요한 다이옥신을 형성하는 전구물질인 분자 및 radical의 정확한 열역학적 물성치를 평가하기 위해 Benson's group additivity method에서는 고려되지 않는 Cl, F, OH, CH3등과 같은 2개 이상의 치환기가 결합된 방향족화합물에 대한 computer code인 THERM을 이용하여 엔탈피(Hf), 엔트로피(St), 열용량(Cp)을 평가하였다. 또한 이와 같은 열역학적 물성치 평가법의 신뢰성을 검토하기 위해 다양한 방향족화합물에 대한 실험적으로 측정된 문헌치와 평가치와의 절대오차는 para-cresol의 0.02kcal/mole에서 hexamethylbenzene의 3.46kcal/mole로 좁은 범위를 나타내었다. 또한 다이옥신을 생성하는 전구물질들의 열역학적 물성치를 THERM을 이용해 간접적으로 평가함으로써 다이옥신을 형성하는 주요 생성반응 경로에 대해 살펴본 결과는 다이옥신을 형성하는 기초반응(elementary reaction)중 욤소수가 많은 반응물질일수록 반응이 더 잘 일어남을 알수 있었다. Chlorinated dioxins are often observed in effluent from oxidation or incineration such as chlorobenzenes, chlorophenols and PCBs. It would be of significant value to have an accurate and fundamental understanding of the mechanism for dioxin formation, in addition to the knowledge of dioxin thermodynamic properties, in order to assist in the design of stategies to effectively control or reduce emissions of these compounds. Very little has been published on the thermodynamic properties and elementary reactions which lead to formation of dioxins. Benson group additivity method, when used for the estimation of thermodynamic properties of molecules, does not account for all interactions between functional groups or atoms on aromatics, such as chlorines, hydroxyl or ether linkages. Therefore thermodynamic properties of dioxins are estimated by THERM based on Benson's group additivity method corrected by interactions group. Absolute errors between our predictions and literature values range from a low of 0.02 kcal/mole for paracresol to a high 3.46kcal/mole for hexamethylbenzene. We use these thermodynamic calculations to show the feasibility of several elementary reaction pathways leading to dioxin formation, where the presence of chlorine acts to enhance or lower the Gibbs free energy of reactions.

마우스 단위법에 의한 테트로도톡신 중독사 판정사례(제2보)

정희선,김은미,김인숙,양자열 內務部 國立科學搜査硏究所 1996 國立 科學 搜査 硏究所 年報 Vol.28 No.-

산화법에 의한 N-치환 히드라존의 합성

이기창,권순자,양천회 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1983 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.2 No.-

In acetone-ammonia system with amines, N-Substituted hydrazone was synthesized by the oxidation of hydrogenperoxide. The results are as follows : 1. The yield of phenylhydrazone was increased and that of azone decreawed with increasing the aniline added. 2. The excess of aniline was unfarorable for preparation of both azine and hydrazone. 3. Similar behavior was observed for t-butylamine to afford acetone t-butylhydrazone and azine, while cyclohexylamine resulted in the exclusive formation of 2-cyclohexyl-3, 3-dimethyloxaziridine.

혈액관리학과 교육과정 개발

조갑철,최양자,신기수,손선영 적십자간호전문대학 2000 적십자간호전문대학논문집 Vol.22 No.-

전기자극 스트레스와 심리적 갈등상황을 받은 동물에서 Lymphokine-activated killer 세포능의 변화에 대한 연구

김정목,박호선,한상진,박장환,조양자 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1991 環境科學論文集 Vol.12 No.-

스트레스를 받은 개체는 면역능이 변화되어 그 결과 여러 병원체에 대한 감염 또는 종양에 대한 감수성이 증가된다는 사실이 알려지고 있다. 따라서 스트레스에 의한 LAK 또는 자연살해 세포에 대한 영향은 면역능의 약화를 초래하여 인체에 커다란 위험요소로 작용하리라 추정된다. 본 연구는 회피-회피 갈등 상황을 유발시킬 수 있는 Skinner box를 이용하여 전기적인 물리적 스트레스와 의사 결정에 따르는 심리적인 갈등상황 스트레스를 유발시킨 rat를 대상으로 비장세포 임파구를 분리하여 IL-2(1,000U/㎖)로 자극을 가한 LAK 세포의 YAC-1 세포에 대한 활성능을 검토하였다. 전기자극 강도에 따른 세포 독성능의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 전반부 24시간 동안의 전기 쇼크의 강도를 1.0㎃부터 12시간 후 1.3㎃로 증가 시킨 뒤, 후반부 12시간을 1.6㎃, 그리고 나머지 12시간을 1.9㎃로 자극을 가한 고전류군(high current group)과 전반부 24시간 동안은 1.0㎃, 그리고 후반부 24시간 동안을 1.3㎃로 자극을 가해준 저전류군(low current group)과의 세포 독성능을 비교한 결과, conflict group의 경우 고전류군과 저전류군의 평균 % 세포독성능은 6.25 : 1 에서 6.1±2.18% 및 9.5±2.70%였고, 12.5 : 1 에서 11.0±1.87% 및 11.6±2.90%, 25 : 1 에서 14.0±3.52% 및 21.5±1.92%, 50 : 1에서 28.0±4.57% 및 33.4±3.65%, 100 : 1에서 37.8±4.58% 및 44.2±1.64%를 나타내어서 저전류군에 비하여 고전류군에서 평균 세포 독성능이 더욱 감소함을 관찰할 수 있었다. 갈등사황 없이 무기력 조건이 제시되는 yoked group의 경우 고전류군과 저전류군의 평균 % 세포독성능은 6.25 : 1에서 6.3±1.74 및 12.6±2.04%였고, 12.5 : 1 에서 13.5±2.28% 및 18.4±3.04%, 25 : 1 에서 19.6±2.60% 및 28.3±1.585, 50 : 1 에서 35.0±2.12% 및 37.0±1.76%, 100 : 1 에서 46.9±2.11% 및 53.6±2.13%였다. 전기자극을 받지 않은 Skinner-box control의 경우 평균 % 세포 독성능은 6.25 : 1 에서 11.0±3.52%, 12.5 : 1 에서 18.7±1.79%, 25 : 1 에서 28.7±2.25%, 50 : 1 에서 43.2±1.33%, 그리고 100 : 1 에서 58.1±2.14%로 home cage control에 비하여 활성능이 감소를 나타내었다. 이상의 성적으로 보아 전기자극이라는 물리적인 충격과 더불어 심리적 갈등상황에 의하여 면역능이 감소될 수 있음을 보여 주었다. 그리고 이런 감소는 충격의 강도가 증가할수록 심하였고, 특히 외부 자극에 반응해야 하는 심리적인 갈등이 면역능을 더욱 억압할 수 있음을 제시하여 주었다. Exposure to stress can suppress the immune system and contributes to the progress of certain diseases, such as neoplasia and infectious diseases. Lymphokine-activated killer(LAK) cells are capable of lysing fresh, natural killer-resistant tumor cell targets. Recent evidences suggest that LAK activity can be attributed primarily to interleukin-2(IL-2)-activated natural killer(NK) cells. NK cells are a subpopulation of lymphocytes that spontaneously recognize and selectively kill certain tumor cells and bacteria or virus infected cells and hence seem to be particularly involved in immune surveillance against neoplastic diseases. Thus activity of LAK or NK cells may be markedly reduced in experimental animals by stress. This study investigated the effects of physical stress by electric shock and psychological stress of the conflict stimulation using Skinner box on LAK cell cytotoxicity of splenic lymphocytes in rats. During a first 24 hour-session, the conflict animals received the feedback of the shock termination (or delay) by their lever-pressing coping behavior so that the animals could escape the stress stimulation. During a second 24 hour-session, they were briefly shocked as the first feedback and the shock termination (or delay) as the second feedback of the lever-pressing coping behavior as in the first session. In this way, an avoidance-avoidance conflict condition was induced experimentally. The yoked group did not receive the feedback of shock termination or delay as a result of their lever-pressing behavior, thus these animals were helpless ones under the uncontrollable condition. They received exactly the same amount of shocks as the conflict subjects because their electrodes were wired in series with the conflict animals. Skinner-box control were retained only by way of the tail electrode to which no voltage was applied during the entire session. After a 48hours period, splenic lymphocytes were obtained and were incubated with recombinant human IL-2(1,000unit/㎖) for 72hours. The cytotoxicity of LAK cells was determined by a ?? release assay using YAC-1 murine lymphoma cells. As the effector : target(E/T) ratio was increased and the current was decreased, the LAK cell cytotoxicity was increased. The conflict group showed lower cytotoxicity than yoked group and Skinner-box control. The Skinner-box control was also lower cytotoxicity than home-cage control. These results suggest that LAK cell activity may be suppressed by stress such as psychological(conflict) and physical stress(restriction and electric shock).

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

[P8-140] UV-protective effect of laver extract on HaCaT cells

Sun-Ja Yang,Taejun Han,Eun-Mi Choi 한국식품영양과학회 2010 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2010 No.10

한국 중학생의 척추 측만증 유병률에 관한 연구

홍양자(Yang Ja Hong),정복자(Bog Ja Joung),서승우(Sung Woo Seo),최윤선(Yun Sun Choi) 대한체육학회 2000 대한스포츠융합학회지 (jcses) Vol.4 No.2

The Purpose of this study was evaluate the scoliosis prevalence in middle school students in Korea, and correlate those data with past references and other countries general prevalence. For the purpose, the methods of this study was administered by random survey of 46,428 middle school students in Seoul city was carried out to determine the prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. There were 24,892 boys and 21,536 girls. Their age ranged from 12 to 15 years. Adams forward bending test and Scoliometer(Orthopaedic Systems, Inc, USA) were used to detect and measure the degree of rotation of trunk. Students more than 5 ATR were assessed subsequently by standardized clinical and radiological examinations. The result were as follows: 1. Using 10 degrees as cut-off points, 465 students were found to have structural idiopathic scoliosis, representing a prevalence of 0.9% overall. 2. The prevalence of the scoliosis has not changed from previously estimated rates in Korea, which was about 30 years ago. It nearly approximates with the prevalence of the world wide reported.