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Pretreatment of lignocellulose using recycled ionic liquid for enzymatic saccharification
( Songyi Han ),( Soyeon Kim ),( Seonngmin Ji ),( Chanwoo Park ),( Hyunwoo Namgung ),( Pureunnarae Seo ),( Seunghwan Lee ) 韓國木材工學會 2016 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.2
Ionic liquids is known to have many merits in view of green chemistry, such as high thermal stability, non-volatility, non-flammability, low melting points, excellent dissolution ability compared with volatile organic solvents. With these advantages, ionic liquids have been used as new green solvents in various biorefinery research fields, especially for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass to improve enzymatic saccharification. Especially, 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate ([EMIM]Ac) has been known to be effective for the dissolution of total lignocellulose components. However, ionic liquids are generally more expensive than other organic solvents, which remains a problem to be solved. This study was carried out to investigate how may times [EMIM]Ac) can be reused for the pretreatment, not losing its effectiveness.
Phospholipase D activates HIF-1-VEGF pathway via phosphatidic acid
Han, Songyi,Huh, Jeongsoon,Kim, Wooseong,Jeong, Seongkeun,Min, Do Sik,Jung, Yunjin Nature Publishing Group 2014 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.46 No.12
<P>Growth factor-stimulated phospholipase D (PLD) catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), generating phosphatidic acid (PA) which may act as a second messenger during cell proliferation and survival. Therefore, PLD is believed to play an important role in tumorigenesis. In this study, a potential mechanism for PLD-mediated tumorigenesis was explored. Ectopic expression of PLD1 or PLD2 in human glioma U87 cells increased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein. PLD-induced HIF-1 activation led to the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a HIF-1 target gene involved in tumorigenesis. PLD induction of HIF-1α was significantly attenuated by 1-butanol which blocks PA production by PLD, and PA <I>per se</I> was able to elevate HIF-1α protein level. Inhibition of mTOR, a PA-responsive kinase, reduced the levels of HIF-1α and VEGF in PLD-overexpressed cells. Epidermal growth factor activated PLD and increased the levels of HIF-1α and VEGF in U87 cells. A specific PLD inhibitor abolished expression of HIF-1α and secretion of VEGF. PLD may utilize HIF-1-VEGF pathway for PLD-mediated tumor cell proliferation and survival.</P>
Effect of [EMIM]Ac amount remained in the pretreated lignocellulose on enzymatic saccharification
( Songyi Han ),( Chanwoo Park ),( Hyunwoo Namgung ),( Pureunnarae Seo ),( Seunghwan Lee ) 韓國木材工學會 2016 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.2
The pretreatment to open up or disrupt the cell wall structure of lignocellulosic biomass is an essential process to improve the enzymatic saccharification. Ionic liquids have been used as new green solvents for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass to improve enzymatic saccharification. l-Eethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate ([EMIM]Ac) is one of the best ionic liquids for the enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. However, [EMIM]Ac is known to inhibit the activity of enzyme and difficult to be completely removed from the pretreated product. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of the [EMIM]Ac amount remained in the pretreated lignocellulose on enzymatic saccharification by adjusting its amount during washing process with distilled water after pretreatment. The pussy willow (Salix gracilistyla Miq.) was used as lignocellulosic biomass and enzyme was performed using enzyme cocktail with acremonium-derived enzyme (Meiji Seika Co., Tokyo, Japan) and optimash BG (Genencor, Rochester, New york, USA) at 45℃ for 72 hours using shaking incubator.
( Songyi Han ),( Youlim Kim ),( Yeonjoo Lee ),( Jong Sung Park ),( Young-jae Cho ),( Ho Il Yoon ),( Jae Ho Lee ),( Choon-taek Lee ),( Sang Hoon Lee ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2017 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.124 No.-
Background: There were evidences that IPF is one of the important risk factor of lung cancer (LC) and as time passes after the diagnosis of IPF. In this study, we aim to find out what treatments are associated with a better prognosis for LC patients with IPF. Method: From 2003 to 2016, a total of 299 patients with both IPF and LC were searched by the diagnostic name in the Seoul National University Bundang hospital. 168 patients were included in the analysis except for other form of ILD, infection (n=13), other malignancy (n=11), and missing data (n=102). Among the patients, 21 were conservative therapy, 66 were surgery, 69 were chemotherapy, and 6 were treated for radiation therapy as primary treatment. GAP score was calculated with gender, age, FVC, and DLCO as Ley et al. reported. Results: The average age was 69.9 years and the men were dominant (92.9%). The overall survival rate was high in surgery (p<0.001; HR, 0.144) and chemotherapy (p=0.046; HR, 0.487). Surgery (p=0.014; HR, 0.244) increased the survival rate in the lung cancer stage I, II, and IIIa, and chemotherapy (p<0.001; HR, 0.168) and surgery (p=0.003; HR, 0.033) improved the survival rate in the IIIb and IV, compared to the conservative care. The survival rate was improved by surgery (p<0.001; HR, 0.132) in GAP stage I and was increased by chemotherapy (p = 0.007; HR, 0.145) in stages II and III. Conclusion: Although the motality of IPF-associated LC is higher than lung cancer only, it seems to be effective for surgery or chemotherapy depending on the lung cancer or IPF stage.
휴대폰 환경에서의 근적외선 얼굴 및 홍채 다중 인식 연구
한송이(Songyi Han),강병준(Byung Jun Kang),박강령(Kang Ryoung Park),박소영(So-Young Park) 대한전자공학회 2008 電子工學會論文誌-CI (Computer and Information) Vol.45 No.2
휴대폰에서 보안 필요성이 증가함에 따라 개인 인증을 위하여 홍채, 지문, 얼굴과 같은 단일 생체 정보를 이용한 많은 연구들이 진행되었으나 단일 생체 인식에서는 인식 정확도에 한계가 있었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 휴대폰 환경에서 고 인식율을 위해 얼굴과 홍채를 결합하는 방법에 대해 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 근적외선 조명과 근적외선 통과 필터를 부착한 휴대폰의 메가 픽셀 카메라를 사용하여 근적외선 얼굴 및 홍채 영상을 동시에 취득한 후, SVM(Support Vector Machine)을 기반으로 스코어 레벨에서 결합하였다. 또한, 저 연산의 로가리듬(Logarithm) 알고리즘을 사용한 얼굴 데이터의 조명 변화에 대한 정규화와 극 좌표계 변환 및 홍채 코드의 비트 이동 매칭에 의한 홍채 영역의 이동, 회전, 확대 및 축소에 대한 정규화를 통해 SVM의 분류 복잡도와 얼굴, 홍채 데이터의 본인 변화도를 최소화함으로써 인식 정확도를 향상시켰으며, 저 연산의 휴대폰 환경에서 정수형 기반의 얼굴 및 홍채 인식 알고리즘을 사용하여 처리시간을 향상시켰다. 실험 결과, SVM을 사용한 인식의 정확성이 단일 생체(얼굴 또는 홍채), SUM, MAX, MIN 그리고 Weighted SUM을 사용하는 것보다 우수한 것을 알 수 있었다. As the security requirements of mobile phones have been increasing, there have been extensive researches using one biometric feature (e.g., an iris, a fingerprint, or a face image) for authentication. Due to the limitation of uni-modal biometrics, we propose a method that combines face and iris images in order to improve accuracy in mobile environments. This paper presents four advantages and contributions over previous research. First, in order to capture both face and iris image at fast speed and simultaneously, we use a built-in conventional mega pixel camera in mobile phone, which is revised to capture the NIR (Near-InfraRed) face and iris image. Second, in order to increase the authentication accuracy of face and iris, we propose a score level fusion method based on SVM (Support Vector Machine). Third, to reduce the classification complexities of SVM and intra-variation of face and iris data, we normalize the input face and iris data, respectively. For face, a NIR illuminator and NIR passing filter on camera are used to reduce the illumination variance caused by environmental visible lighting and the consequent saturated region in face by the NIR illuminator is normalized by low processing logarithmic algorithm considering mobile phone. For iris, image transform into polar coordinate and iris code shifting are used for obtaining robust identification accuracy irrespective of image capturing condition. Fourth, to increase the processing speed on mobile phone, we use integer based face and iris authentication algorithms. Experimental results were tested with face and iris images by mega-pixel camera of mobile phone. It showed that the authentication accuracy using SVM was better than those of uni-modal (face or iris), SUM, MAX, MIN and weighted SUM rules.
서울시 일부 보건소에 등록된 폐결핵 재발 환자의 특성에 관한 연구
한송이(Songyi Han),김순덕(Soonduck Kim),박종순(Jongsoon Park),지선미(Seonmi Ji),이제숙(Jesuk Lee) 한국역학회 2003 Epidemiology and Health Vol.25 No.2
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to survey general and clinical characteristics of a group of relapsed patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, who are registered at a public health center in order to provide basic data for treatment of a patient s relapse, follow-up examination after the flrst treatment and health education. Subject: Among 68 relapsed patients with pulmonary tuberculosis registered at two public health centers in Seoul from Jan, I, 2002 to Dec. 31, 2002, 50 patients were selected as research subjects because they were contactable by telephone and they agreed to be a research subject. Method: The research carried out the structured questionnaire survey by telephone and surveyed research subjects' general and clinical characteristics, diseases except tuberculosis, drinking and smoking habit and knowledge about pulmonary tuberculosis treatment. Furthermore, the results of x-ray, whether a cavity existed or not, bacteriologic test, culture examination and drug resistance examination were examined and interval to relapse and history of dose attitude were surveyed. Results: Among relapsed tuberculosis patients, male patients were 60% and they were more than women(40%). Patients over 60 were 42% most. ]n their occupation, 30% of them were unemployed and 50% of patients surveyed had monthly income below one million won. According to the findings in radiographic extent, most 50% of them were minimal, 44% were moderately advanced and 2% were far advanced. Patients who had cavity were 30%. According to the result in bacteriologic test, 54% showed positive smear pulmonary tuberculosis and 50.0% positive culture. According to the result in drug resistance, 24% showed drug resistance against one drug and 76% showed sensitive response. 46% had experienced medication side effects. According to interval to a relapse, 32% were relapsed less than 2 years, 14% less than 3-5 years and 54% more than 5 years. Average interval before a relapse were 11.6 years(11.6±11.15). There was a difference between their past regimen and their present regimen(P=0.001). The attitude towards taking a medication was assessed and they showed higher compliance with medication at present than in the past(P=0.001). In a case of smoking rate during treatment, the rate of non-smokers, who had been smokers, were higher(P=0.047). Conclusion: As a result, in order to prevent the disease from being relapsed and to increase the rate of treatment effectiveness, we need to make patients recognize the importance of regular follow-up examination and we should control thoroughly the patients. Furthermore, we need to provide them with more health education not to stop taking a medication earlier.