중학교 과학 수업에서 교사와 학생의 언어적 상호작용 분석

최경희,박종윤,최병순,남정희,최경순,이기순 한국과학교육학회 2004 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.24 No.6

이 연구의 목적은 중학교 과학 수업에서 교사와 학생간의 언어적 상호작용이 실제로 어떻게 이루어지고 있는지를 관찰ㆍ분석하여 이에 대한 특징을 추출함으로써 과학 수업에서 교사와 학생간의 언어적 상호작용에 대한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 있다. 이를 위해 수업 분석 준거를 개발하였으며, 8명의 과학 교사의 수업 12차시를 관찰 및 녹화하였으며, 교사와의 면담을 실시하였다. 수업 분석 결과, 관찰한 과학 수업에서 교사와 학생간의 언어적 상호작용은 주로 교사의 단순 확인/기억 질문, 학생의 단답형 응답, 교사의 즉각적 피드백이 주를 이루었다. 교사가 사고 질문을 하고 지연 피드백을 부여 하는 경우 학생들이 자신의 생각을 드러내고 이를 기반으로 사고를 진전시켜 나갈 수 있었으나 이러한 사례는 그 수가 상당히 적었다. 교사들은 학생들의 사고를 유발하고 이를 진전시키기 위한 노력보다는 수업 내용을 논리적 흐름에 맞추어 체계적으로 제시하는 것에 더 큰 중점을 두는 경향이 있었다. 또한 관찰한 수업에서 교사가 시범 실험, 모형 혹은 실물 수업자료 등을 활용할 때 보다 많은 수의 학생들이 적극적으로 수업에 참여하여 자신의 생각을 드러내었으나 교사가 학생들의 생각을 바탕으로 학생들의 사고과정을 진전시켜 나가는 과정을 도모하지 않음으로써 학생들의 사고과정을 단절시키는 경우가 많았다. 따라서 수업 활동과 수업 자료 활용이 효과를 거두기 위해서는 각각의 활용에 있어서 학생들과 구체적으로 어떠한 상호 작용을 형성해야 하는지에 대해 연구가 이루어져야하며, 또한 교사는 교사의 질문이나 피드백이 학생들의 학습에 중요한 역할을 함을 인식해야 한다. The purpose of this study is to analyze verbal interaction between teachers and students in order to collect qualitative data on the characteristics of the interaction to enhance teaching efficacy. Total of 12 classes of eight science teachers were observed and were interviewed. The classes were video taped and all the verbal interactions were transcribed. The transcribed content and interviews were further analyzed to draw any conclusions on the verbal interaction between teachers and students. Analysis criteria for the data on the class and interview were developed based on the literature review and applied to analyze the collected content. The analyzed data showed that verbal interactions composed of confirmation questions for memorization, students' short responses and teacher's immediate feedbacks. The results of the study also suggested that there needs to be further studies on the interactional techniques for teacher in utilizing the class materials and activities. The teachers should acknowledge the importance of the questions and feedbacks of teachers for students to stimulate their sound learning through literatures.

치아우식증 수복용 복합레진의 개발과 치아 적합성에 관한 연구 제 3 편 : 각종 용액내에서의 표면경도 변화와 세포독성에 관한 연구

최유진,조한국,민병순 大韓齒科器材學會 1992 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.19 No.2

This studies were planned to evaluate the cytotoxicity of cured experimental composite resin using a cell culture method, and the hardness changes of it stored in various aqueous acids and ethanol with considerations that solubility of resin surfaces will occure the decrease of hardness should be related with toxicity occured by elucited components. Cytotoxicity of experimental resins were tested by agar overlay methods, and some solutions in which disc type resin specimens will be stored were prepared by dilution of ethanol or acids into distilled water. The microhardness of experimental and commercial dental restorative composite materials exposed to various chemicals were measured with micro Vicker's hardness tester. Following conclusions were drawn : 1. KCR-22, experimental composite resins prepared in this study exhibited the same degree of cytotoxicity with commercial products. 2. The intensity of cytotoxicity decreased after incorporation of filler to BIS-GMA based resins. 3. The hardness numbers decreased dramatically once the composite had been immersed in ethanol solutions, however any of acidic solutions did not show the decrease of VHN. 4. The incorporation of fillers to BIS-GMA based resins which showed the double increased VHN than unfilled resins. 5. Surface hardness were increased rapidly in saline compared to it in air.

진폐소견의 판독에 영향을 미치는 요인

최병순 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.4

To find the factors affecting reading agreement of pneumoconiotic findings of simple chest P-A films and to develop the definite quality assurance (Q.A) program for the reading of pneumoconiosis, I gathered the reading reports of the previously developed forty four chest films from nationwide thirty nine radiologists and compared those with the findings decided by the stepwise panel readings of the highly qualified eight radiologists. The reading agreement of profusion by complete of short classification was higher in the radiologists with sufficient reading experiences of pneumoconiosis during residency training. It was also higher in the radiologists with reference to ILO standard films or those working in the agencies for pneumoconiosis within one category of profusion by complete classification. Other factors were not related with the reading agreement of profusion. In small opacity and pleural thickening, there were not any consistent and meaningful findings between the reading agreement and radiologists' characteristics. From the above results, it is necessary to develop the Q.A program to improve the reading agreement of pneumoconiotic findings, especially small opacity and pleural lesions.

한국의 석탄광업에서 발생한 진폐증의 실태 : 발생에 관여하는 요인 및 발생률 Risk Factors and Incidence Density

최병순 大韓産業醫學會 1996 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Pneumoconiosis, especially Coalworkers' Pneumoconiosis(CWP), is the principal occupation-related disease in Korea because of the large number of effected workers. Coal mines and miners have been reduced abruptly during recent 8 year, but coal mining should be kept in Korea. Recently, pneumoconiotic workers are increasing in manufacturing industry. It is necessary to know the characteristics of CWP to prevent the development of CWP and manage employed or retired pneumoconiotic workers. Furthermore, it is also necessary to study CWP to protect workers from pneumoconiosis in manufacturing industry. Of the total of 6,452 workers who were diagnosed as CWP initially during the 20 years from 1973 to 1992, X-ray category was as follows : category 1(35.2%). category 2(23.1%), suspicious(0/1 category, 13.4%), category 3(5.7%), large opacity(3.5%), unknown by complete classification(19.1%). The patients' cardiopulmonary disability was as follows : no disability 79.3%, slight 14.2%, mild 4.1%, moderate 1.9%, severe 0.5%. The patients' X-ray category and disability were not related with the initially exposed age or job position, but their severity was positively related with the exposed duration that was adjusted by the initially exposed age. Also, the patients' X-ray category and disability had positive relationship each other. the cumulative exposure dose of silica was more important than that of respirable dust in the development of large opacity CWP. The annual incidence density of CWP was 73.2 persons in 1982 and 75.8 persons in 1986 per 10,000 person years. Afterthen it has been gradually decreasing and was in the range of 20-30 persons in the period of 1989-1992.

Polyphosphate가 Porphyromonas endodontalis의 성장에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

최성백,최호영,민병순,박상진,이진용,최기운 大韓齒科保存學會 1998 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.23 No.1

Polyphosphate has been used to prevent decomposition of foods and has been shown to have inhibitory effect on the growth of gram positive bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of polyphosphate on the growth of Porphyromonas endodontalis, a gram negative endodontopathic bacterium. Porphyromonas endodontalis ATCC 35406 was grown in the presence of polyphosphates with different chain lengths. Inhibitory effect of each polyphosphate which was added at the beginnig or during the culture, was determined by measuring the optical density of the bacterial cell at 540nm and by viable cell count. The results from this study were as follows : 1. Polyphosphates were shown the growth inhibition of the Porphyromonas endodontalis. 2. The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of polyphosphate was observed to be 0.04%. 3. Polyphosphates with chain lengths of 25 and 75 demonstrated the greatest inhibitory effect on the growth of Porphyromonas endodontalis. 4. Polyphosphates are bactericidal to Porphyromonas endodontalis, demonstrating the growth inhibition of the bacterium. The overall results suggest that use of polyphosphate may affect the growth of Porphyromonas endodontalis. Further studies will be needed to confirm the effect of Polyphosphate.

진폐증의 연구와 진단을 위한 방사선학적 방법들의 비교 : Simple Radiography and Computed Tomography 단순 방사선검사와 컴퓨터 단층촬영

최병순 大韓産業醫學會 1995 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

The classification for pneumoconiosis which was developed by International Labour Office(ILO) on the basis of Radiological findings of simple chest radiography has been widely used for the study and diagnosis of pneumoconiosis. But many problems have been revealed during the pneumoconiosis study using this classification. Those problems come from simple radiography itself or classification systems. Among those, inter-reader and intra-reader variability are the severest problems, even though many efforts have been devoted to lessen the variability. With introduction of computed tomography(conventional CT and HRCT), we are learning many new aspects about the occupational lung diseases, especially pneumoconiosis. So the studies for pneumoconiosis using tomography are reviewed, focusing on silicosis, coalworkers' pneumoconiosis, and asbestosis. But in our country, the studies of that kind are very scant. It is necessary to study and diagnose pneumoconiosis by CT, because that is the need of workers and the responsibility of physicians working in the field of occupational medicine. CT is superior to simple radiography in early detection, determination of severity, and follow-up of pneumoconiosis. But simple radiography is and should be the main method for the study and diagnosis of pneumoconiosis. Although, because of radiation hazard, cost, time, and geographical availability, the method can not and should not be used on the routine basis, we have to consider the use of CT, if possible and if necessary. Before using CT widely, we should develop the standardized criteria regarding to scanning methods and reading criteria. If not, the same problems as those of simple radiography will be occurred, and then there will be no progress in occupational medicine and workers' health.

Microabrasive로 처리한 상아질표면에 대한 복합레진의 결합강도에 관한 연구

최경규,민병순 大韓齒科保存學會 1997 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.22 No.1

Methotrexate 치료를 받고 있는 활동성 류마티스 관절염 환자에서 etanercept의 유효성과 안전성에 관한 연구

최병렬,강태영,정청일,이혜순,엄완식,김태환,전재범,유대현,배상철 대한내과학회 2004 대한내과학회지 Vol.66 No.5

목적 : 류마티스 관절염을 앓고 있는 한국인 중에 기존 DMARDs로 치료 실패하였고, 고정용량의 MTX를 복용하고 있는 환자들에 있어서 etanercept의 유효성과 안전성을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법 : 기존 DMARDs로 치료 실패한 활동성 류마티스 관절염 환자 76명을 대상으로 하여 단일군, 공개시험을 하였다. 대상 환자들은 고정용량의 MTX를 복용하면서 etanercept 25 mg을 1주일에 두 번 피하 주사하였으며 12주간 투여하였다. 유효성은 ACR 20, ACR 50,조조강직 시간으로 평가하였고, 약제의 안전성은 이상반응 등으로 평가하였다. 결과 : 대상 환자는 총 76명으로 평균 연령은 45.2세, 남자 5명, 여자 71명이었다. 84.4%인 54명이 12주째에 ACR 20을 만족하였고, 53.1%인 34명이 12주째에 ACR 50을 만족하였다. 조조 강직 시간은 치료 전 203.3분에서 치료 12주째 42.6분을 평균 74.5% 호전되었다. 가장 흔한 이상반응은 주사부위 반응이었다. 이외에도 상기도 감염, 오심, 안면부종 등이 발생하였으나 심각한 부작용은 없었다. 결론 : etanercept는 효과적이고, 안전한 류마티스 관절염 치료 방법이며 특히 MTX치료에도 불구하고 활동성인 류마티스 관절염에 기대되는 치료라고 할 수 있다. Background : This study was performed to investigate the efficacy and safety of etanercept in active rheumatoid arthritis patients with stable dose of methotrexate in Korean. Methods : In a 12 week, single arm, open trial, we assigned 76 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis who had an inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Patients received twice-weekly subcutaneous injections of etanercept 25 ㎎ while containing to receive methotrexate at a stable dose of 7.5~25 ㎎ per week. The clinical response was defined as the percent improvement in disease activity according to the criteria of the American Collage of Rheumatology (ACR) at 12 weeks. Results : Etanrecept led to significant improvements in disease activity and was safe and well tolerated. At 12 week, 84.4% of the patients receiving 25 ㎎ of etanercept achieved a 20% ACR response, and 53.1% of those receiving etanercept achieved a 50% ACR response. The most common adverse event was injection-site reaction. Other advanse events were upper respiratory infection, nausea, and facial edema, but there were no serious adverse events associated with etanercept. Conclusion : In active rheumatoid arthritis patients, etanercept was safe, well tolerated, and provided rapid clinical improvements.

치과용 가시광선중합형 복합레진의 잔류단량체 정량분석에 관한 연구

최경규,민병순 大韓齒科保存學會 1992 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study was to estimate the contents of the resicual monoers, such as Bis-GMA and TEGDMA. In this study, materials used were six kinds of anterior and posterior visible lightpcured resins. Resins were placed in disk- shaped Teflon mold (8.5mm in diameter, 2.0mm in thickness), and cured for 20 seconds with visible light soruce attached wide diameter lightguide. The specimens were immersed in 10ml ethanol and stored for 5 days at 37℃. The concentration of residual monomers in eluate solution was analysed by HPLC, and the following results are obtained. 1. The residual Bis-GMA and TEGDMA were detected in all materials used, and the ranges of quantly of the residual Bis-GMA was 0.101-1.346 wt% and that of TEGDMA was 0.230-5.794wt%. 2. The contents of residual TEGDMA was detected higher than that of residualBis-GMA(P<0.01). 3. The content of residual monomers was detected to be highest in Bis-Fil M as microfilled type. 4. In most of the materials used, there was no significant difference in the contents of residual monomers between anterior and posterior light-cured resins.

우레탄도료(TDI)에 의한 직업성 천식 3례

최병순,정해관 大韓産業醫學會 1992 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.4 No.2

TDI-induced bronchial asthma is an important occupation-related disease. The prevalence rate of this asthma is 5-15% of people exposed to TDI. The patients of cases complained of chronic cough, sputum and dyspnea after exposure to TDI. Serum IgE and total eosinophil count were within normal range. In case 1, FEV₁was 59.9% of predicted value on initial visit. FEV₁was decreased to 62.9% of baseline and wheezing sound was detected on 15 minutes after inhalation of TDI by bronchial provocation test. Only immediate reaction was observed. FEV₁was improved to normal ragne 10months later after cease of exposure to TDI. In case 2, FEV₁was 74.2% of predicted value on inital visti, and 44.6% on the second visit. After inhalation of bronchodiator. FEV₁was improved 18.1%. FEV₁was decreased to 40.6% and 49.8% of baseline on 15 minutes and 350minutes, respectively, after inhalation of TDI by bronchial provocation test. Dual reaction was observed. In case 3, FEV₁was 48.2% of predicted value on initial visit. FEV₁was decreased to 58.6% and 62.0% of baseline on 20 minutes and 310 minutes, respectively, after inhalation of TDI by bronchial provocation test. Dual reaction was observed. On follow up examination, the patient complained of an intermittent dyspnea and FEV₁was 51.1% of predicated value.