부산 금정산일대 용천수, 지하수 및 지열수의 지화학적 특성

조명희,함세영,한석종,성익환,이병대,조병욱 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 1999 環境硏究報 Vol.17 No.1

Spring, groundwater and thermal water from the area and the vicinity of Mt. Geumjeong and Mt. Baekyang, Pusan city, has been sampled and analyzed for major and minor elements. According to the Piper diagram, spring water belongs to Ca^2^+-HCO_3^- and Na^+-HCO_3^- types, groundwater to Ca^2^+-HCO_3^- type, and thermal water to Na^+-CI^- type. Based on the phase stability diagrams of [Ca^2^+I/[H^+]^2, [Mg^2^^+I/[H^+]^2, and [Na^+I/[H^+] vs. [H_4SiO_4], spring water, groundwater and thermal water are mostly in equilibrium with kaolinite. The result of factor analysis shows three factors (factor 1,2 and factor 3) for the spring water, the groundwater and the thermal water which are represented by the influence of the dissolution of feldspar, calcite, anthropogenic sources (domestic and industrial wastes) and salt water.

접착제와 와동형성의 차이에 따른 5급 복합레진 수복의 전향적 임상연구

이경욱,정세준,한영철,손호현,엄정문,오명환,조병훈 大韓齒科保存學會 2006 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.31 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 복합레진을 이용한 비우식성 치경부 5급 병소 수복에 있어서, 3가지 다른 접착제를, 유지구를 부여한 치아와 부여하지 않은 치아에 적용하였을 때의 임상적인 효능의 차이를 비교하기 위함이다. 총 150개의 치아를 각각 25개씩 6개의 군으로 나누었다. A군 Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP, 3M ESPE, St, Paul, MN, USA, 4세대 접착제)를 사용하고 유지구를 부여하지 않음. B군: SBMP를 사용하고 유지구를 부여. C군: BC Plus (Vericom Co., Anyang, Gyeonggido, Korea, 5세대 접착제)를 사용하고 유지구를 부여하지 않음. D군: BC Plus를 사용하고 유지구를 부여. E군: Adper Prompt (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany, 6세대 접착제)를 사용하고 유지구를 부여하지 않음. F군: Adper Prompt를 사용하고 유지구를 부여. 모든 치아는 복합레진인 Denfil(Vericom Co., Anyang. Gyonggido. Korea)을 이용하여 충전하였다. 수복 직후와, 수복 6개월 후에 modified USPHS (United States Public Health Service) criteria에 따라 수복물을 임상적으로 평가하였다. 추가적으로 임상사진을 촬영하였으며, 에폭시 레진을 이용하여 복제한 후 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 이를 관찰하였다. 6개월 후 관찰 결과. alpha rating의 수가 각 실험군마다 동일하지는 않았지만, 통계적으로는 3가지의 접착제간에 유의할만한 차이는 없었고, 기계적인 유지구를 부여한 군과 부여하지 않은 군 간에도 유의할만한 차이는 없었다 (p > 0.05). 그러나 6개월의 관찰 기간은 일반적으로 기대되는 레진의 수명보다 짧기 때문에, 각 실험군 간의 차이를 알아보기 위해서는 추후 더 오랜 기간의 관찰이 요구된다. The purpose of this study is to evaluate prospectively the effect of different bonding systems and retention grooves on the clinical performance of resin restorations in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs). Thirty nine healthy adults who had at least 2 NCCLs in their promolar areas were included in this study. One hundred and fifty teeth were equally assigned to six groups; (A) Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP, 3M ESPE, St, Paul, MN, USA, 4th generation bonding system) without retention grooves; (B) SBMP with retention grooves: (C) BC Plus (Vericom Co., Anyang, Gyeonggido, Korea, 5th generation bonding system) without retention grooves; (D) BC Plus with retention grooves; (E) Adper Prompt (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany, 6th generation bonding system) without retention grooves: (F) Adper Prompt with retention grooves. All cavities were filled with a hybrid composite resin, Denfil (Vericom Co., Anyang, Gyeonggido, korea) by one operator. Restorations were evaluated at baseline and at 6-month recall, according to the modified USPHS (United states Public Health Service) criteria, Additionally, clinical photographs were taken and epoxy resin replicas were made for SEM evaluation. At 6-month recall, there were some differences in the number of alpha ratings among the experimental groups. But, despite the differences in the number of alpah ratings, there was no significant difference among the 3 adhesive systems (p > 0.05). There was also no significant difference between the groups with or without mechanical retention (p > 0.05). Follow-ups for longer periods than 6 months are needed to verify the clinical performance of different bonding systems and retention grooves. 〔J Kor Acad Cons Dent 31(4):300-311, 2006〕

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Treated with Entecavir or Tenofovir: A Multi-Institutional, Retrospective, Observational and Comparative Study

( Byeong Wook Cho ),( Ji Woong Jang ),( Hee Bok Chae ),( Suk Bae Kim ),( Il Han Song ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Entecavir(ETV) and tenofovir(TDF) are globally named among potent antivirals for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. The purpose of this study is to compare long-term clinical outcomes of ETV and TDF in chronic hepatitis B patients in the real-world setting. Methods: We performed a multi-institutional, retrospective, observational, and comparative study of 788 nucleos(t)ide-naïve chronic hepatitis B patients who were given ETV 0.5 mg/day(n=517) or TDF 300 mg/day(n=271) at Dankook University Hospital, Eulji University Hospital, and Chungbuk National University Hospital. We assessed and compared the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and overall mortality as well as virologic and biochemical responses. Results: The cumulative incidence rates of HCC tended to be higher in ETV than TDF arm (0.8% vs. 0% at 1-year; 2.3% vs. 1.6% at 2-years; 5.4% vs. 2.5% at 3-years). Overall mortality in ETV arm were 0% at 1-year, 0.5% at 2-years, and 0.6% at 3-years, while those of TDF were 0%, 1.0%, and 1.7% at each year. Cumulative probabilities of complete virologic response and serum ALT normalization were 95% vs. 97% and 97% vs. 96% at 36 months, respectively. Cumulative rates of virologic breakthrough were noted 0.2% vs. 0% at 1-year, 0.9% vs. 0.5% at 2-years, and 1.7% vs. 0.8% at 3-years on ETV vs. TDF arm. Cox proportional hazard model for ETV vs TDF presented as follows: HCC(HR 1:0.47[95% CI 0.16-1.37], P=0.167), overall mortality(HR 1:1.13[95% CI 0.21-6.15], P=0.890), and virologic breakthrough (HR 1:0.63[95% CI 0.13-3.09], P=0.572). Conclusions: Long-term clinical outcomes such as the development of HCC and overall mortality may be different between two ETV and TDF arms, although both antivirals are comparable in antiviral efficacy of nucleos(t)ide-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B. So, the decision on which antiviral agent to select should be given cautiously consideration based on the individual status of liver function.

Efficacy and safety of daclatasvir plus asunaprevir for Korean patients with HCV genotype Ib infection: a retrospective multi-institutional study

( Byeong Wook Cho ),( Seok Bae Kim ),( Il Han Song ),( Sae Hwan Lee ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( Tae Hee Lee ),( Young Woo Kang ),( Seok Hyun Kim ),( Byung Seok Lee ),( Hee Bok Chae ) 대한간학회 2017 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.23 No.1

Background/Aims: The combination of daclatasvir (DCV) and asunaprevir (ASV) has demonstrated a high sustained virologic response at 12 weeks (SVR12) and a low rate of adverse events in previous clinical studies. The purpose of this study was to clarify the results of treatment and side effects in Korean patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype Ib infection. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from chronic HCV genotype Ib patients treated with DCV+ASV from August 2015 to September 2016 at five hospitals in the Daejeon-Chungcheong area. Results: A total of 152 patients were examined for resistance associated variants (RAVs). Among them, 15 (9.9%) were positive for Y93 and one (0.7%) was positive for L31. Of 126 patients treated with DCV+ASV, 83 patients completed treatment and 76 patients were included in safety and efficacy analysis. Five (6.6%) were positive for Y93 and 12 (15.8%) exhibited cirrhotic change. DCV+ASV was the first-line treatment for 58 (76.3%) patients. Eleven (14.5%) patients relapsed after previous treatment that included interferon and seven (9.2%) of these patients were found to be intolerant of interferon. Adverse events occurred in 10 (13.2%) patients and two patients stopped the medication because of severe itching and skin rash. SVR12 was 89.5% (68/76) in all patients and 91.5% (65/71) in RAV-negative patients. Conclusions: DCV+ASV showed good efficacy in patients with HCV Ib infection in Korea. Close monitoring is needed for severe adverse events and treatment failure, which were uncommon. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2017;23:51-56)

논문 : 논산지역 지하수중 우라늄과 라돈의 수리지질학적 특성과 정밀함량분포

조병욱 ( Byeong Wook Cho ),김문수 ( Moon Su Kim ),김태승 ( Tae Seung Kim ),한진석 ( Jin Seok Han ),윤욱 ( Uk Yun ),이병대 ( Byeong Dae Lee ),황재홍 ( Jae Hong Hwang ),추창오 ( Chang Ho Choo ) 대한지질공학회 2012 지질공학 Vol.22 No.4

논산지역 100개의 지하수공을 대상으로 자연방사성 원소인 우라늄과 라돈 함량을 분석하고, 지하수의 주요 수질특성항목과의 관련성을 검토하여 이들의 산출실태와 원인을 연구하였다. 또한 이를 바탕으로 방사성물질 정밀함량분포도를 작성하였다. 우라늄은 불검출에서부터 최대 378 μg/L까지 범위가 넓게 나타난다. 평균치는 8357μg/L, 표준편차 42.88μg/L, 중앙값은 0.56μg/L으로서 매우 낮다. 우라늄과 라돈의 상관계수는 0.42로서 약간 관련성이 있으나, 이들과 기타 수질항목들과는 거의 무관하다. 지하수의 우라늄함량 분포도를 살펴보면 우라늄 함량은 97%가 30μg/L 이하의 값을 가지며, 30μg/L 이상인 지점의 지질은 주로 화강암 또는 화강암과 변성암의 경계 부분이며, 옥천대지역 지하수의 우라늄 함량은 대부분 1μg/L 이하로 낮게 나타났다. 논산지역 100개 지하수 전체의 라돈 함량은 128~9,140Ci/L 범위, 평균 2,186pCi/L, 표준편차 1,725pCi/L, 중앙값은 1,805pCi/L로 나타났다. 라돈 함량이 4,000pCi/L 이상인 지역은 거의 쥬라기 화강암 지역에 있다. 전체적으로 라돈 함량이 높은 지역은 쥬라기 화강암지역이며, 낮은 지역은 퇴적암지역이다. 지하수증 방사성물질의 함량은 기본적으로 함우라늄광물을 배태하는 지질과 밀접한 관련을 가진다. A total of 100 groundwater samples were collected from the Nonsan area and the behaviors of uranium and radon as natural radionuclides were investigated with respect to other physicochemical components in the groundwater in order to understand their occurrence, properties, and origins. Radionuclide levels were used to construct detailed concentration maps. The concentration of uranium ranges from 0 to 378μg/L, with an average of 8.57μg/L, standard deviation of 42.88μg/L, and median of 0.56μg/L. The correlation coefficient between uranium and radon is 0.42, whereas these radionuclides show no relation with other physic-ochemical components in groundwater, It is noteworthy that the uranium level in most samples (97% of the samples) is less than 30μg/L, where the bedrock of the aquifer is granite or complex rocks located along the boundary bctween granite and metamor-phic rocks. In the Okcheon metamorphic belt, the uranium concentration of most groundwater is less than 1μg/L. Radon levels vares from 128 to 9,140 pCi/L, with an average of 2,186pCi/L, standard deviation of 1,725pCi/L, and median of 1,805pCi/L. High radon levels(> 4,000pCi/L) are most common in regions of Jurassic granite, whereas low radon areas are found in regions of sedimentary rock. In conclusion, the distribution and occurrence of radionuclides are intimately related to the basic geological characteristics of the rocks in which the radiogenic minerals are primarily contained.

지하수의 Br : Cl 함량비를 이용한 울산지역 해수침입 연구

조병욱(Byong-Wook Cho)이변대(Byeong-Dae Lee,),윤욱(Uk-Yun),임현철(Hyun-Chul Im) 대한자원환경지질학회 2003 자원환경지질 Vol.36 No.5

Using 171 groundwater chemistry data, seawater intrusion in the Ulsan area was studied. The area near the down-stream area of the Taehwa River shows the higher Cl concentrations(11,300 mg/L in maximum), whereas the Cl concen-trations are generally low in the eastern coastal area maybe due to the geology of the area. When Cl concentrations are very low, groundwater shows Br : Cl weight ratios significantly deviating from the Br : Cl ratio of seawater(34.7×10-4). However, Br : Cl ratios are very close to the value of seawater when Cl concentrations are higher than 100 mg/L. Eleven groundwater samples having very high Cl concentrations(>500 mg/L) show that ionic ratios for Ca, Mg, SO₄, HCO₃and SiO₂are considerably different from those of seawater. This indicates that the origin of the high Cl groundwaters occur-ring along the Taehwa River are likely to be the residual salines from the salterns previously located on the alluviums rather than the seawaters intruded recently. These waters seem to be accumulated in the sediments before the drastic expansion of the city. Considering the characteristics of the urban groundwater system where the inflow exceeds the out-flow, it is anticipated that the high Cl concentration in the groundwater show a decreasing trend in the future. 울산광역시에 대한 해수침입 가능성을 171개 지하수 수질분석 자료를 이용하여 연구하였다. 연구지역에서 Cl의 함 량이 높은 지역은 남구의 태화강 주변 저지대로서 최대 11,300 mg/L이고, 동구 해안일대는 지질학적 특성 때문에 상당히 낮은 Cl함량을 보인다. Cl의 함량이 낮을수록 해수의 Br:Cl 함량비인 34.7×10-4에서 크게 벗어나지만, Cl의 함량이 100 mg/L 이상인 지수는 해수의 Br:Cl 비인 34.7×10-4에 근접함을 보인다 . 171개 지수 중 Cl의 함량이 500 mg/L 이상 되는 11개 시료의 Cl, Br, K, Na의 조성비는 해수와 비슷하나, Ca, Mg, SO₄, HCO₃, SiO₂의 조성비는 해수와 다르다. Cl 함량이 500 mg/L 이상인 11개 지하수 시료의 Na/Cl 몰비는 0.35∼2.08의 범위이며(해수 0.75), Ca/Cl 몰비는 0.001∼0.20의 범위 (해수 0.02), Mg/Cl 농도비는 0.001-0.22 의범위 (해수 0.09)를 보인다. 따라서 현재 태화강 일대 지하수의 Cl 함량이 높은 것은 해수침입보다는 과거 도시화 이전 충적층에 축적되어 있었던 염분이 고립되어 나타나는 현상으로 추정되며, 이 염분의 농도는 지하수 유출량보다는 유입량이 더 많은 도시지역 지하수 시스템을 고려할 때 시간이 지남에 따라서 점점 낮아질 것으로 예상된다.

말의 열충격 단백질(heat shock proteins)의 특성 구명과 운동 후 유전자의 발현 분석

조현우(Hyun-Woo Cho),박정웅(Jeong-Woong Park),최재영(Jae-Young Choi),조현우(Jae-Young Choi),시바 쿠마르(Sivakumar S),김남영(Nam-Young Kim),신택순(Teak-Soon Shin),조성근(Seong-Keun Cho),김병우(Byeong-Woo Kim),조병욱(Byung-Wook Cho) 한국생명과학회 2014 생명과학회지 Vol.24 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 말의 열충격 단백질 유전자의 특성을 구명하고 말의 각 조직과 운동 전과 후 혈액에서 열충격 단백질 유전자의 발현량을 분석함에 있다. 이전의 연구를 통해, 대표적인 경주마인 더러브렛의 혈액과 골격근에서 운동 전, 후 RNA-sequencing을 통해 차등발현유전자 분석을 실시하고, 본 연구를 위해 운동 전과 후에 차등 발현된 유전자 중, 열충격 단백질 유전자(HspH1, Hsp90α, Hsp70)를 선택하였다. 세 개의 열충격 단백질 유전자는 각각의 혈액이나 근육에서 운동 전에 비해 후에 발현이 증가된 것으로 확인됐다. 본 연구팀은 선정된 유전자에 대한 검증과 분석을 위해, 말의 조직별 RT-PCR 분석과 운동시간별 백혈구에서 real time qPCR 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 말의 각 조직(갑상선, 결장, 골격근, 맹장, 신장, 심장, 척수, 폐)에서 세 개의 열충격 단백질 유전자 mRNA가 모두 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 말의 운동 시간 별 혈액에서 mRNA를 추출하여 열충격 단백질의 운동 시간에 따른 발현 양상 분석을 실시한 결과, 운동 전에 비해 운동 120분 후 열충격 단백질 유전자의 발현량이 증가함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 인간과 다른 동물 실험의 결과와 일치하며, 열충격 단백질 유전자 전사 조절 기작이 종간에 보존이 되어왔음을 시사한다. 또한, 운동에 따른 열충격 단백질 유전자의 발현 양상과 운동 수행 및 회복 기작간의 상관관계에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요함을 제안하는 바이다. The purpose of this study was to characterize equine heat-shock protein (Hsp) genes and analyze their expression pattern in various horse tissues and blood leukocytes after exercise. In a previous study, RNA sequencing of blood and skeletal muscles of thoroughbreds before and after exercise was performed using differently expressed gene (DEG) analysis. Three Hsp genes (HspH1, Hsp90α and Hsp70) were selected by DEG analysis and were found to be differentially expressed in either blood or muscle. To validate and extend previous observations on these genes, we performed RT-PCR analyses of horse tissue as well as real-time qPCR analyses of blood leukocytes after exercise. mRNA expression of these Hsp genes was found to be ubiquitous in the analyzed tissues (including thyroid, colon, skeletal muscle, cecum, kidney, spinal cord, heart, and lung). In addition, Hsp mRNA expression of these genes in extracted whole blood increased after 120 minutes of exercise compared to the baseline condition. These results are in agreement with the results of human and other experimental animals, suggesting that regulatory mechanisms that are responsible for upregulation of Hsp gene transcription may be conserved among species. Further investigations to correlate Hsp gene expression patterns with athletic performance or recovery processes after exercise are warranted.

Highly soluble green-emitting Ir(III) complexes with 9-(6-phenyl-pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-9H-carbazole ligands and their application to polymer light-emitting diodes

Cho, Min Ju,Kim, Jae Il,Hong, Chang Seop,Kim, Young Min,Park, Young Wook,Ju, Byeong-Kwon,Choi, Dong Hoon Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2008 Journal of polymer science Part A, Polymer chemist Vol.46 No.22

<P>Highly organic soluble Ir(III) complexes with 9-(6-phenyl-pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-9H-carbazole were simply synthesized, and the solubility of the new complex was significantly improved when compared with the conventional green-emitting Ir(ppy)<SUB>3</SUB>. Since a carbazole group is tethered through a nonconjugated methylene spacer, the photophysical properties of new complexes are almost identical with those of conventional Ir(ppy)<SUB>3</SUB>. The pure complexes were utilized to prepare electrophosphorescent polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs). The device performances were observed to be relatively better or comparable with those of Ir(ppy)<SUB>3</SUB> based poly(N-vinylcarbazole) systems. The integration of rigid hole-transporting carbazole and phosphorescent complex provides a new route to design highly efficient solution-processable complex for electrophosphorescent PLED applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7419–7428, 2008</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Highly organic soluble Ir(III) complexes with 9-(6-phenyl-pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-9H-carbazole were simply synthesized, and the solubility of the new complex was significantly improved as when compared with the conventional green-emitting Ir(ppy)<SUB>3</SUB>. The pure complexes were utilized to prepare electrophosphorescent polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs). The device performances were observed to be relatively better or comparable with those of Ir(ppy)<SUB>3</SUB> based poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) systems. The sample made of a poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) doped with Ir(Czppy)<SUB>3</SUB> exhibited green electrophosphorescence with a maximum EQE of 7.79%, which is higher than that achieved in Ir(ppy)<SUB>3</SUB>-based device with an identical device configuration. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at www.interscience.wiley.com.]</P> <img src='wiley_img/0887624X-2008-46-22-POLA23047-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/0887624X-2008-46-22-POLA23047-gra001'>

Protective effects of pectolinarin against Aβ<SUB>25-35</SUB>-induced oxidative stress and cognitive impairment

Byeong Wook Noh,Ji-Hyun Kim,Mei Tong He,Hyo Jeong Seo,Eun Ju Cho 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10

Accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) protein is known to be a major risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Pectolinarin is one of flavonoids with health beneficial effects, such as antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. Thus, this study was proved whether pectolinarin is effective in improving cognitive impairment caused by Aβ25-35. Pectolinarin is administered to Aβ25-35-induced mice at doses of 5, 10, and 25 mg/kg/day for 14 days. The protective effect of pectolinarin from Aβ25-35 was determined by behavioral tests and measurements of oxidative stress in brain. In T-maze, novel object recognition and Morris water maze test, pectolinarin group showed significant protective effect from cognitive impairment compared to the control group. Pectolinarin reduced the time to find the hidden platform as training progressed in the Morris water maze. In addition, lipid peroxidation, NO, and ROS production in brain were significantly reduced by pectolinarin compared to the control group. In conclusion, pectolinarin improved cognitive impairment by regulation of oxidative stress, thus it is considered as a natural material for the prevention and treatment of AD.