Mismatch Negativity and Cortical Thickness in Patients With Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Kim, Sungkean,Jeon, Hyeonjin,Jang, Kuk-In,Kim, Yong-Wook,Im, Chang-Hwan,Lee, Seung-Hwan Oxford University Press 2019 Schizophrenia bulletin Vol.45 No.2

Neurophysiological and Psychological Predictors of Social Functioning in Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Yourim Kim,Aeran Kwon,Dongil Min,Sungkean Kim,Min Jin Jin,Seung-Hwan Lee 대한신경정신의학회 2019 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.16 No.10

psychological and neurophysiological predictors of social functioning. Methods Twenty-seven patients with schizophrenia and thirty patients with bipolar disorder, as well as twenty-five healthy controls, completed measures of social functioning (questionnaire of social functioning), neurocognition (Verbal fluency, Korean-Auditory Verbal Learning Test), and social cognition (basic empathy scale and Social Attribution Task-Multiple Choice), and the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ). For neurophysiological measurements, mismatch negativity and heart rate variability (HRV) were recorded from all participants. Multiple hierarchical regression was performed to explore the impact of factors on social functioning. Results The results showed that CTQ-emotional neglect significantly predicted social functioning in schizophrenia group, while HRVhigh frequency significantly predicted social functioning in bipolar disorder patients. Furthermore, emotional neglect and HRV-HF still predicted social functioning in all of the subjects after controlling for the diagnostic criteria. Conclusion Our results implicated that even though each group has different predictors of social functioning, early traumatic events and HRV could be important indicators of functional outcome irrespective of what group they are.

The Importance of Low-frequency Alpha (8-10 Hz) Waves and Default Mode Network in Behavioral Inhibition

Yong-Wook Kim,Sungkean Kim,Min Jin Jin,Chang-Hwan Im,Seung-Hwan Lee 대한정신약물학회 2024 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.22 No.1

Objective: Alpha wave of electroencephalography (EEG) is known to be related to behavioral inhibition. Both the alpha wave and default mode network (DMN) are predominantly activated during resting-state. To study the mechanisms of the trait inhibition, this research investigating the relations among alpha wave, DMN and behavioral inhibition in resting-state. Methods: We explored the relationship among behavioral inhibition, resting-state alpha power, and DMN. Resting-state EEG, behavioral inhibition/behavioral activation scale (BIS/BAS), Barratt impulsivity scale, and no-go accuracy were assessed in 104 healthy individuals. Three groups (i.e., participants with low/middle/high band power) were formed based on the relative power of each total-alpha, low-alpha (LA), and high-alpha band. Source-reconstructed EEG and functional network measures of 25 DMN regions were calculated. Results: Significant differences and correlations were found based on LA band power alone. The high LA group had significantly greater BIS, clustering coefficient, efficiency, and strength, and significantly lower path length than low/middle LA group. BIS score showed a significant correlation with functional network measures of DMN. Conclusion: Our study revealed that LA power is related to behavioral inhibition and functional network measures of DMN of LA band appear to represent significant inhibitory function.

Mismatch Negativity Indices as a Prognostic Factor for Remission in Schizophrenia

Ji Sun Kim,Young Joon Kwon,Hwa-Young Lee,Ho-Sung Lee,Sungkean Kim,Se-Hoon Shim 대한정신약물학회 2020 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.18 No.1

Objective: Mismatch negativity (MMN) is known to be associated with neuro-cognition and functional outcomes. Remission and recovery rates are related to the neuro-cognition of patients with schizophrenia. The present study explored the relationship of MMN with remission in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Forty patients with schizophrenia were recruited and divided into two groups, with or without remission, according to the Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group criteria (RSWGcr). Symptom severity (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, PANSS), cognitive function, functional outcome, and MMN of the patients were evaluated. A regression analysis was used to identify the factors that significantly predicted symptom improvement and remission including MMN at frontal site assessed at baseline, and anticipated clinical variables as predictive factors. Results: MMN amplitudes in frontal sites were further decreased in the groups without remission compared to the groups with remission. MMN amplitude was significantly correlated with measures of symptom change and functional outcome measurements in patients with schizophrenia. Regression analysis revealed that symptom severity and MMN significantly predicted remission in patients with schizophrenia. Symptom improvement significantly predicted PANSS at baseline, illness duration, and antipsychotic dose, as did MMN amplitude at frontal site. Conclusion: Our results suggest that MMN reflected symptom improvement and remission in patients with schizophrenia. MMN indices appear to be promising candidates as predictive factors for schizophrenia remission.

Empathy and Social Attribution Skills Moderate the Relationship between Temporal Lobe Volume and Facial Expression Recognition Ability in Schizophrenia

정민지,Seung Yeon Baik,Yourim Kim,Sungkean Kim,Dongil Min,Jeong-Youn Kim,Seunghee Won,이승환 대한정신약물학회 2020 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.18 No.3

Objective: While impaired facial expression recognition has been closely associated with reduced temporal lobe volume in patients with schizophrenia, this study aimed at examining whether empathy and social attribution affect such a relationship. Methods: A total of 43 patients with schizophrenia and 43 healthy controls underwent a facial expression recognition task (FERT) and magnetic resonance imaging. Basic empathy scale and the social attribution task-multiple choice were used to measure empathy and social attribution. Results: Patients with schizophrenia showed significant positive correlations between the total temporal lobe volume and the FERT-accuracy (FERT-ACC). Diminished temporal lobe volume predicted the impaired facial emotion recognition ability. Both empathy and social attribution played roles as moderators of the path from the left amygdala volume, left fusiform gyrus volume, both sides of the superior temporal gyrus volume, and left middle temporal gyrus volume to the FERT-ACC. In contrast, empathy alone functioned as a moderator between the right fusiform gyrus volume, right middle temporal gyrus volume, and FERT-ACC. No significant interaction was found for healthy controls. Conclusion: Our results suggest that social cognition remediation training on empathy and social attribution, could buffer the negative effects of small temporal lobe volume on interpersonal emotional communication in patients with schizophrenia.

Frontal Alpha Asymmetry Moderated by Suicidal Ideation in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Comparison with Healthy Individuals

Sang-Choong Roh,Ji Sun Kim,Sungkean Kim,Yourim Kim,Seung-Hwan Lee 대한정신약물학회 2020 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.18 No.1

Objective: Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) of electroencephalography (EEG) has been studied to differentiate patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) from healthy controls (HC). However, inconsistent results have been obtained thus far. Suicidal ideation (SI) has been known to alter frontal lobe activity, and could be an important covariate in FAA studies. This study aimed to explore the influence of FAA on the relationship among MDD patients with SI and without SI, and HC. Methods: Sixty-seven patients with MDD (44 without and 23 with SI) and 60 HCs were recruited. Resting state EEG was recorded with their eyes open, and FAA as a lateralized index of alpha power was calculated in the frontal brain region. Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety and Depression scores were estimated. Results: FAA was higher (increased alpha power in the left frontal region) in the MDD group than in the HC group. The FAA was lower (reduced alpha power in the left frontal region) in MDD patients with SI than in MDD patients without SI. The severity of depression and anxiety symptoms were significantly correlated with FAA only in MDD patients with SI. SI moderated the effects of depressive symptom on FAA in the MDD group. Conclusion: Our results suggest that SI is a clinically important moderator of frontal alpha asymmetry in patients with MDD.

The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Intervention for COVID-19-Related Psychological Distress: A Systematic Review

Lee Seul-Ah,Heo Simyang,Kim Somin,Park Chaeyeon,Jung Yujin,Ji Garam,Lee Hyeon-Ah,Kim Kibum,Kim Sungkean,김빛나,김지선 대한신경정신의학회 2023 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.20 No.4

Objective The prolonged coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is likely to cause psychological distress in people. This systematic review aimed to identify the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR)-based psychological intervention among individuals with psychological distress during the COVID-19 crisis. PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched for articles published until July 2022.Methods The available citations were deduplicated and screened by two authors using the title and abstract information. Eligibility criteria were constructed according to the PICOT guidelines. Empirical studies of all designs and comparator groups were included if they appraised the impact of an immersive VR intervention on any standardized measure indicative of psychological distress (stress, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic symptoms) or improvements in quality of life in participants, including COVID-19 patients, medical staff working with COVID-19 patients, and people who had experienced strict social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic.Results The results were discussed using a narrative synthesis because of the heterogeneity between studies. Seven of the studies met the inclusion criteria. There were two randomized controlled trials and five uncontrolled studies on VR interventions.Conclusion All studies reported significant improvement in a wide range of psychological distress during COVID-19, ranging from stress, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic symptoms to quality of life, supporting the efficacy of VR-based psychological intervention. Our results suggest that VR intervention has potential to ameliorate COVID-19-related psychological distress with efficacy and safety.

이명 치료를 위한 가상현실 시스템 개발 및 검증

한상선(Sangsun Han),안호준(Hojun Aan),펠리페(Canasto Jimenez Edgar Felipe),대여운(Dai Ruyun),김지문(Jimoon Kim),김성권(Sungkean Kim),김기범(Kibum Kim) 한국HCI학회 2023 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.2

이명은 외부의 음성 자극 없이 귀 속에서 소음을 주관적으로 느끼는 병이다. 이러한 이명에 대한 치료는 약물적 치료보다는 스트레스를 조절할 수 있는 인지장애치료가 주로 이루어진다. 하지만 인지장애치료 과정에서는 환자가 치료를 위해 생각을 바꿔야 하는 과정에서 직관적인 행동 양식이 제시되지 않는다. 그래서 본 연구는 환자가 이명에 보다 직관적인 대처를 할 수 있는 가상현실 시스템을 선보인다. 가상현실에서의 이명은 인터랙션이 가능한 가상 오브젝트로 시각화 되었고, HRTF(Head-Related Transfer Function) 을 이용하여 실제 공간처럼 현실감 있는 소리를 내도록 제작되었다. 본 시스템은 사용자가 가상 이명 오브젝트를 직접 컨트롤러로 조정하여 제거하는 직관적인 행동을 제공한다. 이를 통해 환자는 가상현실 시스템을 통해서 본인이 가지고 있는 이명이 시각화되고, 이를 제거하게 된다. 본 연구는 19 명의 이명환자에게 3 주동안 해당 가상현실 시스템을 이용한 치료 프로그램을 제공했고, 임상실험에서 전후비교를 위한 뇌파를 측정했다. 이에 유의미한 뇌파 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

Frontal Alpha Asymmetry Correlates with Suicidal Behavior in Major Depressive Disorder

Yeonsoo Park,Wookyoung Jung,Sungkean Kim,Hyunjin Jeon,이승환 대한정신약물학회 2019 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.17 No.3

Objective: Based on the constant associations made between major depressive disorder (MDD) and alpha asymmetry, and MDD and suicide, this study aimed to examine the relationship between frontal alpha asymmetry and suicide in MDD patients. Methods: Sixty-six MDD patients, of whom fifteen were male and fifty-one were female, were recruited. Independent groups were created based on the median score of frontal alpha asymmetry: the left dominant (LD) group and the right dominant (RD) group. The alpha band (8‒12 Hz) and its sub-bands (i.e., low alpha band: 8‒10 Hz; high alpha band: 10‒12 Hz) were of interest. Source level alpha asymmetry was calculated as well. Results: Suicidal behavior was positively correlated with the asymmetry indices of the low alpha band and the alpha band in the LD group and that of the high alpha band in the RD group. Source level analysis revealed positive correlations between suicidal behavior and the asymmetry index of the low alpha band in the LD group. Conclusion: Frontal alpha asymmetry, especially that of the low alpha band, might reflect the cognitive deficits associated with suicidal behaviors in MDD patients.

Clinical Implication of Maumgyeol Basic Service–the 2 Channel Electroencephalography and a Photoplethysmogram–based Mental Health Evaluation Software

Seung-Hwan Lee,Hyeon-Ho Hwang,Sungkean Kim,Junseok Hwang,Jaehyun Park,Sang-Shin Park 대한정신약물학회 2023 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.21 No.3

Objective: Maumgyeol Basic service is a mental health evaluation and grade scoring software using the 2 channels EEG and photoplethysmogram (PPG). This service is supposed to assess potential at-risk groups with mental illness more easily, rapidly, and reliably. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical implication of the Maumgyeol Basic service. Methods: One hundred one healthy controls and 103 patients with a psychiatric disorder were recruited. Psychological evaluation (Mental Health Screening for Depressive Disorders [MHS-D], Mental Health Screening for Anxiety Disorders [MHS-A], cognitive stress response scale [CSRS], 12-item General Health Questionnaire [GHQ-12], Clinical Global Impression [CGI]) and digit symbol substitution test (DSST) were applied to all participants. Maumgyeol brain health score and Maumgyeol mind health score were calculated from 2 channel frontal EEG and PPG, respectively. Results: Participants were divided into three groups: Maumgyeol Risky, Maumgyeol Good, and Maumgyeol Usual. The Maumgyeol mind health scores, but not brain health scores, were significantly lower in the patients group compared to healthy controls. Maumgyeol Risky group showed significantly lower psychological and cognitive ability evaluation scores than Maumgyeol Usual and Good groups. Maumgyel brain health score showed significant correlations with CSRS and DSST. Maumgyeol mind health score showed significant correlations with CGI and DSST. About 20.6% of individuals were classified as the No Insight group, who had mental health problems but were unaware of their illnesses. Conclusion: This study suggests that the Maumgyeol Basic service can provide important clinical information about mental health and be used as a meaningful digital mental healthcare monitoring solution to prevent symptom aggravation.