Serial values for hematologic and biochemical analysis after myocardial infarction in rats

( Mi Jin Lee ),( Hyun Jin Tae ),( Ying Hua Li ),( Do Hyeon Yu ),( In Ae Han ),( Seok Won Lee ),( Dong Choon Ahn ),( In Shik Kim ),( Jin Ho Park ) 한국가축위생학회 2008 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.31 No.2

To diagnose acute myocardial infarction(MI), many cardiac markers have been used in hematologic and biochemical analysis, and many studies have been published for hema-tologic and biochemical analysis associated with human acute MI. However, after occurrence of acute MI, the serial investigation for values in hematologic and bioche-mical analysis including chronic MI has rarely been performed. To observe the change of the serial values in hematologic and biochemical analysis, we induced artificial MI. The left main descending artery(LMDA) of the left coronary artery was ligated during the progression(day 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 30) of MI. Total 66 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the sham group(n=24, thoracotomy without LMDA ligation) and the experimental(MI) group(n=42, with LMDA ligation). And all individual in each group was sacrified at day 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 30 for the hematologic and biochemical analysis. In comparison of hematologic analysis between the sham and MI groups, the mean values of red blood cell(RBCs), hemoglobin and hematocrit(HCT) showed a steady increase. In biochemical analysis, the mean values of glucose, choles-terol, total creatine kinase(CK) and isoenzyme MB, and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) were increased in all MI groups compared with the sham groups. The results of this study suggest that early hematologic and biochemical mean values occurred after acute MI are similar to those of human acute MI. In conclusion, we could observe the alterations and serial values in hematologic and biochemical analysis to the extent of chronic status after acute MI.

Serial values for hematologic and biochemical analysis after myocardial infarction in rats

Lee, Mi-Jin,Tae, Hyun-Jin,Li, Ying-Hua,Yu, Do-Hyeon,Han, In-Ae,Lee, Seok-Won,Ahn, Dong-Choon,Kim, In-Shik,Park, Jin-Ho The Korean Society of Veterinary Service 2008 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.31 No.2

To diagnose acute myocardial infarction (MI), many cardiac markers have been used in hematologic and biochemical analysis, and many studies have been published for hematologic and biochemical analysis associated with human acute MI. However, after occurrence of acute MI, the serial investigation for values in hematologic and biochemical analysis including chronic MI has rarely been performed. To observe the change of the serial values in hematologic and biochemical analysis, we induced artificial MI. The left main descending artery (LMDA) of the left coronary artery was ligated during the progression (day 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 30) of MI. Total 66 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the sham group (n=24, thoracotomy without LMDA ligation) and the experimental (MI) group (n=42, with LMDA ligation). And all individual in each group was sacrified at day 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 30 for the hematologic and biochemical analysis. In comparison of hematologic analysis between the sham and MI groups, the mean values of red blood cell (RBCs), hemoglobin and hematocrit (HCT) showed a steady increase. In biochemical analysis, the mean values of glucose, cholesterol, total creatine kinase (CK) and isoenzyme MB, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were increased in all MI groups compared with the sham groups. The results of this study suggest that early hematologic and biochemical mean values occurred after acute MI are similar to those of human acute MI. In conclusion, we could observe the alterations and serial values in hematologic and biochemical analysis to the extent of chronic status after acute MI.

암 병동 간호사의 통증관리에 대한 지식과 태도

공성화,방찌야,서민숙,현신숙,김희정,이미애1,이미애2,유현희,허재경,김은애,박경숙 성인간호학회 2004 성인간호학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of oncology ward nurses toward cancer pain management and to find ways to improve the educational program for nurses. Method: A total of 209 nurses working at the oncology ward of three hospitals in Seoul and a Gyenggi Province. The survey instrument used was the 32-item scale for evaluating nurses knowledge and attitudes originally developed by McCaffery and Ferrell'(1990). that was by Kim'(1997). Result: In terms of the nurses knowledge of pain management. the result showed that the nurses scored an average of 67.8 out of 100 for phamacokinetics of opioids. 84.8 for classification of analgesics, 60.1 for pain assessment, and 70.7 for drug administration. 18.2% of the nurses hesitate to inject the narcotic agent because of concerns regarding the drug's potential side effects. there was significant difference in the knowledge of pain management according to the general characteristics of pain in terms of the nurses age(p=.001), position (p=.016). years of experiences(p=.002), experience of cancer pain education(p= .001). Conclusion: The also showed that nurses working at cancer ward lack knowledge. It is important to provide intensive education to nurses about cancer pain management.

항암화학요법 관련 오심과 구토 완화를 위한 비약물요법에 관한 연구동향

소향숙,최자윤,조인숙,김영재,김지영,김애숙,김옥미,김춘심,김현오,설영애,안정옥,이애리,이영자 성인간호학회 2003 성인간호학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Purpose: Purposes of this study were to understand the current trends on complementary therapy in relieving chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and to suggest the future research direction. Method: Subjects were selected on CINAHL, MEDLINE, Korean Academy Data Base from 1980 to 2001 which used nausea, vomiting, chemotherapy and complementary therapy as key words in experimental studies. Eight korean articles and twenty-one international articles were analyzed in terms of general characteristics, research methods, and types of complementary therapy. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical methods. Result: Since 2000, researchers have more actively used complementary therapy. In subject characteristics, mean age was 35.5 years old, 45% of the researchers were performed with high level of incidence of chemotherapy induced vomiting, 14% of them set limit of consecutive cycle during research, and 65% of them did not comment the selecting criteria of sample. About 60% of them were designed post-test only control group: 35% used INV by Rhodes, 31% used Likert scale, and 24% used VAS for dependent variable. Muscle relaxation therapy was mostly applied for relief of nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: Further studies will be needed to control extrinsic variables affecting nausea and vomiting in research design and to accumulate evidence with studies applying various complementary therapies.

Phenol Stress,에 따른 Saccharomyces cerevisiae의 단백질 발현 연구

이미애,이명석 숙명여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2003 자연과학논문집 Vol.- No.14

급속히 발달하고 변화하는 주위환경의 영향으로 자연에 해로운 물질들이 많이 유입되게 되었고, 이로 인해 많은 생명들이 영향을 받게 되었다. 이에 따라 생물들은 변화하는 주위환경에 반응하여 stress proteins을 생성한다. 이번 연구에서는 yeast인 Saccaromyces cerevisiae에 환경 유해물질 중 하나인 페놀(2,4-dinitrophenol: DNP)을 처리하여 성장 단계별 protein의 발현 패턴을 two-dimensional electrophoresis system을 이용하여 연구하고 분석하였다. Web (http://www.expasy.org)에서 phenol을 처리하였을 경우에만 발현된 단백질 중 ALD4, GLK1, TRR1 유전자를 확인할 수 있었고, stationary phase에서 SSA2, SSC1, GLN1 유전자를 확인할 수 있었다. 이들의 세포내 역할에 대하여 분석, 토의하였다. Many microbial process are concerned with their constantly changing external environments to which the organism must respond quickly in order to compete successfully. As a response to harmful environmental conditions, the cell may produce additional proteins, often referred to as stress proteins. In this study was analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiue protein expression pattern by phenol(2,4-dini-trophenol) stress. Protein separation used 2-dimensional electrophoresis system. Three proteins (Ald4p, G1k1p, Trr1p) were identified using the yeast protein map on the web(http://www.expasy.org) in exponential phase. And three proteins (Gln1p, Ssa2p, Ssc1p) were identified in statinary phase. The A1d4p has a pH 5.66 and molecular weight 53,974. The G1k1p has a pH 5.74 and molecular weight 55,245. The Trr1p has a pH 5.25 and molecular weight 34,039. The G1n1p has a pH 5.75 and molecular weight 41,616. The Ssa2p has a pH 4.66 and molecular weight 69,380. The Ssc1p has a pH 5.01 and molecular weight 68,095. A1d4p is aldehyde dehydrogenase. G1k1p is glucokinase. Trr1p is thioredoxin dependent peroxide reductase. G1n1p is glutamine synthetase. Ssa2p is heat shock protein. and, Ssc1p is chaperonin.

중환자실 환자에서 원내 칸디다혈증 발생의 위험 인자

이유현,최희정,이미애 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.4

Background : Nosocomial candidemia is one of the most important disease entity in hospital not only because of increasing incidence but also because of its high fatality rate. The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors predicting the development of nosocomial candidemia and to evaluate its clinical outcome of nosocomial candidemia in the intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Materials & Methods : We conducted a retrospective, matched case-control study in adult patients admitted to ICU from January 1998 through December 2002 in Ewha Womans University Mokdong hospital. Sixty cases with candidemia were retrospectively identified from the records of the Department of Clinical Microbiology. The possible risk factors for the development of nosocomial candidemia were compared between 60 patients and 120 control subjects. Results : Candida albicans was the most commonly isolated organism. In the multivariate analysis, number of concomitant bacteremia (OR=17.3), number of candida infection in other site (OR=20.6), number of antibiotics used (OR=4.2), duration of indwelling central venous catheter (OR=16.1), and insertion of arterial line for more than 8 days (OR=6.9) were identified as significant risk factors for development of candidemia. Crude mortality rate was higher in candidemia patients compared with control subjects (P=0.004). Conclusion : The best predictors of development of candidemia in ICU patients were concomitant bacteremia, candida colonization in other site, combined use of antibiotics, and long-indwelling arterial and central venous catheter. For the ICU patients with high risk factors of candidemia, we could consider the intervention to prevent emergence of candidemia. 목적 : 원내 감염 칸디다혈증은 최근 의학 기술의 발전과 함께 면역 기능이 감소된 경우 특히 발생 빈도가 증가할 뿐 아니라 높은 치사율로 그 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 중환자실에 입원한 환자에서 칸디다혈증 발생의 위험 요인과 이로 인한 사망률을 파악하는데에 있다. 재료 및 방법 : 1998년 1월부터 2002년 12월까지 5년간 이화여대 목동병원 중환자실에 입원하였던 환자를 대상으로 후향적으로 입원 기록을 검토하여 환자-대조군 연구를 시행하였다. 환자군은 진단 검사의학과 미생물실 자료에 의거, 칸디다혈증이 있었던 60명을 대상으로 하였고 대조군은 같은 시기에 중환자실에 입원하였으나 칸디다 혈증은 없었던 120명으로 짝지어 각기 28개의 가능성있는 위험 인자와 치사율에 대해 조사하였다. 결과 : 칸디다혈증을 유발하는 균종은 Candida albicans가 24예(40%)로 가장 흔하였다. 다변량 분석을 통해서 균혈증이 동반된 경우(OR=17.3), 칸디다가 다른 부위에서도 검출된 경우(OR=20.6), 항생제 병용이 많을수록(OR=4.2), 중심정맥관 삽입 기간이 길수록(OR=16.1), 동맥관 삽입이 8일 이상인 경우(OR=6.9)가 중환자실 환자에서 칸디다혈증 발생의 독립적인 위험인자이었다. 보통 사망률(Crude mortality)은 환자군에서 48.3%, 대조군에서 26.7%로 칸디다혈증 환자에서 사망률이 유의하게 높았다(P=0.004). 결론 : 칸디다혈증의 발생은 균혈증이 동반된 경우, 다른 부위에서 칸디다가 검출된 경우에 증가하며, 항생제 병용이 많을수록, 혈관 내에 중심정맥관이나 동맥관이 장기간 유치되어 있을수록 증가하였다. 칸디다혈증의 사망률 역시 높아, 칸디다혈증의 위험이 높은 중환자실 환자를 조기에 색출하고 칸디다혈증 발생을 예방할 수 있는 방법들에 대한 연구가 필요하겠다.

아동이 지각한 사회적 지지와 자아존중감과의 관계

이미애,정회욱 木浦大學校 敎育硏究所 2004 교육연구 Vol.16/17 No.-

본 연구는 초등학교 아동들이 건강한 생활에 적응하는데 긍정적인 영향을 주는 자아존중감이 주변의 의미 있는 타인 즉, 아버지, 어머니, 담임선생님, 학급친구들로부터 받고 있다고 지각하는 사회적 지지와 어떤 상관이 있는가 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 남자보다 여자 어린이가 친구의 지지를 많이 받고 있다고 지각하고 있었다. 아이들은 형제수가 적을수록 어머니의 지지를 많이 받고 있다고 지각하며, 어머니의 학력이 높을수록 아버지의 지지를 더 많이 받고 있다고 지각하였다. 아이들은 어머니의 학력이 높을수록 일반적 자아존중감이 높았고, 형제수가 적을수록 높은 가정적 자아존중감을 보였다. 아이들의 자아존중감은 사회적 지지의 하위 영역 중 정서적 지지와 가장 높은 상관을 보였으며, 사회적지지 제공자 중에서는 어머니의 지지와 가장 상관이 있었다. 또한, 아동의 학교와 관련된 자아존중감은 교사의 사회적지지 지각과 가장 높은 상관이 있었다. 또 아동의 사회적 자아존중감은 친구로부터의 지지 지각과 가장 상관이 높았다. 회귀분석의 결과 아이들의 자아존중감에 가장 영향을 많이 미치는 지지 제공자 변인은 어머니의 지지와 학급친구의 지지로 나타났다. The purpose of this is to investigate the correlation between children's social support provided by parents, teachers, classmates and other close people and children's self-esteem that have a meaninful effect on their wholesome life. In this research, 331 students of 6th grade students in Haenam, Jeon-Nam Province were selected. Coopersmith's self-esteem inventory revised by Whang Chang-gu(1988) was used to measure children's self-esteem and Park Ji-won(1985)'s social-support Inventory revised by Whang Yun-gyeong(1955) to measure children's social support. The relationship between social support and children's self-esteem were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study were as follows; First, social support and children's personal variables(sex, the number of brothers, the number of family, parents' scholarship, etc) didn't have any correlation. Second, female students perceived more social support than male students did from friends. And students perceived more social support when they had fewer brothers and when their mothers had more school education. Third, children's self-esteem was high when their mothers had more school education and when they had fewer brothers. Fourth, the social support perceived by children and their self-esteem was correlated significantly. Particularly their self- esteem showed high correlation with emotional support perceived. That is, the more emotional support they perceived, the higher their self-esteem was. Fifth, children's self-esteem was influenced more by their mother's support than by any other kind of social support. Also their self-esteem in their school life had high correlation with the teachers' social support on themselves. Finally, mother's and friends' support had the highest influencing power on children's self-esteem.

Shadows on the Rock에 나타난 미국의 꿈

이경아,하미애 慶南大學校 人文科學硏究所 1998 人文論叢 Vol.10 No.-

<ABSTRACT>The protagonists in Cather's novels written between 1920 and 1926 experience crises of self and desperately seek new avenues to personal fulfillment. In such portrayals. Cather moves farther away from any notion of success that centers on material gain or that elevates the individual, and toward an understanding the American Dream that is community-oriented and fundamentally at odds with wealth and position. Thus Cather in the early 1930's, when she wrote Shadow on the Rock, was still negotiating a position for herself on the American Dream.Published in 1931, Shadow on the Rock, seems an appropriate Depression-era novel, with its poor-but-happy, Shirley Temple type of heroine, who teaches her observers that they can find personal happiness without money or fame. And in the spirit of the Depression-era intellectual, more interested in a universal human community than in a specifically American community (Peeler 7), Cather "un-Americanizes" her setting by moving it beyond the United states to Canada. Cather at the end of this period seems especially to be reverencing communal values-represented by religion and Family-and perhaps thinking of abandoning or at least tempering the bolder individualism that early heroines such as Thea Kronborg and Marian Forrester display.At one point in the novel, Cather especially emphasizes this theme of traditions. In Shadows on the Rock, Cather clearly defines the community that more and more came to hold importance for her: the tradition-bearers who transmit values from past to present and preserve those values for future humanity. In fact, Cather in this novel uses religion as a concrete example of tradition: religion is not only a vehicle for the transmission of tradition, but it provides for those who cherish, practice, and spread it a sense of community and of belonging. For Cather, religion is a means of carrying that past to the future.Like religion, family gains importance as a symbol of community in this phase of Cather's writing. As Cather validates these two avenues to a tradition-based, self-affirming community-religion and family-she reflects a cultural shift in focus as America itself moved toward an era of economic upheaval and widespread disillusionment with the American Dream. The family community is actually elevated to the level of art and religion as a symbol of what must be preserved. The beauty and sacredness of family in this work perhaps reflects Cather's own growing awareness of how much her family meant to her. And Cather's need for family reflects not only a growing personal awareness of the importance of this initial community, but a growing national reawakening to the strength and power of the family as a unit.

One of Ours와 A Lost Lady에 나타난 미국의 꿈

이경아,하미애 한국영어영문학회 경남지부 1997 현대영미어문학 Vol.15 No.2

노랑초파리 實驗集團內의 有害遺傳子에 관한 硏究

李順英,劉美愛,李元鎬 부산대학교 환경문제 연구소 1986 環境硏究報 Vol.4 No.-

The genetic variabilities in an experimental population of D. melanogaster were undertaken. The experimental population was composed of D. melanogaster which had the lethal-free and sterile-free second chromosome collected from Sasang natural population. The results were as follows: 1) The frequency of lethal chromosome was 7.53%, 9.56%, and 15.00% at the 171 days, 379 days, and 756 days respectively, and its allelic rate was 9.76% at the 756 days. 2) The variabilities such as semi-lethal, subvital, and normal chromosome were distributed to quasinormal type. 3) The frequency of second chromosome which carried female sterility was estimated to be 3.59%, 7.56% at the 171 days and 756 days, respectively. The frequency of male sterility was analyzed 1.19% at the 171 days and 4.20% at 756 days. 4) The elimination rate caused by deleterious genes in homozygotes was 0.0033, and the effective population size was about 600 flies at the 756 days population. 5) The actual population number was ranging from 1571 to 3229 flies in female and from 1988 to 3608 flies in male.