한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

The Effect Of Group Norms On The Discretionary Efforts And Performance

Kim,Cha-Gab,Kim Young-Jin 한국인적자원관리학회 2009 인적자원관리연구 Vol.16 No.4

이 연구는 한국의 은행지점에 있어서 집단규범이 재량적 노력과 성과에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하고자 한다 이들 관계에 대한 대부분의 많은 연구는 조직 수준에서 이루어져 왔다 그러나 소집단 수준에서 집단규범과 성과 사이의 관계에 관한 증거는 거의 찾아 볼 수 없다 조직문화는 통상적으로 보통 허용되고 기대되는 행동에 대한 정당하며 사회적으로 공유된 지침으로 간주되는 행동규범으로 정의된다 행동규범은 국가, 조직, 작업집단과 같은 다양한 수준에서 존재할 수 있다 그런데 국가나 조직 내에는 다양한 집단이 존재하므로 국가와 조직수준에서 규범에 대한 합의가 있다고 가정하기는 아주 어렵다 수많은 연구에 따르면 집단의 행동규범은 일과 관련된 개인의 지식과 기술, 그리고 능력보다 성과에 커다란 영향을 미친다 집단의 행동규범은 조직에서 개인의 자발적 노력과 우수한 성과에 영향을 미치는 강력한 동기부여요인으로 간주될 수 있다 본 연구에서는 집단적 동기부여로서 집단의 행동규범이 재량적 노력과 성과에 대한 독립적인 설명력을 갖고 있는 변수로서 다루어진다 통계적 결과는 다음과 같은 재량적 노력을 촉진하는 규범, 즉 능력규범, 존경규범, 신뢰규범, 자율규범, 협동규범과 혁신규범이 한국의 은행 지점에 있어서 종업원의 재량적 노력과 재무성과에 유의미한 영향을 주고 있음을 입증하고 있다 This study attempts to investigate the effects of group norms on the discretionary efforts, and performance in Korean bank branches Much research about these relationships in literature has been done at the organizational level. But there is little evidence about the link between group norms and performance at the small group level Group behavioral norms may exist at the various levels such as national level, organizational level, work group level. It is extremely difficult to assume the consensus of norms at the national or organizational level because of the existence of diverse groups within a nation or an organization. A number of studies suggest that group behavioral norms may have a greater influence on individual's performance than the knowledge, skills, and abilities the individual brings to the work setting. Group behavioral norms can be seen as a strong motivator affecting the individual discretionary effort and superior performance in work organization. Statistical results confirm that some discretionary effort-promoting norms(competence norms, respect norms, trust norms, autonomy norms, co-operation norms and innovation norms) have a significant impact on discretionary effort of employees and financial performance in the Korean bank branches.

大學生의 不適應에 관한 社會學的 考察

金成國,黃甲鎭 부산대학교 학생생활연구소 1984 硏究報 Vol.20 No.1

Although prior studies analyze student's adjustment to college exclusively in psychological terms, the adjustment process consists of a range of dimensions. This study develops a sociological approach to the adjustment problem. More specifically, the present study identifies three types of maladjustment (related with learning problems, difficulty in campus life, and student activism, respectively). It also specifies major sources of maladjustment such as individual characteristics (including personality, family background, the organization of university, social structural environment). Empirically, correlation and regression analysis (using a simple recursive path model) show several interesting results: ① The pattern of causal relationship differs according to the types of the maladjustment. ② Self-esteem plays a very important role in explaining the maladjustment. Regardless of maladjustment types, its causal effects are consistently shown. ③ Students' evaluation of politic-economic situation is the most important predictor of their attitude about the student movement. ④ Our measure of the maladjustment is moderately correlated with social psychological measures such as alienation scale and symptom check List-90. In conclusion, it is suggested that future student guidance should be specified to correspond to different types of maladjustment.

고가의약품 사용경향 분석에 따른 정책대응 방안연구 : 약국 처방전명세서를 중심으로 Focusing on EDI Bills of Pharmacies

김진수,이용갑,김한성 대한보건협회 2001 대한보건연구 Vol.27 No.3

The purpose of this study is to examine the use of expensive drugs. For this study, EDI bills of pharmacies were used Here, the study indicates that the use of expensive drugs is very common and obstacles in the development of the pharmaceutical market is expected to grow. Moreover, in addition to the common use of expensive drugs, the study indicates that drug prescription is highly concentrated to a certain kind of pharmaceutical product. Based on the results of this study, a prompt introduction of the reference price system and an incentive system for the use of less expensive drugs must be considered.

建築副産物의 原單位 算定에 관한 硏究

김성순,탁성제,김갑진 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1995 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.25 No.-

Since the amount of solid waste from construction depends mainly on its type and scale as regional development condition, the estimation of the total amount of the construction waste is actually difficult. The approximate computation of the total amount of the construction waste is able to be estimated by determining the amount of the construction waste per unit area(the unit construction waste). However, in Korea, the unit construction waste has not been set up yet. In this study, the unit construction waste, which is classified into the case of construction and the case of demolition, is established on the bases of the existing various kinds of actual data and the investigation data.

피로와 의료이용, 업무상 사고 및 질병결근

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,정진주,이철갑,강명근,현숙정,조정진,차봉석,박종구 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Objectives: This study examined the relationship of fatigue to medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project, 2002~2004). A total of 30,146 employees categorized within the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were recruited. A structured-questionnaire was used to assess the participants' sociodemo-graphics, job-related factors, health-related behaviors, personality trait, self=perceived fatigue (MFS) and the frequency of medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence. Data on medical utilization and occupational accident were confirmed from company health records. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to elucidate the relationship of self-perceived fatigue to medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence. Results: In logistic regression analyses, self-perceived fatigue was associated with medical utilization (outpatient), occupational accident and sickness absence although the strength of the associations was higher in the blue collar workers except for medical utilization. For medical utilization, the white collar worker's adjusted odds ratios of outpatient utilization for workers scoring in the third quartile and the highest quartile, compared to workers scoring in the lowest quartile were 1.50 (95% CI: 1.20-1.87) and 2.16 (95% CI: 1.69-2.75), respectively. The blue collar workers' adjusted odds ratios of outpatient utilization for workers scoring in the second (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.06-1.43), third (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.22-1.66) and highest quartile (OR:1.83, 95% CI: 1.55-2.17), respectively, compared to workers scoring in the lowest quartile were statistically significant. However, no associations were found between fatigue and inpatient utilization for either the white or blue collar workers. The blue collar workers' adjusted odds ratios of being injured for workers scoring in the second, third and highest quartile were 1.41 (95% CI: 1.00-2.00), 1.57 (95% CI: 1.10-2.22) and 2.41 (95% CI: 1.69-3.44), respectively, compared to those scoring in the lowest quartile, but, those of the white collar workers were not significant. There was more likely to an increased risk of sickness absence in workers scoring in the second, third and highest quartile compared to those scoring in the lowest quartile in both white and blue collar workers, but the magnitudes of risk were higher in the blue collar workers than the white collars workers. Conclusion: This result suggests that fatigue is a determinant predictor of medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence, and that the pattern of risks for the three outcomes differs according to the occupational type. Some limitations of this study and considerations for future study were also discussed.

수도의 生育과 數量構成要素에 관한 硏究 : 徵生物製劑 施用을 中心으로

이진갑,김종세,노영복 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1986 自然科學硏究 Vol.9 No.1

관행 N.P.K.와 유기물 자원인 볏짚시용과 유기물 부숙촉진제인 미생물제제 첨가시용에 따른 수도작의 생육상황, 수량구성요소 및 수량조사와 토양 미생물상의 소장관계등에 미치는 영향을 규명코자 야외 포장시험을 수행하여 다음과 같은 몇가지 결론을 얻었다. 1. 생육상황은 성숙기에 간장, 수장의 성적이 plot5와 plot6에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 유효경 비율은 plot2인 볏짚 단용시용구에서 높게 나타났으나 수수와 엽면적율은 볏짚, 미생물제재 단용시용구인 plot2와 plot3에서 가장 높았다. 2. 수량은 일반적으로 수행되는 N.P.K. 볏짚처리구인 plot4에 비하여 단일시 용구들은 28% 정도의 수량감소를 나타냈고, 볏짚 및 미생물제재 복합시용구인 plot5와 plot6에서 7%가 증수되었으나 통계적인 유의성은 인정되지 않았으며, 본 연구결과는 1년 성적이기 때문에 계속 검토가 요청된다. 3. 토양 미생물상의 소장조사는 시험전 공시토양의 미생물수 보다도 시험 기간중의 모든 처리구에서 미생물수의 증가를 보였고 N.P.K. 단용구인 plot2보다 유기물 및 미생물제재 첨가구인 다른 시험구들에서 좀 더 많은 미생물수를 나타냈으며 수확후에는 미생물수가 다소 감소되는 경향을 보였다. This experiment was conducted to find out the growth phase, the yield component, and the yield trial of the paddy rice, and the population of the soil microorganisms in the field test area. For this experiment, the author used the conventional N.P.K., the rice straw for source of organic matter, and the microorganism agents for rotting organic matter. Results abtained are summarized as follows; 1. The growth phase of the trunk length and panicle length was the highest in both the plot 5 and 6 at the ripening period. The percentage of effective tiller was high in the plot 2 and that of the panicle number and leaf area highest in the plot 2 and 3. the dry weight was the highest in the plot 2 and 3. 2. In the plot 1, 2 and 3, the yield was as much as 28% less than that of the plot 1. On the other hand, in the plot 5 and 6, it was as much as 7% more than that of the plot 4. As the signification with L.S.D. of the above experiment was ignorable. It will be necessary to continue further study. 3. The population of soil microorganisms was increased in all plot during the period and that it was sparser in the plot 1 than any other ones, ones decreased in all after harvest.

바닥마감재에 의한 바닥충격음 차음특성 연구

기노갑,정진연,송민정,김선우 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1

It is increasing the interest on the comfortable dwelling environment, while sound insulation performance of materials and elements used in building is falling down as they become thicker and lighter. Therefore, sound insulation performance in building has become the most important factor determining the level of housing, especially for apartment that has common wall and floor with next neighbors. This paper aims to experiment the sound insulation characteristics of floor coverings as their type and to analyse their noise reduction effect.

주문유형을 기반으로 한 전사적 정보요구 분석방법론의 제시 : 제조업종을 중심으로 Manufacturing Industry Perspective

박진갑,김영걸 한국경영과학회 1996 經營 科學 Vol.13 No.3

Common problems have been observed in the existing Information Requirements Analysis(IRA) methodologies such as BSP(IBM), CSF(Rockart), or ISP(Information Engineering), etc. These methodologies require too much time and human resources for the IRA process, involves high complexity, and their IRA outcomes are frequently biased by the subjective views of the people involved. In this paper, we introduce a new methodology for the enterprise wide information requirements analysis utilizing templates and nine closed-ended questions. Extending the BIAIT(Business Information Analysis and Integration Technique) method, this methodology presents nine questions about each firm's order type(7Q's for customer side and 2Q's for supplier side) to derive information processing characteristics of the firms. As the central component of this methodology, data and process templates for the manufacturing industry were established. To validate the methodology, suitability of the data and process templates were examined through six real world business cases.

몇 소나무類의 葉綠素 含量의 月別 變化

李慶學,金甲泰,朱洸영,曺炅眞,李敦求 서울大學校 農科大學 1985 서울대농학연구지 Vol.10 No.2

植物體는 生存 또는 生長을 위해 光合成作用을 하며, 綠色植物은 이를 위한 色素로서 葉綠體를 가지고 있다. 따라서 이의 含量은 生長能力이나 各種 stress에 대한 生理的 活成變化를 나타내는 指標로 이용되는데 이에 對한 硏究報告는 基礎的 資料로서의 重要性에도 불구하고 林木 특히 소나무類에 있어서는 극히 드물었다. 이에 서울大學交 農科大學 構內에 있는 소나무類 5樹種에 對한 針葉單位生重量當 葉綠素含量을 月別測定한 結果 樹種間의 含量差異는 뚜렷하니지 않았으나 測定時期間에는 差異를 보였다. 總葉綠素의 含量變化는 葉綠素 a의 含量變化에 起因하며 이는 여름철에는 높고 겨울철에는 낮았다. 또한 最大値는 2年生 針葉을 7, 8月에 測定했을 때 나타났다. 이러한 結果를 綜合해 볼 때 소나무類의 生理的 生活은 葉綠素 a와 密接한 關係를 갖고 있는 것으로 思料된다. To obtain the fundamental data about the chlorophyll contents of some conifers, monthly measurements of them per unit fresh weight(g) of needles were performed. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Difference of total chlorophyll contents between measuring times in a species was clear but not between species. Total chlorophyll content in summer showed high value and that in winter did low value. 2. In general, the total chlorophyll contents of the conifers showed the highest values in two-year-old needles, measured in July or August. 3. Monthly change of total chlorophyll contents was mainly due to that of the contents of chlorophyll a, and the contents of chlorophyll b was not varied greatly with measuring times. 4. It seems that the physiological activity of needles was closely related with the contents of chlorophyll a.