컴퓨터 법에 있어서의 책임에 관한 연구

鄭鎭世,鄭在晃,方碩皓,河泰勳,李成德,崔鳳哲 홍익대학교 1995 弘大論叢 Vol.27 No.-

This paper, coauthored by Chin-Se Chung, as well as other 5 faculty members at Hong-Ik University Department of Law (Jea-Hwang Jeong, Suk-Ho Bang, Tae-Hoon Ha, Seong-Deog Yi and Bong-Chul Choi), deals with liability issuses surrounding constitutional law, administrative law, civil law (contracts, torts), commercial law, criminal law, international law and philosophy & law. Professor of Law Jea-Hwang Jeong makes a comparative analysis of privacy protection and disclosure of information legal issues, appeared at current Korean law and draft of law in case of the latter one. He suggestes some desirable ways of legislation through revision process and operation of legal rules at his paper. Professor of Law Suk-Ho Bang makes a brief survey of civil liability issues arising out of contracts and torts in English and American law, first. He tries to show that many Parts of arguments in such legal world are attributed to Statute of Frauds tradition, unique to such legal world. New developments in the area of torts, including computer malpractice and computer virus, are shown and analysed in terms of application possibility under our current law. But, as even the Anglo-American courts are found very reluctant to accept those arguments as new grounds for torts liability, it seems more plausible and practicable to refer to contractual approach, basically, rather than to torts approach even under English American law. Professor of Law Chin-Se Chung suggests in his paper on EFT that the allocation of liability under EFT be made under the new and most relevant principle, working for useful transmission way of fund, not solely under traditional legal principles. If such new principle works with high return of risk to users, it makes imminent problems against the goats of consumer protection, and eventually will be hardly refered to. Conversely, if it requires too much sacrifice from the side of banks, then the convenience in such system will not be utilized. So, it may be natural that EFT be discarded even without proper functioning under market system. In conclusion, Professor Chung points out that, only when banks fond that the economy out of cost-saving at tasks outweighs the risk undertaken by the banks, the banks will operate the system. But, if this system makes more return of benefits to the banks with the burden of users, it is against the idea of equity. Consequently, the banks should bear the aggeviated risks in return for the cost saved under this system Professor of Law Tae-Hoon Ha focuses his research paper on criminal liability under EFT. He draws his conclusion out of current criminal statutes that illegal fund transfer under automatic teller machines, cash cards and information system can not be penalized due to lack of proper statutory provision. So, the criminal provision on computer crime, newly made on December of 1995, can be positively appreciated. But, he anticipates that the question whether such new provision will be successful in regulating all illegal activites at fund transfor system without any operation defects in criminal code, or will cause new problem in interpretation of criminal code remains unsolved. Professor of Law Seong-Deog Yi examines the international legal issues which may be given rise to by direct satellite broadcasting. In his paper, the issue of national jurisdiction in relation to direct satellite broadcasting is firstly dealt with. Secondly, the possible ways in which direct satellite broadcasting is regulated by international law are examined with special emphasis of two different approaches, that is, freedom of information approach and state sovereignty approach. In this context, many international conventions concerning direct satellite broadcasting in Particular, and international regulatory regime of outer space in general are broadly reviewed. Thirdly, the types of activities which may be a violation of international legal regime of direct satellite broadcasting are suggested and the possible lethal remedies for these violations are proposed with the traditional international state responsibility law in mind. Professor of Law Bong-Chul Choi explores the relations of computerized society to its laws throughout his paper as a kind of conclusion of this whole paper. Computerized society is one that the technical, scientific, informational knowledge prevails. With correspondence to the structural change in knowledge, the law of such a society has suffered transformation, and the knowledge and techniques distributing and computing legal responsibility has also changed. However, he does not insist that the diffusion of technical knowledge is the sole factor of the transformation of legal responsibility. It is only one of the various factors. Moreover, he does not deny the continuation between the classical techniques distributing legal responsibility and the contemporary ones. In this era, the law realizes fairness and community values at the expense of singularities. In addition, he proposes that legal scholars take the diagnosis of law from the perspective of the technology/knowledge shifts seriously.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

중증 재생불량성 빈혈 환자에서 신우신염에 대한 광범위항생제치료 중에 속발한 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 진균감염 1예

김철희,이정호,이정찬,강정현,곽상혁,배광봉,김현수,김종숙,조덕연,김삼용 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1999 충남의대잡지 Vol.26 No.1

Most patients with aplastic anemia who do not respond to immunosuppressive treatment or are not candidates for bone marrow transplantation die of infection or bleeding. The neutropenia in acute leukemia, aplastic anemia, or occurring subsequently to chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation increases susceptibility to infection. In general, the number of infectious episodes correlate with the degree and duration of neutropenia. Global immunosuppression produced by conditioning for bone marrow transplantation or graft-versus-host disease, is associated with unusual bacterial and fungal pathogens, or serious viral and protozoan infections. In addition, repeated treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics is associated with the emergence of resistant organisms and fungal diseases because of the altered microbial microenvironment of the host. The incidence of invasive fungal infection caused by Saccharomycetes eerevisiae in immunosuppressed patients is very rare, compared with that of infection by candida or aspcrgillus species. Cases of Saccharomycetes cerevisiae fungemia occurring in the course of treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics are reported in patients with extensive burn or with prosthetic valve endocarditis. We experienced a case of urinary tract infection by Saccharomycetes cerevisiae in a 27-year old female patient with severe aplastic anemia. We report the case with a review of relevant literatures.

韓國의 經濟規制緩和의 現況과 政策方響에 관한 硏究

최봉호,정철호 釜山 外國語 大學校 1998 外大論叢 Vol.18 No.2

In the beginning of economic development, Korean economy needed a strong intervene and regulation for speedy growth within a shout peroid of time. We evalate that government regulation plays a affirmative part in economic development during the period. But economic scale is getting increased and the world economies ar internationalization, liberality and regionality at the same time. Uner such a circumstances, maintaining the government's regulations that don't match with the developement phase of economies and the change of world economies environments would increase unefficiency over the whole economies. Korea also has operated economies' opening with deregulation since 1970's, and from 1980's government's deregulation becames a major target of policy. But at this point of time, we evalate that a series of deregulations failed to restore the market faculty and increase economic efficency. Therefore, this papers examine the inefficency of-government's regulation and grounds of deregulation, and that after the present status and prblems of deregulation in korea. On the basis of these, we will exhibit the direction of deregulation policy. The major results of the study are as follows : first, the contents of deregulation's policies in korea were not essential but procedural. second, the main groups that do deregulation were regulation groups itself. thrid, though deregulation was done, there is a self-interest among government departments. Therefore, the items of deregulation was well not executed. We propose countermeasusres in consideration of above-results: first, the object of deregulation must be a essential and basic regulation (eg. the regulation about finance and tax system, utility of land, protection of environment). second, there must be the coordination of affairs scope betten the regulation and deregulation departments. third, the removal of govenments departments' self-interest, affairs' customs and relevant public officals' neglect.

피로균열 성장과정에 대한 평가방법의 영향

안철봉,최병기 한국공작기계학회 1999 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.8 No.1

This distribution of fatigue crack growth rate is subjected to the measuring interval and calculated method of growth rate. In this paper, in order to establish the method of determining the distribution of fatigue crack growth rate, which ignores those influences, a series of fatigue crack growth experiments and measuring intervals of crack length calculated reasonable are presented. The main conclusions obtained as summarized as follows: 1) As a result of the ΔP constant test and ΔK constant test, it is thought that an approximate measuring interval of 0.3~0.7 ㎜ is reasonable, which allows for few errors and is little subjected to the calculated method of creak growth rate. 2) After generally comparing the error estimation by using the experimental data of CCT specimen with the error rating of the CT specimens, it is possible that the fatigue test has few errors within the measuring interval, ξ(Δa/W)=0.0067~0.014, regardless of the dimension o specimen geometry.

위암발증 원인에 대한 생활습관 및 영양섭취에 있어서 농촌지역 주민 조사 : 강원도 화천군 주민의 Helicobacter pylori 감염률을 중심으로 Infection of Helicobacter pylori in Whachon Area, Kang-Won Do

권태봉,이정선,우영국,이명헌,정철원,주진순 한국식품영양학회 1999 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.12 No.1

위암발증의 원인을 밝히기 위하여 설문조사를 통하여 강원도 화천군에 거주하는 주민들의 일반사항, 생활습관 및 영양섭취실태와, ELISA법으로 Helicobacter pylori 감염률을 조사하였다. 조사 대상자는 40∼69세까지의 지역주민 169명으로 남자 79명, 여자 90명이었으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 조사 대상자의 학력은 65.7%가 초등학교 이하였으며, 월수입은 60%가 50만원 이하였다. 대상자의 62.7%가 농업에 종사하였고 자녀수는 64.3%가 3∼5명이었으며 대상자의 34.5%가 흡연을 하고 있었고 68.4%가 음주를 한다고 대답하였다. 대상자의 전체 평균신장은 156.7㎝로 여자는 150.1㎝, 남자는 164.4㎝ 이었다. 평균체중은 61.1㎏으로 여자의 체중은 57㎏, 남자는 65.7㎏이었으며 BMI는 전체 평균 25.5%로 여자는 24.8%, 남자는 20.1%이었다. Helicobacter pylori의 감염률은 전체 조사대상자의 66.3%이었으며, 여자의 67.7%, 남자의 64.6%가 감염되었고 연령별로는 40대의 70%, 50대의 62.2%, 60대의 69.4%가 각각 감염된 것으로 나타났다. 일상 생활 요인에 따른 Helicobacter pylori의 감염률은 흡연의 정도가 심하고 학력이 낮으며 월수입이 낮을수록 높은 경향을 보였다. Helicobacter pylori의 감염여부에 따라 감염자와 비감염자의 영양섭취량을 조사해 본 결과 비감염자는 감염자와 비교해서 에너지, 총단백질, 동물성 단백질, 칼슘, 비타민 C 섭취량이 높은 경향을 보였으며 철분과 niacin의 섭취량은 낮은 경향을 보였다. To examine the relationship between the casual infection of gastric cancer and lifestyle and nutritional status, we surveyed 169 persons, 90 females and 79 males, aged 40∼69 years from June 7 to June 14, 1997, in Whachon area, Kang-Won Do, Korea. For this purpose, we investigated Helicobacter pylori infection and identified the effect of sex, age, smoking, alcohol consumption, economic status, occupation, life-style and food intake on Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter pylori status was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay(ELISA) for anti-Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G(IgG). Helicobacter pylori infection was present in 66.3% of total subjects, namely, 67.7% of female and 64.6% of male and its prevalence increased with smoking, low education level and low monthly income. Energy, total protein, calcium and vitamin C intakes in the negative Helicobacter pylori infection group were higher than those in positive Helicobacter pylori infection group. However iron and niacin intakes were lower in the Helicobacter pylori negative group than in the positive group.

간통죄에 대한 헌법재판소 결정의 다수의견 검토

최봉철 홍익대학교 2007 홍익법학 Vol.8 No.2

The KCC has decided the criminal punishment of the adultery to be constitutional. In this paper, I maintain that the decision was wrong assuming that I agree on the KCC's majority opinion that the act infringes the right of others. The majority opinion held supplementary condition for such an act to be punished: if acts like the adultery may be criminally punished, there should be people's support that such an act be punished. How strong should people's support be for the adultery to be legally prohibited? The Court told that people regarded the adultery as the act that infringes the rights of others. Such an answer is clearly false. Right answers are for example; almost all people argues for the criminal punishment of adultery, people overwhelmingly hate such an act. In logical sequence, the Court first held the adultery to infringe the rights of others. Then it told that people's support is needed for the punishment of such an act like adultery. The additional requirement for punishment plays the role to curtail the state intervention as a matter of fact. However the Court made a blunt mistake, and could not give proper consideration to the requirement. 이 논문은 간통죄에 대한 헌법재판소의 다수의견을 비판하기 위한 것이다. 결론부터 말하자면,다수의견은 자신의 논리에 충실했다면 간통죄 규정은 위헌이라고 선언했어야 했는데, 자신의 논리를 제대로 이해하지 못함으로써 합헌이라는 잘못된 결론에 도달하게 되었다는 것이 필자의 주장이다. 다수의견은 간통을 타인의 권리를 침해하는 행위로 규정하며,간통과 같은 부류의 행위를 형사적 처벌의 대상으로 삼고자 하면 사회구성원의 지지가 있어야 한다는 논리를 폈었다. 우선 간통이 타인의 권리를 침해하는 행위인가에 대해 부정적인 판단이 존재할 수 있을 것이다. 잠정적으로 긍정적인 판단을 취한다 하더라도,간통 처벌에 대해서는 사회구성원의 지지가 있어야 처벌의 대상으로 삼을 수 있다는 것이 다수의견의 취지이다. 이 때의 사회구성원의 지지란 사회구성원의 압도적인 지지를 뜻하는 것으로 보아야 한다. 상식적으로 보든 영국에서의 도덕의 법적 강제에 관한 논쟁을 보든, 사회구성원의 지지가 무엇을 뜻하는가는 명백하다. 부수적으로 말해 다수의견은 부부간의 성적 성실의무란 사실상 책무라는 점을 인식하지 못하였다. 책무의 특징 중 하나는 그 수행에 대해서는 정도에 따른 평가가 내려진다는 점이다. 그런데도 간통죄 규정이 그 위반에 대해 징역형만을 규정한 것은 책무의 의미를 제대로 이해하지 못한 결과라고 말할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 다수의견은 자유주의적 입장에 충실하다. 그러하다면 다수의견은 당연히 간통죄 규정을 합헌이라고 선언하지 말았어야 할 것이다. 앞으로 간통죄에 대한 헌법재판의 기회가 부여된다면 위와 같은 오류를 계속하여 범할 것이 아니라 결정의 취지를 변경해야 할 것이다.

고강도 알루미늄 합금의 부식피로균열 성장 거동에 관한 연구(Ⅱ) : 주기 하중 파형의 영향 The Effect of Load Cyclic Wave-Form

김봉철,우흥식 동국대학교 경주대학 1997 東國論集 Vol.16 No.2

Fatigue crack growth in commercial plate of high strength aluminum alloy 7075-T651 has been studied under corrosion environments. In this paper the effect of cyclic load wave-form(trapezoid and triangle) on fatigue crack growth in air, water and sea water environments were investigated using standard LEFM testing procedures. It was founded that the fatigue crack growth behaviors were not affected by cyclic load wave-forms. In regin Ⅱ(stable crack growth region), the fatigue crack growth behaviors were affected by corrosion environments but the values of m are not affected by corrosion environments.

雲吉山 演習林의 自然休養林 造成에 關한 硏究 : 自然環境 및 人文社會環境을 中心으로 With Focus on Natural and Cultural Environment

金峰柱,辛壽哲,尹和榮 동국대학교 생명자원과학대학 연습림 1995 연습림논문집 Vol.- No.4

The study was carried out to investigate the natural and cultural environment, the actual condition for the utilization, the propriety of preparation for recreation forests on experiment forests of Dongguk univ. in Mt. Ungil located at eastern area of Seoul and central parts of Kyunggi Province. The results are as follows: 1. As this area consists of beautiful landscape and famous temples such as Sejungsa and Soojongsa, visitors are increasing every year. Therefore the area showed as much visiting popluation of 5,840 man in the same period as those of 6,279 men during May∼August 1993(vacation season) of the adjacent place, Mt.Chungye which were prepared for natural recreation forest facilities. 2.This area is composed of diverse woody plants;52 Families, 110 Genera, 196 Species by Lee in 1984 and 23 Orders. 45 Families, 209 Species by Kim & Lee in 1981, which deserve to possess almost all the representative decidous broad leaf trees of middle temperate zone in Korean, medicinal plants of 15 Orders, 28 Families, 52 Species, birds 10 Orders, 26 Families, 67 Species including Brown hawk owl as a natural monument, mammalia of 11 Families, and amphibiaㆍreptile of 12 species. 3. As a result of the evalution items for the forest recreation site, Mt. Ungil had a potential area by marking total 67.5 points, summed with 15pts of landscape (suitable), 12pts of flora & fauna(suitable), 14pts of water(possible), 8pts of development condition(unsuitable), 11pts of accessibility (most suitable), and 7.5pts of recreation opportunity (unsuitable), respectively.

유도 지도자의 리더십 유형이 팀 성과에 미치는 영향

이기철,이봉건,안철순 부산 외국어 대학교 2001 外大論叢 Vol.23 No.1

With high school judo athletes as subjects, this study aims to reveal the relations between leadership types they favor and those they actually perceive. This analysis of the degrees of discrepancy and satisfaction felt by the athletes led to the following conclusions: 1.Leadership score according to sexes: 1) Autocratic behavior was the highest and affirmative feedback was the lowest in male teams. 2) Social support was the greatest and instructions appeared the lowest in female teams. 2.Leadership score in male teams according to team levels: 1) In superior teams, the highest and the lowest were social support and instructions respectively. 2) In inferior teams, autocratic and democratic behavior scored the highest and the lowest marks respectively. 3.Leadership score in female teams according to team levels: 1) In high-achievement teams, the highest and the lowest were social support and positive feedback respectively. 2) In low-achievement teams, autocratic behavior and instructions scored the highest and the lowest marks respectively. 4.Leadership discrepancy and athletes' satisfaction according to sexes: 1) The male group with lower discrepancy in instractions (p<0.01) and democratic behavior (p<0.001) showed greater satisfaction. 2) The female group with lower disagreement in autocratic behavior(p<0.01) indicated higher degrees of satisfaction. 5.Leadership behavior types and athletes' satisfaction degrees according to sexes and team levels: 1) In male teams, the excellent group in instructions and democratic behavior (p<0.01) revealed more satisfaction. 2) In female teams, the outstanding group in instructions (p<0.001), democratic behavior, and autocratic behavior (p<0.01) tuned out to be more satisfied.