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韓國 行政區域名의 歷史 地理學的 硏究 : 「洲」에 對하여 A case of "Ju"(州)
李聖學 慶北大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.32 No.-
1) The character of district name of Korea, "Ju(州)", was different according to the times and regions, that is, "Ju(州)" of Silla(新羅) was a dualistic character of the district names such as "Do"(道) or "Kun"(郡). And "Ju" of "Koryo"(高麗) didn't have "Do"(道) system but had "Kun"(郡) system. Furthermore, "Kun"(郡) system diversed. "Ju" of "Yi" dynasty(朝鮮) was not used as the district-name but as place-name which residents were more than "Mok-Sa"(牧使) rank. So, the use of "Ju(州)" in the end of the region-name reflects the character of history. 2) The variation of the Korean district name is due to the character of society rather than of location. the relative place of the kings household and a meritorious retainer was elevated, meanwhile, the relative place of a traitor was demoted. And, when the district name was changed, the place-name, generally, was changed, too.
韓國 行政區域의 『縣』에 關한 硏究 : 歷史地理學的 考察 By method of Historical Geography
李聖學 慶北大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.29 No.-
1. "Hyun" have been a unit name of administrative district since establishment of "Hansagun" in Korea. "Boo" "Gun" and "Hyun", which were subordinated to "Do", had coordinative relationship each other. But "Hyun" was the lower hierarchy than "Boo""Gun" in the sense of the magistval-ship. 2. There were a lot of changes in the upgrading and downgrading. the establishment and abandenment, and the subordination and coalition of "Hyun". The reason is not due to the change of Geographical characteristics but to the change of Social relationship. 3. Even in the same "Hyun", there were two kinds of magistral-ship. And there was hierachical relation between dominative and subordinative "Hyun". 4. "Hyun" was abolished by the local administrative district reform in 1895 A.D. (King Kojong 32) in Korea. Then the previous "Hyun" area was reorganized to "Gun" or "Myun" area. But "Hyun" is continuing existence in the neighboring country such as Japan and China. By the was, As "Hyun" in Japan cooresponds to "Do" in Korea nowadays, the characteristic of "Hyun" is quite different from that of Korea. 5. "Hyun" as the unit name of administrative district has been abolished. But the name of "Hyun" is used as the name of "Gun" or "Myun".
韓國의 地名에 關한 硏究 : 主로 慶尙北道의 里洞名에 對한 歷史地理學的 考察
李聖學 慶北大學校 1975 論文集 Vol.20 No.-
(1) Ri(里)or Dong(洞), the lowest order of Korean administrative district is same concept but it have been mixed use in historically and now it does although in same Eup(邑)or Myun(面), too. Therefore writer thinks thut it identified in Ri(里)), and distingushed from Dong(洞) in city. (2) In view point of type in Ri(里)or Dong(洞) name of Kyung-pook(慶北) province, there are many place names predominantly for natural features, otherwise a few place names in ideality. (3) Although Kyung-pook(慶北) province contrast with other province, have predominant history in Jo-sun (朝鮮) dynasty, but could not find it's characteristics in name of Ri(里) or Dong(洞). There are Won(院), Po(浦), Jin(津), which related with functions of Ri(里) or Dong(洞), but absented Joo(州), which means large town. And could not find place name which related with man name because it became from the thought of avoid for naming their ancestor's name to place name since mid-age of Koryu(高麗) dynasty. We could find the thought of restoration, which new place names name after old ones.
韓國의 行政區域에 關한 硏究 : 주로 역사지리학적 고찰
李聖學 慶北大學校 1972 論文集 Vol.16 No.-
(1) Administrative district of Korea has been changed by periodic term of bureaucratic system and social system. Untill last period of Lee dynasty there was homoge neitic structure such as Ju(州), Mok(牧), Bu(府), Gun(郡), Hyun(縣), but under the Japanese colonial goverment this system was dismished and replaud subordinate system such as si(市) or Gun(郡), Eup(邑) or Myun(面), Ri(里) or dong(洞). This system has become the basic pivot of recent administrative district. (2) In the hieratic change of administrative district, the significance of geographic pattern was neglected and birth place of land lord, meritorious retainer and insurgent was deeply considered, as result of it there were off bodering area and saw shaped district which neglected geographical characteristics. (3) Result which regional differences of administrative district was calculated by correlation of important geographical factors and standard deviation, generally positive relation between financial degree and population but negative relation between financial degree and area. Because area has negative relation with population, the more regional differences of population is the more differneces of financial degree.
Expression of VEGF, p53, Apaf-1 and Caspase-9 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
이성학,강여주,조의주,이연수,강창석,Lee, Sung Hak,Kang, Yeo Ju,Jo, Ui Ju,Lee, Youn Soo,Kang, Chang Suk The Korean Society for Head and Neck Oncology 2012 대한두경부 종양학회지 Vol.28 No.2
배 경 편평상피암은 두경부의 악성종양 중 가장 흔하며, 임상적인 경과가 불량하다. 따라서 나쁜 예후를 가지는 환자군을 조기에 선별하여 더 적극적인 치료의 시행을 결정짓는 표지자의 필요성이 대두된다. 우리는 일련의 두경부 편평세포암 검체에서 몇몇 분자 표지자의 예후적 유용성을 평가하고자 하였다. 방 법 23예의 두경부 편평세포암 검체를 대상으로 VEGF, p53, Apaf-1, caspase-9의 발현과 몇몇 임상병리학적 지표들간의 연관성을 면역조직화학염색을 통해 조사하였다. 결 과 환자군은 남성이 더 많았으며 평균연령은 63.7세였다. 1기가 5예, 2기가 2예, 3기가 8예, 4기가 8예였다. 평균생존기간은 37.3개월이었다. VEGF단백 발현은 종양의 크기와 통계적으로 유의한 연관성을 보였다. 이와 더불어 VEGF단백 발현은 병기, 그리고 림프관 침습과 연관적인 경향성을 보였다. 그러나 VEGF단백 발현과 생존기간과는 관련성이 없었다. 또한, Apaf-1과 caspase-9의 단백발현은 다른 임상지표, 환자의 생존기간과는 관련이 없었다. 결 론 VEGF단백 발현은 두경부 편평세포암 환자에서 나쁜 임상경과를 예측할 수 있게 하는 표지자로서의 역할을 할 수 있다. 또한 본 연구는 두경부 편평세포암에서 별로 연구되지 않은 Apaf-1과 caspase-9의 발현상태를 밝힌 점에서 의의가 있다.