인삼엽(人蔘葉)을 이용한 다류제조(茶類製造)에 관한 연구

양희천,이석영 한국농화학회 1979 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.22 No.1

The possibility of utilizing greet amount. of by-product of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. meyer) plant-that is, production of ter from ginseng leaf, was studied and the results are summarized as follows: 1. Ginseng leaf contains more soluble matter than tea leaf (Then sinensis) and the soluble matter is easily extracted by hot water. 2. Ginseng leaf has less tannin (2.2%) than yea leaf (7.89%). Therefore, it has less astringency that, tea. 3. Vitamin C content of ginseng leaf is not compared with that of tea leaf. In fact, ginseng leaf contains Vitamin C 50∼110 times of tea leaf. 4. Ginseng leaf contains 5.7∼8.5% glycoside (dammaranes) and the ratio of penaxadiol to panaxatriol is 0.54∼0.75 that is, panaxatriol contents is high. 5. For tire acceptability of the product related with the soluble matter contents and color t1e method of extracting 2g of ginseng leaf product in 200㎖ of water for 3 minutes is recommended. 6. As a result of evaluating the flavor characteristics and effective components of the products, product D which is produced by the process of steaming, drying and roasting is considered to have the best quality.

식량자원과 미생물

양희천 한국식품산업협회 1980 좋은식품 Vol.56 No.-

스태틱 믹서의 유동 및 혼합에 대한 연구 ( A Study of Flow and Mixing in a Static Mixer )

양희천,박상규,엄용석,라병열 대한기계학회 2001 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2 No.2

표면마감방법과 볕쪼임이 숙성중 표층 고추장 품질에 미치는 영향

양희천,김중만,송현주 한국식생활문화학회 1993 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.8 No.3

고추장을 직립성 용기에 담아 숙성보관시 곱이 발생하는 것을 방지하기 위하여 햇빛을 쪼여 표면을 관리하는 것이 일반적이나 이 경우 표면층 고추장이 건조되고, 적색이 흑변되고, 유동성이 상실되며, 과염도 및 이물질 오염 등으로 인하여 많은 양이 비가식화되는 문제가 있어 왔다. 숙성 보관중 표층 고추장의 악변에 의한 손실을 최소화할 수 있는 숙성 조건을 조사하기 위하여 표면을 3가지 방법(무처리, 소금뿌림, PE-film덮기)으로 처리한 후 각각 햇빛을 쪼이면서 숙성한 경우(A, B, C)와 A, B, C와 같이 처리한 후 뚜껑을 덮어 숙성(A', B', C')시키면서 15일 간격으로 수분, 염도, pH, 점도, 퍼짐성(찍음성), 색도, 곱의 발생유무를 조사 비교하였다. 2일에 1회 햇빛을 쪼이면서 120일간 숙성시킨 경우(A, B, C)곱은 발생되지 않았으나 수분함량 감소(59%→21-29%), 적색도 감소 내지는 흑색화(21→0-1), 퍼짐성 감소, 굳기 증가(20g→380g) 및 과염도화(8-18%→l8-30%) 등으로 많은 양이 비가식화되는 문제가 발생하였다. 반면 뚜껑을 덮어 숙성시킨 경우 적색도, 염도, 퍼짐성, 굳기는 양호하게 유지되었으나 PE-film을 사용한 경우를 제외하고 곱이 많이 발생되어 PE-film을 덮어 숙성시키는 것이 고추장 표면을 건전하게 관리하는데 효과적인 방법으로 확인되었다. To minimize the waste amount of surface layer kochujang during aging, the effects of the three finishing methods(nothing, salt scatering and Polyethylene film on the kochujang surface) and sunning(conventional aging method) or nonsunning aging(cap covering) on water content, redness and spreadability, film forming yeast occurance and salinity of surface layer kochujang during 120 days aging were investigated. In the case of sunning aging, film forming yeast was not visually found on the surface. The surface layer kochujang was so low spreadability(zero) and very high salinity(18-30%) that could not eat. However, the aging method after PE-film covering on the kochujang surface, and then cap covering(nonsunning) was very effective in keeping of soundness of surface layer kochujang without film forming yeast growth on the surface kochujang, especially was greatly effective in keeping of redness, moderate moisture content and spreadability. The PE-film and cap covering aging were effective in prevention of water evaporation and CO₂ release, and in accumulation of ethanol and organic acids between the PE-film and surface layer of kochujang.

인삼식물의 종자발육 과정에 있어서의 생리화학적 연구

양희천,Hee-Chun Yang 한국작물학회 1974 Korean journal of crop science Vol.- No.17

This study was done on the metabolism of chemical components during the seed development of ginseng. The changes of the chemical components were inspected in the following periods: from the early stage of flower organ formation to flowering time, from the early stage of fruiting to maturity, during the moisture stratification before sowing. From flower bud forming stage to meiosis stage, the changes in the fresh weight, dry weight, contents of carbohydrates, and contents of nitrogen compounds were slight while the content of TCA soluble phosphorus and especially the content of organic phosphorus increased markedly. From meiosis stage to microspore stage the fresh and dry weights increase greatly. Also, the total nitrogen content increases in this period. Insolub]e nitrogen was 62-70% of the total nitrogen content; the increase of insoluble nitrogen seems to have resulted form the synthesis of protein. The content of soluble sugar (reducing and non-reducing sugar) increases greatly but there was no observable increase in starch content. In this same period, TCA soluble phosphorus reached the maximum level of 85.4% of the total phosphorus. TCA insoluble phosphorus remained at the minimum content level of 14.6%. After the pollen maturation stage and during the flowering period the dry weight increased markedly and insolub]e nitrogen also increased to the level of 67% of the total nitrogen content. Also in this stage, the organic phosphorus content decreased and was found in lesser amounts than inorganic phosphorus. A rapid increase in the starch content was also observed at this stage. In the first three weeks after fruiting the ginseng fruit grows rapidly. Ninety percent of the fresh weight of ripened ginseng seed is obtained in this period. Also, total nitrogen content increased by seven times. As the fruits ripened, insoluble nitrogen increased from 65% of the total nitrogen to 80% while soluble nitrogen decreased from 35% to 20%. By the beginning of the red-ripening period, the total phosphoric acid content increased by eight times and was at its peak. In this same period, TCA soluble phosphorus was 90% of total phosphorus content and organic phosphorus had increased by 29 times. Lipid-phosphorus, nucleic acid-phosphorus and protein-phosphorus also increased during this stage. The rate of increase in carbohydrates was similar to the rate of increase in fresh weight and it was observed at its highest point three weeks after fruiting. Soluble sugar content was also highest at this time; it begins to decrease after the first three weeks. At the red-ripening stage, soluble sugar content increased again slightly, but never reached its previous level. The level of crude starch increased gradually reaching its height, 2.36% of total dry weight, a week before red-ripening, but compared with the content level of other soluble sugars crude starch content was always low. When the seeds ripened completely, more than 80% of the soluble sugar was non-reducing sugar, indicating that sucrose is the main reserve material of carbohydrates in ginseng seeds. Since endosperm of the ripened ginseng seeds contain more than 60% lipids, lipids can be said to be the most abundant reserve material in ginseng seeds; they are more abundant than carbohydrates, protein, or any other component. During the moisture stratification, ginseng seeds absorb quantities of water. Lipids, protein and starch stored in the seeds become soluble by hydrolysis and the contents of sugar, inorganic phosphorus, phospho-lipid, nucleic acid-phosphorus, protein phosphorus, and soluble nitrogen increase. By sowing time, the middle of November, embryo of the seeds grows to 4.2-4.7mm and the water content of the seeds amounts to 50-60% of the total seed weight. Also, by this time, much budding material has been accumulated. On the other hand, dry stored ginseng seeds undergo some changes. The water content of the seeds decreases to 5% and there 인삼 종자의 결실과 최아과정중에서 일어나는 물질대사의 기본적 소인을 알고저 화기형성초기로부터 개화기까지, 결실초기부터 홍숙기까지, 그리고 최아과정중 화학성분의 변화를 추구하였다. 1. 화뢰에서는 감수분열기 이전까지 신선중, 건물중, 회수화물, 질소화합물의 변동은 그리 크지 않으며 TCA가용성인, 특히 유기태인의 증가와 현저하였다. 2. 감수분열기로부터 소포자기에 이르는 기간 동안 신선중, 건물중이 급격히 증가되고 전질소량이 증가하는데 불용성 질소구분은 이 시기부터 그 량이 늘어나 단백질이 합성되는 것을 의미하고 있으며 불용성 질소가 전질소의 62∼70%를 차지하고 있다. 또한 가용성 당분이 급격하게 증가되어 환원당, 비환원당이 모두 증가하나 전분의 증가는 볼 수 없고, 전인에 대한 TCA가용성인이 85.4%, TCA불용성인이 14.6%로 화뢰성장중 각각 최고, 최소치를 나타내고 있다. 3. 화분성숙기 이후와 개화기에서 특히 건물중의 증가가 현저하고 불용성질소도 계속 증가되어 총질소의 67%에 이른다. 또한 두드러진 유기태인의 저하와 갑작스런 조전분의 증가를 볼 수 있고 무기태인량이 유기태 인량을 능가하게 된다. 4. 결실기부터 홍열기까지에 있어서는 신선중량의 90%가 결실 후 3주간에 증가하는데, 1) 전질소량은 7배로 증가되었고 성숙되어 갈수록 전질소에 대한 불용성질소의 량이 커져서 65%에서 80%이상으로 상승되고 한편 가용성질소의 비율은 35%에서 20%이하로 저하되었다. 2) 전인산량도 8배로 증가되는데 홍숙이 시작되는 시기에 최고에 이르고 이때에 전인산에 대한 TCA가용성인의 비율도 가장 커서 90%에 이른다. 유기태인도 홍숙이 시작될 때까지 29배나 증가되며 지질태인, 핵산태인, 단백태인이 모두 증가되고 있다. 3) 회수화물의 증가는 신선중의 증가와 유사한데결실한지 3주 후에 최고량에 달하고 그 후는 사실상 증가하지 않으며 가용성당도 3주 후에 최고에 달했다가 일시 감소하며 홍숙기에 약간 증가하나 먼저 수준에는 이르지 못하며 조전분은 점차 증가되어 홍숙되기 일주 전에 최고량에 달하나 전 건물량의 2.36% 밖에 되지 못한다. 회수화물중 가용성당이 차지하는 비율이 훨씬 크며 완숙기에서는 가용성당분중 약80% 이상의 비환원당으로 되어 있어 인삼 종자의 주요 회수화물을 이루고 있다. 4) 한편 완숙된 종자의 배란중에는 60% 이상의 지방을 함유하고 있어 인삼 종자의 저장물질은 단백질이나 회수화물이기 보다는 주로 지방이다. 5. 최아조작중에는 배가 11월중순의 파종기까지 4.2∼4.7mm로 발육하며 충분히 흡수하여 50∼60%에 이르고, 저장지방, 단백질, 전분이 가수분해하여 가용화되고 당분, 무기태인, 인지질, 핵산태인, 단백태인과 가용성질소의 증가를 보이고 있어 세포내용물의 전이가 일어나 발아에 필요한 물질을 축적하고 있다.

효모와 식품

양희천 한국식품산업협회 1979 좋은식품 Vol.51 No.-

Synthesis of hollow silica materials using zeolites as cores and their application

양희천,이예원,김건중 한국공업화학회 2016 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2016 No.0

최근 촉매분야의 연구 동향 중 하나는 값비싼 촉매를 재사용하는 방법을 개발하는 것이다. 이중 한 가지 방법은 기공이 크고 균일한 분포를 갖고있는 macroporous한 물질을 만든 후 homogeneous 촉매를 담지시켜 heterogeneous 촉매로 만들어 반응하는 것이다. 위 연구에서는 의약품 중간체 생성에 쓰이는 Co(Ⅱ) salen 촉매를 hollow NaY zeolite에 담지하여 heterogeneous 촉매를 제조한다. 여기서 사용한 NaY zeolite는 TEOS/ C18 silane을 이용하여 가수분해 반응을 통해 표면을 코팅한다. C18 silane을 제거하기 위해 소성한 후 template core로 사용한 NaY zeolite를 HCl을 이용하여 제거한다. Co(Ⅱ)-salen을 MC에 녹인 후 hollow NaY zeolite에 담지한다. 담지된 salen 촉매를 가두기 위해 TEOS를 이용하여 코팅처리 한다. Boron trifluoride(BF3)와 담지된 NaY zeolite를 MC에 넣은 후 공기를 주입하여 교반하여 Co(Ⅱ) salen을 BF3-Co(Ⅲ) salen 촉매로 산화시킨다. Co(Ⅲ) salen 촉매를 ECH와 hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR) 반응을 통해 촉매의 Conversion과 enantioselectivity를 GC를 통해 확인한다.

자동차 모형 주위의 유동에 대한 수치해석

양희천 麗水水産大學校産業技術硏究所 1997 産業基術硏究所 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

In this study external airflows around road vehicle models were numerically studied to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics. Models used in this study were simplified from the car which is runnung, and after understanding the physical meaning through numerical simulations for 2-D models, this was verified through numerical simulations for semi 3-D models amd 3-D model. FVM based on a general curvilinear coordinate system was used to solve the governing equations and for turbulent flows, standard k-εmodel were used. Two different differencing schemes e.g. Upwind Differencing Scheme and Linear Upwind Differencing Scheme were used and compared. There was large wake region behind vehicles, so the differencing scheme had an influence on the calculation results. The drag coefficients of 3-dimensional model car by the calculation were about 40-50% higher than the experimental values.

분류층 연소기내의 유동해석

양희천,박상규,정동화 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2001 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.25 No.6

This paper described a numerical investigation performed to understand better the effects of flow parameters in an entrained flow combustor on the flow characteristics. The computational model was based on the gas phase Eulerian equations of mass, momentum and energy. The code was formulated with RNG $k-\varepsilon$ model for turbulent flow. The calculation parameters were the ratio of primary and secondary jet velocity and the height difference between primary and secondary jet As the secondary jet velocity increased, the upper recirculation 3one of the primary jet was strengthened. It was found that as the primary jet velocity increased, there was a critical jet Velocity at which the size of upper and lower recirculation zone was reversed.

RNG k-$\varepsilon$모델을 이용한 포트/밸브계 및 실린더내의 유동해석

양희천 한국마린엔지니어링학회 1998 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.22 No.4

Applicability of the RNG k-$\varepsilon$ model to the analysis of unsteady axisymmetric turbulent flow of a reciprocating engine including port/valve assembly is studied numerically. The governing equations based on non-orthogonal including port/valve assembly is studied numerically. The governing equations based on a non-orthogonal coordinate formulation with Cartesian velocity components are used and discretised by the finite volume method with non-staggered variable arrangements. The predicted results using the RNG k-$\varepsilon$ model of the unsteady axisymmetric turbulent flow within a cylinder of reciprocating model engine including port/valve assembly are compared to these from the modified k-$\varepsilon$ model and experimental data. Using the RNG k-$\varepsilon$ model seems the have some potential for the simulations of the unsteady turbulent flow within a port/valve-cylinder assembly over the modified k-$\varepsilon$model.