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한국에 있어서의 학교급식개선을 위한 연구 II. 자활급식 2년간의 관찰
김명호,이원덕,김영옥,김문식,Kim, Myung-Ho,Lee, Won-Duck,Kim, Young-Ok,Kim, Moon-Shik 대한예방의학회 1976 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.9 No.1
It is obvious that adequate nutrition is essential for growth and development of school children, and many elementary schools in this country have already practiced it. Therefore, it would seem apparent that the school feeding program would have a significant effect on the growth and development of school children. This paper presents a two-year experimental school-feeding program from 1973 to 1974, and attempts to evaluate its effects by before-and-after nutrition surveys conducted in two elementary schools, one experimental and the other as a control. The two schools are both located in the same county (Yongin-Kun, Kyunggi-Do), and the families of their students are presumed to share the same socio-economic level. To assess the effect of school-feeding, we measured height, weight, chest circumference and grasping power. Physical examination was done foresigns of nutritional deficiency. A stool examination for parasites and blood examinations for hemoglobin, hematocrit and serum protein were included. Analyses were done for 150 students selected randomly at the beginning of the program. These students attended the school throughout the program period. Results are as follows: 1. The amount of increase of height, weight, chest cirumference and grasping power were greater in the experimental school than in the control school, but the differences are not statistically significant. 2. Signs of vitamin deficiency decreased in both experimental and control schools during the two-year program period. 3. At the time of the 1974 post-survey, values of Hb. & Hct. revealed no significant differences between the two schools, but serum protein level was a little higher than that of general Korean rural children of the same age. 4. Infestation rate of parasites had increased in both schools during the two-year program period. 5. Each student of the two schools was classified into three major classes, according to the level of economic condition of his or her parents, namely higher, middle and lower. The results of each class of the experimental school was compared with that of the corresponding class of the control school, expecting the relative magnitude of change largest in the lower economic class of the experimental school. However, change was greatest in the middle class, still not being statistically significant. Finally, the authors concluded that the two-year period for such a program is not sufficiently long for its beneficial effects to be demonstrated and measured. As long as the growth and development of children are concerned, planning with a more distant perspective is required, as well as the development of new methods of evaluation.
김은혜(Kim, Eun-Hye),이원덕(Lee, Won-Duck) 동국대학교 영상미디어센터 2017 씨네포럼 Vol.0 No.27
영화 속 사운드는 영상의 리얼리티를 돕기도 하고 감정을 증폭시킨다. 또한, 청각적 표현으로 인해 영상의 움직임은 가속화 되고 심도 깊은 표현이 가능해진다. 이렇듯 영상과 사운드는 수직적, 수평적인 관계를 속에서 상호작용을 한다. 영화 속에는 다양한 종류의 사운드와 음악이 쓰이는데 그 범위는 생각보다 넓다. 리얼 사운드, 20세기 음악에서 시도된 여러 가지 사조를 포함한 난해한 소리에서 부터 비선율적인 음악, 소음, 타악기적인 소리 등, 다양한 소리의 객체(sound object)들은 영화 사운드 표현의 중요한 대상이 된다. 소음이나 그 동안 흔히 사용되지 않았던 소리들이 소리의 객체로 등장한 것은 구체음악의 영향이라 할 수 있다. 구체음악의 등장은 음 소재의 확장에 있어서 일대 변혁을 가져오게 되었고, 다양한 음 소재의 사용으로 영화 속 음악과 음향의 경계는 불확실하게 된다. 이러한 다양한 청각적 표현들은 영화의 내러티브를 더 섬세하고 객관적으로 묘사할 수 있는 수단이 된다. 영화 〈밀정〉은 일제하 암울하고 불안정한 시대의 이야기이다. 등장인물간의 갈등과 서로를 믿지 못하는 불신, 불확실한 시대적 배경을 영화의 사운드 역시 불분명한 표현으로 일관하고 있다. 타악기적인 음색의 지속적인 사용, 불협화음의 등장, 비 선율적인 음악의 사용으로 인해, 음악인지 음향인지 혹은 엠비언스 인지 구분하는 것이 무의미하다. 불확실한 시대상이 서사에 표현에만 한정된 것이 아니라 영화의 모티브는 사운드 연출에 적용되었다. Sounds in a film not only adds reality to the film but amplifies emotions like love, rage and sorrow. The auditive expressions accelerates the motion of the video and enables a profound expression. The video and sound interacts within the vertical and horizontal relationship. A film uses a wide range of sound and music. Different kinds of sound objects are an important object in sound expression, including the real sound, complex sounds of the various trends tried in the 20th century and the unmelodic music, noise or percussion sound. The unusual sound like noise became the sound object under the influence of concrete music. The advance of concrete music brought a revolution to expansion of sound materials which blurred the boundary between music and sound in a film. These diverse auditive expressions allows a film to describe the narrative in more delicate and objective way. The film The Age of Shadows is a story of the unstable age under Japanese imperialism. The vague film sound describe the conflict and distrust between the characters and the unclear background of the age. The continuous percussion sound, disoonance and unmelodic music makes it meaningless to determine whether it is music, sound or ambience. The motive, instead of the unclear background of the age limited only to the narrative expression, is applied to the sound direction.
관골궁 골절의 정복시 수술 중 C-Arm 사용의 유용성: 증례보고
서미현,천강용,윤준용,유충규,이은경,이원덕,서제덕,Seo, Mi-Hyun,Cheon, Kang-Yong,Yun, Jun-Yong,Yoo, Chung-Kyu,Lee, Eun-Kyung,Lee, Won-Deok,Suh, Je-Duck 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2010 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.32 No.4
The zygoma is second most commonly vulnerable facial bone in fracture, in number only by nasal fractures. It is difficult to evaluate reduction state intraoperatively, because almost surgeons reduce the fractured zygoma by blind method. We suggest the use of orthopedic C-arm intraoperatively. We use plain radiography, CT to evaluate preoperative state. Gilles approach or intraoral approach were used to reduce the fractured zygomatic arch. The C-arm was positioned at chin area, used to evaluate reduction intraoperatively. We got postoperative image by CT or submento-vertex view. There are variable methods to evaluate reduction intraoperatively: palpation, ultrasonography, CT, plain films. C-arm is considered superior diagnostic tool to other methods. The use of intraoperative C-arm was very efficient, it could bring better results.