딥러닝 시대의 문법 연구

송상헌 한국언어과학회 2022 한국언어과학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.02

초등학교 6학년 수학영재들의 기하 과제 증명 능력에 관한 사례 분석

송상헌,정영옥,장혜원 대한수학교육학회 2006 수학교육학연구 Vol.16 No.4

This study examined the proof levels and understanding of constituents of proving by three mathematically gifted 6th grade korean students, who belonged to the highest 1% in elementary school, through observation and interviews on the problem-solving process in relation to constructing a rectangle of which area equals the sum of two other rectangles. We assigned the students with Clairaut's geometric problems and analyzed their proof levels and their difficulties in thinking relatedto the understanding of constituents of proving. Analysis of data was made based on the proof level suggested by Waring (2000) and the constituents of proving presented by Galbraith(1981), Dreyfus & Hadas(1987), Seo(1999). As a result, we found out that the students recognized the meaning and necessity of proof, and they performed some geometric proofs if only they had teacher's proper intervention. 본 연구는 경기도의 A, S시 교육청 과학영재교육원에서 교육을 받고 있는 초등학교 6학년 학생들이 기하 영역의 특정 과제를 해결하는 과정에서 보여주는 증명의 수준과 증명의 구성 요소에 대한 이해 정도를 확인하는 것이다. 이를 위해 동일한 시기에 선발되어 함께 교육프로그램에 참여하고 있는 20명 중 표현력이 우수한 3명의 학생을 담임교수로부터 추천 받아 질적 연구 방법을 통해 분석하였다. 각 학생들에게 Clairaut의 기하 과제 중 하나인 ‘두 직사각형의 넓이를 합한 것과 동일한 넓이를 갖는 하나의 직사각형을 작도하시오.’라는 과제를 제시하고, 그것을 해결하는 과정에서 나타나는 증명의 수준과 증명의 구성 요소에 대한 이해와 관련하여 초등 수학영재들이 보여주는 사고의 특징을 분석하였다. 자료 분석은 Waring(2000)이 제시한 증명 수준과 Galbraith(1981), Dreyfus & Hadas(1987), 서동엽(1999) 등이 제시한 증명의 구성 요소에 기초하여 이루어졌다. 그 결과, 4가지의 의미 있는 결과를 도출하였고 이를 바탕으로 수학영재교육에 주는 시사점을 논의하였다.

In Defense of Comparisons between Formal and Informal Acceptability Judgments

송상헌,오은정 한국생성문법학회 2017 생성문법연구 Vol.27 No.4

This squib addresses the theoretical and empirical premise of comparisons between informal and formal acceptability judgments in defense of necessities and implications of our own work on experimental syntax. Since the early days of experimental syntax, some linguists have expressed concerns about comparing the results of informal and formal methods. Contrary to this stance, we have found ample evidence that comparing these two types of judgments is not only justified but also a fruitful method for delving into syntactic constraints.

Selectional Preferences of Korean Verbal Items

송상헌,최재웅 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2014 언어연구 Vol.31 No.2

The present study computes the selectional preference the verbal items show in relation to their co-occurring subjects and objects in Korean. The selectional preference indicates how significant is the semantic corelation between a verbal item and the class of nouns that appear in its argument position. The selectional preference measurements presented in the current work is automatically measured in a bottom-up way, using two types of language resources: One is a parsed corpus (the Sejong Korean Treebank), and the other is lexical hierarchies or wordnets. The three Korean wordnets that are made use of are CoreNet, KorLex, and U-WIN. The acquisition model is grounded upon the Lowest Common Subsumer that represents the closest common ancestor node for the given two nodes within the hierarchy. As a way to address the issue of exponential growth in calculation time and others, this study makes use of a programming technique called hill climbing. The selectional preferences, specifically Selectional Preference Strengths and Selectional Associations proposed in Resnik (1996), are defined by Kullback-Leibler Divergence, and their values are derived based on the collection of LCSs. The results are evaluated with reference to the Sejong Electronic Dictionary, with human evaluation, with parsing evaluation using a stochastic parser, and finally in a qualitative manner.

Polygenic risk score for genetic evaluation of prostate cancer risk in Asian populations: A narrative review

송상헌,변석수 대한비뇨의학회 2021 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.62 No.3

Decreasing costs of genetic testing and interest in disease inheritance has changed the landscape of cancer prediction in prostate cancer (PCa), and guidelines now include genetic testing for high-risk groups. Familial and hereditary PCa comprises approximately 20% and 5% of all PCa, respectively. Multifaceted disorders like PCa are caused by a combinatory effect of rare genes of high penetrance and smaller genetic variants of relatively lower effect size. Polygenic risk score (PRS) is a novel tool utilizing PCa-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified from genome-wide association study (GWAS) to generate an additive estimate of an individual's lifetime genetic risk for cancer. However, most PRS are developed based on GWAS collected from mainly European populations and do not address ethnic differences in PCa genetics. This review highlights the attempts to generate a PRS tailored to Asian males including data from Korea, China, and Japan, and discuss the clinical implications for prediction of early onset and aggressive PCa.

VST 및 FPGA를 이용한 전자표적 생성 및 신호 모의장치 개발

송상헌,Sanghun Song 한국군사과학기술학회 2023 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.26 No.4

In this paper, the target simulator for RF signals was developed by using VST(Vector Signal Transceiver) and set by real-time signal processing SW programs. A function to process RF signals using FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) board was designed. The system functions capable of data processing, raw signals monitoring, target signals(simulated range, velocity) generating and RF environments data analyzing were implemented. And the characteristics of modulated signal were analyzed in RF environment. All function of programs for processing RF signal have options to store signal data and to manage the data. The validity of the signal simulation was confirmed through verification of simulated signal results.

수학영재들이 NIM 게임 과제에서 만든 문제 만들기 사례 분석

송상헌,정영옥,임재훈,신은주,이향훈 대한수학교육학회 2007 수학교육학연구 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyse the cases of the posed problems while the mathematically gifted students are playing the NIM game. The findings of a qualitative case study have led to the conclusions as follows. Most of all mathematically gifted students in the elementary school are not intend to suggest the solutions of the posed problem unless the teacher or the problem is requested. But a higher level of promising children were changing each data com- ponents of a problem in a consistent way and restructuring the problems while controlling their cognitive process. This is compared to that a relatively lower level of promising children tends to modify one or two data components instantly without trying to look at the whole structure. And we gave 2 suggestions to teach the mathematically gifted students in the problem posing 본 연구의 목적은 초등학교 수학영재들이 NIM 게임이라는 특수한 과제가 주어졌을 때 그것의 정보 또는 구조를 변경하여 만든 문제들의 사례들을 분석하는 것이다. 그 결과 우수한 수학영재들은 정보 구성 요소를 일관성 있게 변화시키거나 문제를 재구조화하였다. 교육청부설 과학영재교육원 소속 학생들은 대부분 Brown & Walter가 설정한 'What-if-not'전략에 따른 문제 만들기의 Ⅲ수준에서 머물고 있지만, 대학부설 과학영재교육원 소속 학생들 중에는 Ⅳ수준에 도달하는 학생들도 있었다. 특히, 학생들의 사고 수준이 높을수록 표면적으로 드러난 특정한 수치를 다른 값으로 변경하거나 수치 값의 범위를 변경하는 방법에 치중하지 않고 문제의 구조를 파악하고 또 메타인지적 과정을 통해 각각의 요소를 체계적으로 분류하면서 보다 다양하고 확장된 유형의 문제를 만들어 간다는 점을 밝혔다. 그리고, 문제 만들기 수업에서 활용할 수 있는 2가지의 지도방안을 제안하였다.

중학생 R&E 지도 사례: NIM 게임의 필승 해법 탐구와 변형 NIM 게임 개발을 중심으로

송상헌 한국과학영재교육학회 2023 과학영재교육 Vol.15 No.1

This is a case study of R&E instruction for middle school students in Science Gifted Education Center who explored the winning solution of the NIM game, a type of two-person finite turn-based fixed complete information game, and modified the game. It is not difficult for middle school students to understand the solution of the NIM game and solve the problem while obtaining the logical sum expressed in binary. However, unlike the enrichment course, R&E education for gifted students explores new mathematical properties beyond the given problem-solving method, and experiences the rediscovery of principles, reinvention of forms, and re-creation of games through various transformations (making, development). We should be able to guide them through these methods. As a result of re-creation mathematics through recreational activities, students created a modified NIM game that extended it in addition to several known modified NIM games. The results of this study can be used for the development of modified NIM games and will be helpful for teaching R&E in the secondary school course. 본 연구는 2인 유한 턴제 확정 완전정보게임의 일종인 NIM 게임의 필승 해법의 수학적 성질을 탐구하고 그 게임을 변형한 과학영재교육원 중등수학 사사과정 R&E 지도 사례이다. 중학교 학생들 수준에서 어떤 수를 이진법으로 표기한 논리합을 구하면서 NIM 게임의 해법을 이해하고 문제를 해결하는 것은 어렵지 않다. 그러나 영재들을 위한 사사과정인 R&E 교육에서는 심화 과정과 달리 주어진 문제해결의 방법을 넘어 새로운 수학적 성질을 탐구하고 다양한 변형(만들기, 발전)을 통해 원리의 재발견, 형식의 재발명, 게임의 재창조를 경험할 수 있도록 안내할 수 있어야 한다. 레크리에이션 활동을 통한 리크리에이션 수학의 결과 학생들은 이미 알려진 몇 가지의 변형 NIM 게임 외에 그것을 확장한 변형 NIM 게임을 만들어냈다. 본 연구 결과는 변형 NIM 게임 개발에 활용할 수 있고 중등사사과정 R&E 지도에도 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

Cytoreductive nephrectomy in the age of immunotherapy-based combination treatment

송상헌,이상철 대한비뇨의학회 2023 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.64 No.5

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) displays a wide spectrum of oncological prognosis and clinical behavior, and is noted for its generally poor outcome in metastatic settings. However, the introduction of immunotherapy after the cytokine era has changed the landscape of treatment for metastatic RCC, outperforming previous targeted therapy and providing new hope for patients with advanced disease. Cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) has been the center of controversy, with questionable survival benefit when compared to systemic therapy. Despite discouraging results from the two randomized clinical trials (CARMENA & SURTIME), interest into the role of CN is being rekindled, and contemporary real-world studies provide supporting evidence to suggest that CN may still have a role in well-selected patients treated or expecting treatment with immunotherapy, not only for symptomatic control but also for oncological benefit. In this review article, we attempt to review the modern insight into the role of CN for metastatic RCC in contemporary medicine, with a focus on treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitor combination-based immunotherapy.

웹 보안을 위한 사용자 인증과 암호화 통신 구현 ( Implementation of User Authentication and Secure Communication for WWW Security )

송상헌,박정수,강신각,김재명,안은미,유재철 대한전자공학회 1997 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1997 No.1