The Political Economy of the Roof: The New Village Movement in 1970s South Korea

김성조 고려대학교 한국사연구소 2024 International Journal of Korean History Vol.29 No.1

This study investigates South Korea’s rural modernization project conducted under the name of the New Village Movement during the rapid industrialization period of the 1970s. The focus is on a specific event called the Roof Improvement Project within this Movement. In the 1970s, rural poverty was often portrayed through images of monochromatic village landscapes populated by dilapidated mud-walled houses crowned with coverings of faded grass thatch. Replacing the thatched roofs with something more colorful and modern was quickly identified as one of the most effective ways of showcasing ‘rural development.’ By 1978, an astonishing 2,618,000 thatched houses throughout the countryside had their old roofs replaced with a new material known as ‘slate.’ The rural ‘change’ particularly manifested through the brightly colored slate roofs lining the highways. This technicolor display propagandized development and, ultimately, legitimized the military regime’s rule. However, the new ‘modern’ roofs actually eroded farmers’ financial status and bolstered the accumulation of capital by specific industries. To trace the flow of capital extracted from farmers, this study also delves into the history of two large corporate groups - KCC and Pyŏksan - that were able to solidify the early foundation for their current business formation in the 1970s.

주한미군 재배치에 따른 한반도 안보환경

김성조 북한연구소 2004 北韓 Vol.- No.387

김종삼 시의 ‘공백/생략’에 나타난 의미적 불확실성과 도피성

김성조 한국언어문화학회 2014 한국언어문화 Vol.0 No.53

Kim Jongsam’ poems have the feature of ‘blank’ and ‘omit’. The ‘blank’ and ‘omit’ in his poems choose the ‘deliberate blank and omit’ which were created by the great part of poets. They do not only imply the aesthetics of Kim Jongsam’ poems, but also imply the sight and response which is to read the era and reality and the inner consciousness. ‘Blank/omit’ have the meaning of uncertainty that dispose story which will be told asblank and omit. Kim Jongsam’s world of uncertainty expresses his attitude of withdrawing into himself and escaping from the reality. That is because his ‘blank/omit’ act by the reduction of existence, which is escaping space that can be escaped from the negative era and reality. This kind of escaping space tingles with the self-defense that is protecting oneself from the negative world. This research views ‘blank/omission’ which exposes the uncertainty in Kim Jongsam’s poems and the poetic imagnation as the reason of escape, then finds out the essence of the poems’ consciousness. ‘Blank/omission’ is just like the intentional poetic equipment, it not only contains aesthetic character, but also the inner meaning. Again, the positive understanding to the reality and the methods of escaping from the reality have been contained in it. For Kim Jongsam, this kind of escaping is the method to hide himself and self-control.

Leptin potentiates Prevotella intermedia lipopolysaccharide-induced production of TNF-α in monocyte-derived macrophages

김성조 대한치주과학회 2010 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.40 No.3

Purpose: In addition to regulating body weight, leptin is also recognized for its role in the regulation of immune function and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of leptin on Prevotella (P.) intermedia lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in differentiated THP-1 cells, a human monocytic cell line. Methods: LPS from P. intermedia ATCC 25611 was prepared by the standard hot phenol-water method. THP-1 cells were incubated in the medium supplemented with phorbol myristate acetate to induce differentiation into macrophage-like cells. The amount of TNF-α and interleukin-8 secreted into the culture medium was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). TNF-α and Ob-R mRNA expression levels were determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results: Leptin enhanced P. intermedia LPS-induced TNF-α production in a dose-dependent manner. Leptin modulated P. intermedia LPS-induced TNF-α expression predominantly at the transcriptional level. Effect of leptin on P. intermedia LPS-induced TNF-α production was not mediated by the leptin receptor. Conclusions: The ability of leptin to enhance P. intermedia LPS-induced TNF-α production may be important in the establishment of chronic lesion accompanied by osseous tissue destruction observed in inflammatory periodontal disease.

Isolation and Characterization of a Putative Heminbinding Protein from Prevotella intermedia

김성조,정해영,Kim, Sung-Jo,Chung, Hae-Young The Korean Academy of Periodontoloy 2000 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.30 No.4

본 연구는 hemin이 치주질환 주요 병인균주 중의 하나인 Prevotella intermedia의 성장 및 세포막 단백질의 발현에 미치는 영향을 규명하고, hemin 결합에 관여하는 것으로 추정되는 단백질의 순수분리 및 특성 분석을 위해 수행 되었다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면, hemin은 P.intermedia의 성장 및 세포막 단백질의 발현에 영향을 미쳐, hemin이 고갈된 조건에서 균주의 성장이 현저히 억제되었으며, 약 50 kDa의 세포막 단백질이 현저히 강화되어 발현되었다. 본 연구에서는 hemin 결합에 관여하는 것으로 추정되는 이 50 kDa의 세포막 단백질을 순수분리하였으며, N'-terminal 아미노산 분석을 수행한 결과 이 단백질은 Streptococcus inter - medius의 Enolase와 아미노산 서열 및 분자량이 일치하였다. 한편, 이 단백질에는 disulfidebond가 존재하지 않았다. 본 연구는 P.intermedia에서의 porphyrin 생리 및 hemin 획득기전을 밝히는데 있어 중요한 의의가 있으리라 사료된다.

온돌 온열환경지표 평가방법

김성조 한국산업융합학회 2022 한국산업융합학회 논문집 Vol.25 No.1

For this purpose, the authors proposed and proved usefulness of the modified mean skin temperature which is integrated mean radiation temperature and the effect of floor contacted heat conduction. The mean radiation temperature is applied form factor between half cross-legged human body and surrounding wall of indoor. In addition the floor contacted heat conduction is applied heat transfer coefficient of half cross-legged human body. Eight Korean young men were targeted for the experiment. From the experiment the authors excerpted physiological reaction and psychological reaction in Ondol environment which is combined physiccal environmental factor of artificial climate chamber, air and floor temperature. As a result of the experiment it is confirmed that heat conduction has more impact than heat exchange from existing research for the heat exchange between half cross-legged human body and surrounding wall in Ondol thermal environment. Thereby, it is proved the effectiveness of the modified mean skin temperature which is added floor contacted temperature to the Ondol thermal environmental evaluation index.

만경강(萬頃江) 유역의 토양 및 수도체중(水稻體中) 중금속 함량

김성조,양환승 한국환경농학회 1986 한국환경농학회지 Vol.5 No.1

全州市 工團廢水 및 都市下水의 影響을 받는 地域의 土壤과 水稻를 對象으로 Cd, Cu, Pb, 및 Zn등 重金屬含量을 調査分析한 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1) 土壤中의 重金屬含量은 表土와 心土의 差가 거의 없었다. 2) 土壤中의 Cd, Cu, Pb, 및 Zn의 全含量은 汚染源으로부터 距離가 멀어질수록 負의 相關을 나타냈다. 3) 表土中 Cd, Pb, Zn 含量과 0.1N-HCL 및 N-CH₃COONH₄에 의한 溶出量間에 正의 相關을 나타냈다. 4) 土壤中 粘土, 有機物含量 및 陽 ion置換容量과 重金屬含量間에는 正의 有意性 있는 相關을 나타냈다. 5) 工團廢水 및 都市下水에 의해서 汚染된 畓土壤에서 生産된 玄米中 重金屬含量은 Cd은 0.15∼0.91 Cu은 1.13∼5.68, Pb은 0.22∼7.16, Zn.은 11.74∼38.66ppm이었다. 6) 玄米中 重金屬의 含量은 汚染源으로부터 멀어질수록 減少하는 負의 相關을 나타냈다. 7) 地上部 水稻의 莖葉中 Cd, Cu, 및 Zn의 含量은 玄米中 이들의 含量과 有意性 있는 正의 相關을 나타냈다. Soils and rice plants in wastewater irrigated area of the Mangyeong River receiving waster from the Jeonju Industrial Complex and municipal sewage were sampled at two depths to assess the nature and content of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, particularly with respect to distance from wastewater source. For metal levels of soils in these area, no difference in the heavy metal contents between the surface and the subsurface soils was found. Total contents of Cu, Pb and Zn in soils were negatively correlated with distance from the source. A positive correlation was found between contents of total and 0.1N-HCl extractable or 1N-CH₃COONH₄ extractable heavy metals in surface soils of these area. Total contents of heavy metals in soils were positively correlated with clay, soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity. Heavy metal contents of brown rice sampled at the Jeon-ju Industrial Complex area ranged from 0.15 to 0.91 ppm for Cd, from 1.13 to 5.68 ppm for Cu, from 0.22 to 7.16 ppm for Pb and from 11.74 to 38.66 ppm for Zn. Negative correlation was found between the contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the brown rice and the distance from the source. The contents of Cd, Cu and Zn in rice straw were positively correlated with those in the brown rice.

한약추출박 퇴비가 토양의 화학적 특성 및 복분자 품질에 미치는 영향

김성조,김재영,백승화 한국자원식물학회 2011 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.24 No.4

In order to reuse remnants of medicinal herb extracts as an environment-friendly manure, fermented compost made from medicinal herb waste (MHWC), poultry manure compost (PMC) and MHWC+PMC (1:1, w/w) were applied on upland soil cultivated with 2 year-old Bokbunja plants. The results of the changes of soil chemical properties on upland soil, the yield and the sugar contents of the fruit harvested were summarized as follows. The pH in soils treated with composts (STCs) was significantly changed (p<0.05) compared with untreated control (UC) group. The electrical conductivity (EC) in MHWC group was decreased 0.46-0.56 times compared with UC, and it was different from PMC groups. The contents of organic matter and total nitrogen were increased in all of the treatments and MHWC group was the highest among the all groups. The content of available phosphorous was different by types and amounts of the composts. The content of heavy metal in all groups did not exceed the standard content for soil contamination. The yield and the sugar contents of the fruit harvested were the highest in the treatments of MHWC. In conclusion, MHWC is an effective compost resource on improvement of soil environment and promoting the fruit qualities. 본 연구는 한약탕제 찌꺼기를 친환경 퇴비자원으로서 재활용하기 위하여 발효과정을 거친 퇴비(MHWC; medicinal herb waste compost)와 계분퇴비(PMC; poultry manure compost) 및 이들을 혼합한 퇴비(MHWC+PMC, 1:1)를 식재 2년생 복분자 포장에 무처리(UC; untreated control, 0), 20, 40 Mg/ha로 각각 처리하였다. 밭 토양의 화학성과 수확한 복분자 과실의 수량 및 당도변화 조사 결과는 다음과 같다. 토양 pH는 UC보다 모두 증가하여 유의적인 pH 변화 조절기능이 인정되었다. EC는 MHWC 처리구가 UC보다 0.56-0.46배 감소를 보였으며, PMC 처리구와 차이가 있었다. 유기물함량과 질소함량은 퇴비 종류와 무관하게 증가하였고, 가장 증가된 퇴비는 MHWC이었다. 유효인산함량은 퇴비 종류 및 처리량에 따른 차이가 있었다. 각 퇴비를 처리한 토양의 중금속 함량은 토양오염우려기준보다 낮았다. MHWC 처리구의 수량과 당도는 다른 처리구에 비해 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 보아, MHWC 처리는 복분자 경작지의 토양환경개선과 더불어 복분자 과실의 수량 및 당도를 향상시키는 효과적인 퇴비자원인 것으로 사료된다.

김종삼 시의 소리 이미지와 의미적 표상

김성조 한국문예창작학회 2010 한국문예창작 Vol.9 No.3

분권개혁과 정당정치: 1979년과 1997년 스코틀랜드 권한이양(Devolution) 개혁의 비교

김성조 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2020 국제지역연구 Vol.29 No.2

This study examines the political dynamics on the Scottish devolution reform in the United Kingdom. With the discovery of the North Sea oil in 1970 and the surge of the SNP, a nationalist force, the Labour Party gradually changed its position on decentralization from an initial skepticism toward a strategic support. The Callaghan Cabinet needed to maintain Scottish dominance in order to remain in power and would submit the devolution bill on the opening of Scottish Assembly. However, the discipline of the party were fairly weak at the time and eventually a referendum on the establishment of Scottish Assembly in 1979 was rejected. Due to the high opposition from the Scottish voters to Thatcherism and the re-surge of the SNP, the Labour Party put forward a decentralization reform plan once again. Particularly, Tony Blair pushed the referendum under his leadership, taking advantage of strengthened party discipline. The referendum held in 1997 granted approval for the Scottish Parliament and its power to control tax-revenue. 본 연구는 영국의 사례를 통해 정당간 경쟁과 당내 규율을 중심으로 분권개혁을 가능하게 한 정치적 동학을 살펴보고자 한다. 1970년 북해 유전의 발견과 함께 민족주의 세력인 SNP가 급성장하면서 노동당은 분권에 대한 초기의 회의적인 태도에서 점차 우호적 태도로 변화하게 된다. 노동당칼라한 내각은 스코틀랜드에서의 우위를 유지할 필요가 있었고 의회개설을 중심으로 한 분권법안을 제출하였다. 그러나 당시 노동당은 심각하게 분열되었고 당 리더는 원외세력의 큰 견제를 받는구조로 되어 있었다. 결국 1979년 의회개설에 대한 주민투표는 부결되었다. 이후 대처가 이끄는 보수당이 총선에서 대승을 거두고 정권을 장기간 장악하게 되었다. 대처리즘에 대한 스코틀랜드 지역의 반대와 SNP의 재부상을 계기로 하여 노동당은 다시금 분권개혁안을 꺼내들었다. 한편, 토니 블레어는 1980년대 중반 이후 강화된 당내 규율을 이용하여 자신의 주도하에 주민투표안을 밀어붙였다. 1997년 총선 승리와 함께 전격적으로 법안을 통과시키고 주민투표를 실시하여 스코틀랜드 의회개설과 조세 조절 권한을 승인받게 된다.